verb
ptaiamō
Greekπταίω (ptaiō)
Strong’sG4417
I stumble, fall, sin
stem ptai-5 times in the New Testamentin 3 of 27 books5 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
πταίω,
[in LXX chiefly for נגף ni.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4417 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidptah'-yo
to trip, i.e. (figuratively) to err, sin, fail (of salvation)
Froma form of G4098;
King Jamesfall, offend, stumble.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| ptaiatōπταίει | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | stumble | 1× |
| ptaianōπταίομεν | happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural | stumble | 1× |
| ptaialaἔπταισαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | stumble | 1× |
| ptaiateiaπταίσῃ | happened · he/she/itaorist active subjunctive 3rd person singular | stumbles | 1× |
| ptaiaveiaπταίσητέ | happened · yeaorist active subjunctive 2nd person plural | stumble | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 3 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptaiamō | ptaiame | ptaiami | ptaiama | ptaiamē | ptaiamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | ptaiasō | ptaiase | ptaiasi | ptaiasa | ptaiasē | ptaiaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptaiatō1×πταίει | ptaiate | ptaiati | ptaiata | ptaiatē | ptaiatelē |
| we 1st person plural | ptaianō1×πταίομεν | ptaiane | ptaiani | ptaiana | ptaianē | ptaianelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptaiavō | ptaiave | ptaiavi | ptaiava | ptaiavē | ptaiavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | ptaialō | ptaiale | ptaiali | ptaiala1×ἔπταισαν | ptaialē | ptaialelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 2 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptaiameiō | ptaiameia | ptaiameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | ptaiaseiō | ptaiaseia | ptaiaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptaiateiō | ptaiateia1×πταίσῃ | ptaiateiē |
| we 1st person plural | ptaianeiō | ptaianeia | ptaianeiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptaiaveiō | ptaiaveia1×πταίσητέ | ptaiaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | ptaialeiō | ptaialeia | ptaialeiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | ptaiasōr | ptaiasar | ptaiasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptaiatōr | ptaiatar | ptaiatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptaiavōr | ptaiavar | ptaiavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | ptaialōr | ptaialar | ptaialēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptaiamoiō | ptaiamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | ptaiasoiō | ptaiasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptaiatoiō | ptaiatoia |
| we 1st person plural | ptaianoiō | ptaianoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptaiavoiō | ptaiavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | ptaialoiō | ptaialoia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | ptaiarō | ptaiari | ptaiara | ptaiarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | ptaiarōtos | ptaiaritos | ptaiaratos | ptaiarētos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
ptai is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
5 occurrences, every one of them listed
ptaiatō“stumble”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular1×
James 3:2“stumble”polleim gar ptaianō hapantois. ei tinos en logo ouk ptaiatō, houtos teleios anēros, dunatos chalinagōgara kai holem tem sōmem.We all stumble in many ways. If anyone is never at fault in what he says, he is a perfect man, able to control his whole body.
ptaianō“stumble”happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural1×
James 3:2“stumble”polleim gar ptaianō hapantois. ei tinos en logo ouk ptaiatō, houtos teleios anēros, dunatos chalinagōgara kai holem tem sōmem.We all stumble in many ways. If anyone is never at fault in what he says, he is a perfect man, able to control his whole body.
ptaiala“stumble”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Romans 11:11“stumble”Legamō oun, mē ptaiala hina piptaleia? mē ginetoia; alla te autoiu paraptōme tas sōtērēas tei ethnei, eis tem parazēlara autoin.I ask then, did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Certainly not! However, because of their trespass, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel jealous.
ptaiateia“stumbles”happened · he/she/itaorist active subjunctive 3rd person singular1×
James 2:10“stumbles”hotinos gar holon ton nomon tērateia, ptaiateia de en hene, ginatē panteiu enochos.Whoever keeps the whole law but stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it.
ptaiaveia“stumble”happened · yeaorist active subjunctive 2nd person plural1×
2 Peter 1:10“stumble”dio mallon, adelfoir, spoudazavar bebaian vu tan klēsian kai eklogan poierō; houteim gar poiarōtois ouk mē ptaiaveia pote;Therefore, brothers, strive to make your calling and election sure. For if you practice these things you will never stumble,