verb
gumnazomō
Strong’sG1128
I train by physical exercise
stem gumnaz-4 times in the New Testamentin 3 of 27 books4 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
** γυμνάζω
(< γυμνός), [in LXX: II Mac 10:15 *;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G1128 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidgoom-nad'-zo
to practise naked (in the games), i.e. train (figuratively)
Fromfrom G1131;
King Jamesexercise.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
future -άσω: aorist ἐγύμνασα Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect γεγύμνακα Refs (Lyric poetry):—middle, (see. below):—passive, aorist ἐγυμνάσθην [Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect γεγύμνασμαι (see. below): (γυμνός):—train naked, train in gymnastic exercise: generally, train, exercise, τὸ σῶμα, τὴν ψυχήν, Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, γ. τοὺς παῖδάς τι ποιεῖν train or accustom them to do a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. τινά τινι accustom him to it,Refs 5th c.BC+; teach rhetoric, Refs 1st c.BC+.:—middle, exercise for oneself, practise, γυμνάσασθαι τέχνην Refs 5th c.BC+; practise gymnastic exercises, Refs 6th c.BC+, etc.; generally, practise, ναῦς -ομένας Refs 5th c.BC+; of a disputer, Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, ὁ γεγυμνασμένος the trained or practised orator, opposed to ὁ εὐφυής, Refs; γεγυμνάσθαι πρός τι, ἔντινι, be trained or practised for or in a thing, NT+5th c.BC+
2 prepare, βιβλίδιον Refs 3rd c.AD+
II metaphorically, wear out, harass, ἄδην με.. πλάναι γεγυμνάκασι Refs 4th c.BC+; κρυμὸς.. πλευρὰ γυμνάζει χολῆς, of pleurisy, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, τοὺς ὑπερμήκεις δρόμους.. γυμνάζεται Refs 4th c.BC+
II.2 investigate, Refs 6th c.AD+
III ={γυμνόω}, Refs 6th c.AD+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| gumnazasōrγύμναζε | happening now · youpresent active imperative 2nd person singular | train | 1× |
| gumnazorēntanγεγυμνασμένην | has happened · objectperfect middle or passive participle accusative singular feminine | trained | 1× |
| gumnazorēnteimγεγυμνασμένα | has happened · objectperfect middle or passive participle direct plural neuter | trained | 1× |
| gumnazorēntoiγεγυμνασμένοις | has happened · to, forperfect middle or passive participle dative plural masculine | trained | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 140, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | gumnazamō | gumnazame | gumnazami | gumnazama | gumnazamē | gumnazamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | gumnazasō | gumnazase | gumnazasi | gumnazasa | gumnazasē | gumnazaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | gumnazatō | gumnazate | gumnazati | gumnazata | gumnazatē | gumnazatelē |
| we 1st person plural | gumnazanō | gumnazane | gumnazani | gumnazana | gumnazanē | gumnazanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | gumnazavō | gumnazave | gumnazavi | gumnazava | gumnazavē | gumnazavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | gumnazalō | gumnazale | gumnazali | gumnazala | gumnazalē | gumnazalelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | gumnazomō | gumnazome | gumnazomē | gumnazomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | gumnazosō | gumnazose | gumnazosē | gumnazoselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | gumnazotō | gumnazote | gumnazotē | gumnazotelē |
| we 1st person plural | gumnazonō | gumnazone | gumnazonē | gumnazonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | gumnazovō | gumnazove | gumnazovē | gumnazovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | gumnazolō | gumnazole | gumnazolē | gumnazolelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | gumnazameiō | gumnazameia | gumnazameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | gumnazaseiō | gumnazaseia | gumnazaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | gumnazateiō | gumnazateia | gumnazateiē |
| we 1st person plural | gumnazaneiō | gumnazaneia | gumnazaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | gumnazaveiō | gumnazaveia | gumnazaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | gumnazaleiō | gumnazaleia | gumnazaleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | gumnazomeiō | gumnazomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | gumnazoseiō | gumnazoseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | gumnazoteiō | gumnazoteiē |
| we 1st person plural | gumnazoneiō | gumnazoneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | gumnazoveiō | gumnazoveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | gumnazoleiō | gumnazoleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, 1 occurrence
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | gumnazasōr1×γύμναζε | gumnazasar | gumnazasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | gumnazatōr | gumnazatar | gumnazatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | gumnazavōr | gumnazavar | gumnazavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | gumnazalōr | gumnazalar | gumnazalēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | gumnazosōr | gumnazosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | gumnazotōr | gumnazotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | gumnazovōr | gumnazovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | gumnazolōr | gumnazolēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | gumnazamoiō | gumnazamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | gumnazasoiō | gumnazasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | gumnazatoiō | gumnazatoia |
| we 1st person plural | gumnazanoiō | gumnazanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | gumnazavoiō | gumnazavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | gumnazaloiō | gumnazaloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | gumnazomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | gumnazosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | gumnazotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | gumnazonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | gumnazovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | gumnazoloiō |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | gumnazarō | gumnazari | gumnazara | gumnazarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | gumnazorō | gumnazorē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 3 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | gumnazarōntos | gumnazarintos | gumnazarantos | gumnazarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | gumnazorōntos | gumnazorēntos3× |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
gumnaz is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
4 occurrences, every one of them listed
gumnazasōr“train”happening now · youpresent active imperative 2nd person singular1×
1 Timothy 4:7… de bebēloin kai graōdoin muthoin paraitosōr. gumnazasōr de siauton pros eusebeian;But reject irreverent, silly myths. Instead, train yourself for godliness.
gumnazorēntan“trained”has happened · objectperfect middle or passive participle accusative singular feminine1×
2 Peter 2:14… akatapaustoin hamartau, deleazarōntois psuchain astēriktain, kardian gumnazorēntan pleonexiau echarōntois, katarau tekneim,… They are accursed children with hearts trained in greed.
gumnazorēnteim“trained”has happened · objectperfect middle or passive participle direct plural neuter1×
Hebrews 5:14… toiu dia tan hexian teim aisthētērieim gumnazorēnteim echarōntoiu pros diakrisian kaleu tē kai …… mature, who by constant use have trained their senses to distinguish good from …
gumnazorēntoi“trained”has happened · to, forperfect middle or passive participle dative plural masculine1×
Hebrews 12:11… de karpon eirēnikon toi dia autau gumnazorēntoi apodōatō dikaiosunau.… peace to those who have been trained by it.