adjective
gumnos
Strong’sG1131
wearing only the under-garment, bare
stem gumn-15 times in the New Testamentin 9 of 27 books7 of 26 forms occur
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
Naked, without clothing on the body 1234 — the ordinary sense used of a person who has no garment on, or who is wearing only the undergarment rather than being fully dressed 14.
The word is also used more loosely of someone poorly or scantily clad rather than completely without clothes 1.
Beyond its literal use, the word is applied metaphorically to things laid open or exposed to view, and to the soul thought of as without a body 1. It is also used of a seed in its bare, husk-like state before it grows 13.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
γυμνός, -ή, -όν,
[in LXX chiefly for עָרוֹם;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G1131 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidgoom-nos'
nude (absolute or relative, literal or figurative)
Fromof uncertain affinity;
King Jamesnaked.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
naked, unclad, γ. περ ἐών Refs 8th c.BC+: comparative, Ἴρου γυμνότερος Refs 5th c.AD+; γυμνὸν στάδιον, opposed to ὁπλιτοδρόμος, Refs 5th c.BC+
2 unarmed, οὐδ᾽ ὑπέμεινε Πάτροκλον, γυμνόν περ ἐόντ᾽ ἐν δηϊοτῆτι Refs 8th c.BC+parts not covered by armour, exposed parts, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially right side (the left being covered by the shields), Refs 5th c.BC+
3 of things bare, γ. τόξον an uncoveredbow,i.e. taken out of the case, Refs 8th c.BC+
4 c.genitive, stripped of a thing, κολεοῦ γ. φάσγανον Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative ἀνδριάντων -ότερος Refs 1st c.AD+
5 lightly clad, i.e. in the undergarment only, Refs 8th c.BC+; of horses, without harness, Refs 2nd c.AD+
6 of facts, naked, bald, γυμνῶν τῶν πραγμάτων θεωρουμένων Refs 4th c.BC+ adverb -ῶς baldly, Refs 4th c.BC+
7 destitute, Refs 3rd c.BC+
8 bare, mere, κόκκος NT
9 beardless, Refs 3rd c.BC+
10 scalped, Refs 7th c.BC+
11 γυμνή· ἄνηβος, Refs 5th c.AD+
12 proverbial of impossibilities, γυμνῷ φυλακὴν ἐπιτάττεις Refs 5th c.BC+. (Akin to Sanskrit nagnás, Latin nādus, etc.; compare λυγνός.)
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
Every form this word takes in Biblang, with the Greek it corresponds to and how often the New Testament uses it.
| Job in the sentence case | masculine singular | feminine singular | neuter singular | masculine plural | feminine plural | neuter plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| subject nominative | gumnos6×γυμνὸς | gumnas | gumnem | gumnois2×γυμνοὶ | gumnais | gumneim1×γυμνὰ |
| object accusative | gumnon3×γυμνὸν | gumnan1×γυμνήν | gumnoin1×γυμνοὺς | gumnain | ||
| direct address vocative | gumnor | gumnar | gumnoir | gumnair | ||
| of, belonging to genitive | gumnou | gumnau | gumneu1×γυμνοῦ | gumnoiu | gumnaiu | gumneiu |
| to, for dative | gumno | gumna | gumne | gumnoi | gumnai | gumnei |
Tinted cells are forms the New Testament never uses, so there is no Greek to show against them — but they are still correct Biblang, built from the slots below like any other.
Why these forms, and no others — the slots that make them
gumn is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
15 occurrences, every one of them listed
gumnos“naked”subjectnominative singular6×
Matthew 25:36gumnos kai peribalava min, asthenama kai episkepteva …I was naked and you clothed Me, I was …
Matthew 25:43xenos ome kai ouk sunagava min, gumnos kai ouk peribalava min, asthenos kai …… not take Me in, I was naked and you did not clothe Me …
Mark 14:52tos de kataleiparantos tan sindonan gumnos fugata.… the linen cloth and ran away naked.
John 21:7“stripped”… atō, ton ependuton diazōneta, ate gar gumnos, kai balata heauton eis tan thalassan;… that it was the Lord, he put on his outer garment (for he had removed it . . . ) and jumped into the sea.
Revelation 3:17… eleeinos kai ptōchos kai tuflos kai gumnos,… are wretched, pitiful, poor, blind, and naked.
Revelation 16:15… tērarōntos teim himatieim autou, hina mē gumnos peripatateiō kai blepaleiō tan aschēmosunan autou… so that he will not go naked and let his shame be exposed.”
gumnon“naked”objectaccusative singular3×
Matthew 25:38… sin horana xenon kai sunagana, ē gumnon kai peribalana?… stranger and take You in, or naked and clothe You?
Matthew 25:44… peinarōnton ē dipsarōnton ē xenon ē gumnon ē asthenon ē en fulaka kai …… or thirsty or a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and …
1 Corinthians 15:37“bare”… tem sōmem tem generintem sperasō alla gumnon kokkon ei tuchatoia sitou ē tineu …… is not the body that will be, but just a seed, perhaps of wheat or something else.
gumnan“naked”objectaccusative singular1×
Revelation 17:16… pornan, kai erēmorēntan poiali autan kai gumnan, kai tain sarkain autau esthieli, kai …… They will leave her desolate and naked, and they will eat her flesh …
gumneu“naked”of, belonging togenitive singular1×
Mark 14:51“naked”… tinos sunakolouthate auto peribalorēntos sindonan epi gumneu, kai kratalō auton,… had been following Jesus was wearing a linen cloth around his body. They caught hold of him,
gumnois“naked”subjectnominative plural2×
2 Corinthians 5:3ei ge kai enduerantois ouk gumnois heuriskini.… clothed, we will not be found naked.
James 2:15“naked”ean adelfos ē adelfas gumnois huparchaleiō kai leiporōntois tau efēmerau trofēau,Suppose a brother or sister is without clothes and daily food.
gumnoin“naked”objectaccusative plural1×
Acts 19:16… katakurieuarantos amfoteroiu ischuata kata autoiu, hōste gumnoin kai traumatizorēntoin ekfeugara ek tou oikou …… they ran out of the house naked and wounded.
gumneim“naked”subject or objectdirect plural1×
Hebrews 4:13“naked”… ktisias afanas enōpion autou, panteim de gumneim kai trachēlizorēnteim toi ofthalmoi autou, pros …Nothing in all creation is hidden from God’s sight; everything is uncovered and exposed before the eyes of Him to whom we …