verb
pnigamō
Strong’sG4155
I choke, strangle
stem pnig-3 times in the New Testamentin 2 of 27 books3 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
πνίγω,
[in LXX: I Ki 16:14, 15 (בּעת pi.)*;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4155 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidpnee'-go
to wheeze, i.e. (causative, by implication) to throttle or strangle (drown)
Fromstrengthened from G4154;
King Jameschoke, take by the throat.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ἔπνῑγον Refs 5th c.BC+future πνίξω (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect 2nd pers. plural future πνιξεῖσθε Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἔπνιξα, imperative πνῖξον, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future πνῐγήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐπνίχθην (ἀπ-) Refs 2nd c.AD+; but ἐπνίγην [ῐ] Refs 5th c.BC+perfect πέπνιγμαι, see #11.—The simple verb is less frequently than the compound ἀποπνίγω:— choke, throttle, strangle, Sophr.[same place], etc.; of a doctor, πνίγων.. πικρότατα πόματα διδούς Refs 5th c.BC+; ἂν ὕλη πνίγῃ [τὸν σῖτον] Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be choked, stifled, ἐπνιγόμην τὰ σπλάγχνα Refs 5th c.BC+
2 impersonal πνίγει, of great heat, it is stifling, Refs 4th c.BC+
3 metaphorically, vex, torment, ἕνα χαλκοῦν ἀποβαλὼν αὑτὸν π. Refs 1st c.BC+; ὃ δὲ μάλιστά με πνίγει variant in Refs 2nd c.AD+; oppress by exactions, 'squeeze', Refs 4th c.AD+
II cook in a close-covered vessel, bake, stew, Refs 5th c.BC+
III drown Refs, in passive, Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| pnigateἔπνιγεν | was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | choke | 1× |
| pnigoleἐπνίγοντο | was happening · theyimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural | drowned | 1× |
| pnigalaἔπνιξαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | choked | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 140, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 3 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | pnigamō | pnigame | pnigami | pnigama | pnigamē | pnigamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | pnigasō | pnigase | pnigasi | pnigasa | pnigasē | pnigaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | pnigatō | pnigate1×ἔπνιγεν | pnigati | pnigata | pnigatē | pnigatelē |
| we 1st person plural | pniganō | pnigane | pnigani | pnigana | pniganē | pniganelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | pnigavō | pnigave | pnigavi | pnigava | pnigavē | pnigavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | pnigalō | pnigale | pnigali | pnigala1×ἔπνιξαν | pnigalē | pnigalelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | pnigomō | pnigome | pnigomē | pnigomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | pnigosō | pnigose | pnigosē | pnigoselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | pnigotō | pnigote | pnigotē | pnigotelē |
| we 1st person plural | pnigonō | pnigone | pnigonē | pnigonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | pnigovō | pnigove | pnigovē | pnigovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | pnigolō | pnigole1×ἐπνίγοντο | pnigolē | pnigolelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | pnigameiō | pnigameia | pnigameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | pnigaseiō | pnigaseia | pnigaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | pnigateiō | pnigateia | pnigateiē |
| we 1st person plural | pniganeiō | pniganeia | pniganeiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | pnigaveiō | pnigaveia | pnigaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | pnigaleiō | pnigaleia | pnigaleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | pnigomeiō | pnigomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | pnigoseiō | pnigoseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | pnigoteiō | pnigoteiē |
| we 1st person plural | pnigoneiō | pnigoneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | pnigoveiō | pnigoveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | pnigoleiō | pnigoleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | pnigasōr | pnigasar | pnigasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | pnigatōr | pnigatar | pnigatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | pnigavōr | pnigavar | pnigavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | pnigalōr | pnigalar | pnigalēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | pnigosōr | pnigosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | pnigotōr | pnigotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | pnigovōr | pnigovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | pnigolōr | pnigolēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | pnigamoiō | pnigamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | pnigasoiō | pnigasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | pnigatoiō | pnigatoia |
| we 1st person plural | pniganoiō | pniganoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | pnigavoiō | pnigavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | pnigaloiō | pnigaloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | pnigomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | pnigosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | pnigotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | pnigonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | pnigovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | pnigoloiō |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | pnigarō | pnigari | pnigara | pnigarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | pnigorō | pnigorē |
Used as an adjective — participle, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | pnigarōntos | pnigarintos | pnigarantos | pnigarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | pnigorōntos | pnigorēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
pnig is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
3 occurrences, every one of them listed
pnigate“choke”was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Matthew 18:28… auto hekaton dēnarieim, kai kratarantos auton pnigate legarōntos; Apodōasar ei tinem ofeilasō.… He grabbed him and began to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you …
pnigole“drowned”was happening · theyimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural1×
Mark 5:13… eis tan thalassan, hōs dischilioi, kai pnigole en ta thalassa.… steep bank into the sea and drowned in the water.
pnigala“choked”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Matthew 13:7… akanthain, kai anabainala tais akanthais kai pnigala auteim.… among thorns, which grew up and choked the seedlings.