verb
frissamō
Strong’sG5425
I shudder
stem friss-once in the New Testament1 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
φρίσσω
(Att.. -ττω, and so IV Mac 14:9 17:7) [in LXX: Jb 4:15 (סמר pi.), etc.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G5425 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidfris'-so
to "bristle" or chill, i.e. shudder (fear)
Fromapparently a primary verb;
King Jamestremble.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
Attic dialect φρίττω Refs 5th c.BC+: future φρίξω Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist ἔφριξα Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect πέφρῑκα Refs; poetry participle πεφρίκοντες Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐπεφρίκει Refs 1st c.AD+ —middle, aorist 1 ἐφριξάμην falsa lectio in Refs 8th c.BC+:—to be rough or uneven on the surface, bristle, φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι (i.e. σταχύεσσι) Refs 8th c.BC+; of a line of battle, ἔφριξεν μάχη ἐγχείῃσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; φρίξας εὐλόφῳ σφηκώματι, of the crest of a helmet, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a tree, φρίσσουσα ζεφύροις Refs 5th c.BC+; χερσὶ δεξιωνύμοις ἔφριξεν αἰθήρ, of a crowd holding up their hands to vote, Refs 4th c.BC+; of hair, mane, or bristles, bristle up, stand on end, μηδ᾽ ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν [τρίχες] Refs 8th c.BC+; of foliage, φύλλα πεφρικότα, opposed to κεκλιμένα, Refs 4th c.BC+ having set up his bristly mane, Refs 8th c.BC+; φ. νῶτον, αὐχένας, Refs 8th c.BC+; also πτεροῖσι νῶτα πεφρίκοντες bristling on their backs with feathers, Refs 5th c.BC+
2 ἄσθματι φρίσσων πνοάς ruckling in his throat, of one just dying, uncertain reading in Refs 5th c.BC+
3 of the rippling surface of smooth water Refs 2nd c.AD+; of breakers, ῥηγμῖνες φ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; also of rain, φρίσσοντες ὄμβροι Refs 5th c.BC+
II frequently of a feeling of chill, shiver, shudder:
II.1 of the effect of cold, shiver, Refs 8th c.BC+; χωρὶς τοῦ φρῖξαι unless he catch a chill, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of the teeth, chatter, Refs 1st c.BC+
II.2 of the effect of fear, shudder, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἅλω δὲ πολλὴν.. ἔφριζα δινήσαντος I shuddered when he swung the vast shield round, Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐ φρίττουσιν (i.e. animals) ὡς φρίττουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι Refs 1st c.BC+: with accusative, shudder at one, οἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι Refs 8th c.BC+infinitive, πέφρικα.. Ἐρινὺν τελέσαι I tremble at the thought of her accomplishing.., Refs 4th c.BC+ they shall shudder at the oars is falsa lectio for{φρύξουσι} in Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+participle, πέφρικα λεύσσων I shudder at seeing, Refs 4th c.BC+: with infinitive, fear to do, Refs 4th c.BC+
II.3 feel a holy thrill or awe at, ἐν ἱερῷ φ. ἅπαντα καὶ προσκυνεῖν Refs 1st c.AD+
II.4 thrill with passionate joy, ἔφριξ᾽ ἔρωτι Refs 5th c.BC+.—Rare in early Prose, except in the sense of shuddering, fearing, Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| frissalōφρίσσουσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | shudder | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 1 occurrence
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frissamō | frissame | frissami | frissama | frissamē | frissamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | frissasō | frissase | frissasi | frissasa | frissasē | frissaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frissatō | frissate | frissati | frissata | frissatē | frissatelē |
| we 1st person plural | frissanō | frissane | frissani | frissana | frissanē | frissanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | frissavō | frissave | frissavi | frissava | frissavē | frissavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | frissalō1×φρίσσουσιν | frissale | frissali | frissala | frissalē | frissalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frissameiō | frissameia | frissameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | frissaseiō | frissaseia | frissaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frissateiō | frissateia | frissateiē |
| we 1st person plural | frissaneiō | frissaneia | frissaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | frissaveiō | frissaveia | frissaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | frissaleiō | frissaleia | frissaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | frissasōr | frissasar | frissasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frissatōr | frissatar | frissatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | frissavōr | frissavar | frissavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | frissalōr | frissalar | frissalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frissamoiō | frissamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | frissasoiō | frissasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frissatoiō | frissatoia |
| we 1st person plural | frissanoiō | frissanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | frissavoiō | frissavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | frissaloiō | frissaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | frissarō | frissari | frissara | frissarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | frissarōntos | frissarintos | frissarantos | frissarēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
friss is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
1 occurrence, every one of them listed
frissalō“shudder”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural1×
James 2:19… poiasō; kai teim daimoneim pisteualō kai frissalō.… Even the demons believe that — and shudder.