fthanamō

φθάνω,
Refs 8th c.BC+, imperfect ἔφθανον Refs 5th c.BC+: future φθήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+; but φθάσω [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔφθᾰσα Refs 5th c.BC+; optative 3rd.pers. singular φθάσειε Refs 5th c.BC+ (this tense prevails in later Gk., Refs 2nd c.BC+; Doric dialect ἔφθασσα Refs 3rd c.BC+aorist is ἔφθην,Refs 5th c.BC+, but the more usual form in Refs 5th c.BC+; plural ἔφθημεν, -ητε, -ησαν, Refs 5th c.BC+, Epic dialect plural 3 φθάν Refs 8th c.BC+subjunctive φθῶ, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φθήῃ, φθῇσιν, Refs; Epic dialect 1st pers. plural φθέωμεν Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural φθέωσι Refs; optative φθαίην, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φθαίησι (παρα-) Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive φθῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+; participle φθάς Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle middle φθάμενος Refs 8th c.BC+perfect ἔφθᾰκαLXX+4th c.BC+; πέφθακα Refs 3rd c.AD+: pluperfect ἐφθάκει Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+: imperfect ἐφθάνετο Refs; ἐφθάνοντο Refs 1st c.AD+: aorist ἐφθάσθην Refs 1st c.BC+. [φθᾰνω always in Attic dialect (so also in Refs; φθᾱνω in Refs 8th c.BC+]:—come or do first or before others:
I with accusative person, to be beforehand with, overtake, outstrip, in running or otherwise, φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα NT+8th c.BC+; so ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα they anticipated the storm, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be overtaken, ὑπό τινος Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐφθάσθην (see. above).
II absolutely, come or act first, opposed to ὑστερέω or ὑστερίζω, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁρπαγή the prey of the first comer, Refs 5th c.BC+; in later writers, τὰ φθάσαντα the things before mentioned, Refs 4th c.BC+; participle φθάνων, φθάσας previous, τῶν φθασάντων δυεῖν βιβλίων Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἐν τοῖς φθάνουσιν ἔργοις Dex.Hist.Refs 1st c.AD+previous time, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸ φθάσαν, τὰ φθάσαντα, the past, Refs 4th c.BC+
II.2 with Preps., come or arrive first, ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX+NT.., simply, arriveat, attain to, NT+1st c.AD+: absolutely, of Time, arrive, καιρὸς τῆς τομῆς ἔφθακε (variant{ἔφθασεν}) LXX; ἔφθασεν ὁ μὴν ὁ ἕβδομοςLXX
II.2.b extend, μέχρι γῆς Refs 3rd c.AD+
II.2.c reach, αἰθέρα Refs
II.2.d Grammars, to be applied or applicable, ἐπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις Refs 2nd c.AD+
III the action in which one is beforehand is expressed by the participle agreeing with the subject, [Ἄτη] πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ᾽ αἶαν βλάπτουσ᾽ ἀνθρώπους and is beforehand in doing men mischief, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών Telemachus was beforehand with him in striking, i.e. struck first, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived first, Refs 5th c.BC+; so φ. εὐεργετῶν to be the first to show a kindness, Refs 5th c.BC+participle passive is also used, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα, i.e. it would be taken first, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς shall be wounded first, Refs; φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν.. ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους they must first be blocked up, Refs were drawn up before the drivers, Refs 8th c.BC+; more frequently by πρὶν.. or ἢ.., ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ.. Refs
III.b in later Gr., with participle to express previous action or happening, φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς I have already written to you, Refs 2nd c.AD+, etc.; ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς Refs 2nd c.AD+
III.2 in the same sense, participle φθάς or φθάσας, Epic dialect φθάμενος, is used like an adverb with a principal Verb, ὅς μ᾽ ἔβαλε φθάμενος, for ὅς μ᾽ ἔφθη βαλών, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται no other shall be an accuser before me, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας you opened the door before me, Refs 5th c.BC+; even with a participle, φθάσας.. ἁρπάσας Refs 5th c.BC+; rarely participle present, φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν Refs 5th c.BC+
III.2.b in signification Refsalready paid them, Refs 4th c.AD+; but ὡσεὶ καὶ ὁμογενῆ φθάσας εἶπον as if I had said (not had already said) ὁ., Refs 2nd c.AD+
III.3 rarely with infinitive, ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι he that first gains confidence, Refs 5th c.BC+; σπεύδειν ὅπως.. φθαίης ἔτ᾽ εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν (variant{ἐλθών}) hurry to be in time to get to.., Refs 5th c.BC+; μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν hardly manages by falling first on the seat not to fall on the ground, Refs 5th c.BC+; more frequently in later writers, of actions which one manages to do, does before or has done first or already, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι Refs 2nd c.AD+; φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος having already begun, Refs; μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι if he is not first suitably nourished, Refs; συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους the young die first, Refs; εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους if we already have.., Refs 2nd c.AD+
IV with negatives,
IV.1 with οὐ and participle (infinitive is see reading in Refs 5th c.BC+ you must no sooner get your beard than you march, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις no sooner is he brought out than he becomes unclean, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν᾽ ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν.. no sooner had we come to Troezen than.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν scarcely or no sooner had misfortune befallen me when.., Refs 5th c.BC+
IV.2 οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with participle present, express a strong exhortation or urgent command, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι you could not be too quick in departing, i.e. make haste and be off, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ φθάνοιτ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἄν θνῄσκοντες make haste and die, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιςRefs 5th c.BC+; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, compare οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι (i.e. λέγων) Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle aorist, once in Refs 2nd c.AD+
IV.2.b in Refsshall hear in a moment, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον will soon (or inevitably) be enslaved to.., Refs 4th c.BC+; also to express what is logically inevitable, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες they will soon be (or cannot logically help) worshipping them, Aristeas 137; τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν Refs 2nd c.AD+: with participle aorist, Refs

H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.