verb
protrepomō
Strong’sG4389
I encourage, exhort
stem protrep-once in the New Testament1 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
** προ-τρέπω,
[in LXX: Wi 14:18, II Mac 11:7, IV Mac 12:7 15:12 16:13*;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4389 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
urge forwards; used by Refs 8th c.BC+ only intransitive in middle or passive, turn to flight, προτρέποντο μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν Refs 8th c.BC+; of the sun, ὅτ᾽ ἂν ἂψ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἀπ᾽ οὐρανόθεν προτράπηται Refs 8th c.BC+ give myself up to grief, Refs 8th c.BC+
II later, in active, urge on, impel, τίς σ᾽ ἀνάγκῃ τῇδε προτρέπε; Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to κωλύω, Refs 4th c.BC+: with accusative person et infinitive, urge on, impel, persuade one to do a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τοὺς δικαστὰς ὀργίζεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; προτρέψαι (or -τρέψασθαι) τινὰ ὥστε πειρᾶσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+:— middle, with accusative person et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; προτρέπεσθαι ἀνθρώπους ἐπ᾽ ἀρετήν, τοὺς συνόντας πρὸς ἐγκράτειαν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς.. προετρέψατο ὁ Σόλων τὸν Κροῖσον εἴπας.., ἐπειρώτα.., as Solon's story led Croesus on, he asked, Refs 5th c.BC+; προτρέψομαι I will lay an injunction on thee, Refs 5th c.BC+; prescribe, ἐν τῇ φαρμακείῃ Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be persuaded or influenced, ὑπὸ τῶν ὀρνίθων ἀποτρέπεσθαι καὶ π. Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνων -τραπήσεσθαι ὅ τι ἂν κελεύωνται ποιεῖν Refs 1st c.BC+; προετράπη γράψαι Refs 3rd c.AD+
III promote, οὖρα, χυμόν, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, ἢν προτρέπηται ὁποῖα δεῖ if stimulated in the right way, Refs 5th c.BC+
IV in middle, outstrip, outdo, πάντας ἐν τῷ πίνειν Refs 1st c.AD+
V search out, discover, Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| protreperantoisπροτρεψάμενοι | happened · subjectaorist middle participle nominative plural masculine | encouraged | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protrepomō | protrepome | protrepomē | protrepomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | protreposō | protrepose | protreposē | protreposelē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protrepotō | protrepote | protrepotē | protrepotelē |
| we 1st person plural | protreponō | protrepone | protreponē | protreponelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | protrepovō | protrepove | protrepovē | protrepovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | protrepolō | protrepole | protrepolē | protrepolelē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protrepemi | protrepema |
| you 2nd person singular | protrepesi | protrepesa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protrepeti | protrepeta |
| we 1st person plural | protrepeni | protrepena |
| ye 2nd person plural | protrepevi | protrepeva |
| they 3rd person plural | protrepeli | protrepela |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protrepomeiō | protrepomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | protreposeiō | protreposeiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protrepoteiō | protrepoteiē |
| we 1st person plural | protreponeiō | protreponeiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | protrepoveiō | protrepoveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | protrepoleiō | protrepoleiē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protrepemeia |
| you 2nd person singular | protrepeseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protrepeteia |
| we 1st person plural | protrepeneia |
| ye 2nd person plural | protrepeveia |
| they 3rd person plural | protrepeleia |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | protreposōr | protreposēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protrepotōr | protrepotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | protrepovōr | protrepovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | protrepolōr | protrepolēr |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | protrepesar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protrepetar |
| ye 2nd person plural | protrepevar |
| they 3rd person plural | protrepelar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protrepomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | protreposoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protrepotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | protreponoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | protrepovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | protrepoloiō |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protrepemoia |
| you 2nd person singular | protrepesoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protrepetoia |
| we 1st person plural | protrepenoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | protrepevoia |
| they 3rd person plural | protrepeloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | protreporō | protreporē | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | protreperi | protrepera |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | protreporōntos | protreporēntos | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | protreperintos | protreperantos1× |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
protrep is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
1 occurrence, every one of them listed
protreperantois“encouraged”happened · subjectaorist middle participle nominative plural masculine1×
Acts 18:27… de autou dierchara eis tan Achaian protreperantois tois adelfois grafala toi mathētoi apodechera …… cross over to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him and wrote to the disciples …