verb
timōromō
Strong’sG5097
I punish
stem timōr-2 times in the New Testament2 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
τιμωρέω, -ῶ
(< τιμή + οὖρος, a guardian) [in LXX: Ez 5:17 14:15 (שָׁכֹל pi), Wi 12:20 18:8, al.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G5097 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidtim-o-reh'-o
properly, to protect one's honor, i.e. to avenge (inflict a penalty)
Fromfrom a comparative of G5092 and οὖρος ouros (a guard);
King Jamespunish.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
future -ήσωRefs 5th c.BC+:—middle, future -ήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐτιμωρησάμην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, perfect τετῑμώρημαι Refs 5th c.BC+: used in middle sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐτιμωρήθην Refs 3rd c.BC+:—to be an avenger, exact or seek to exact vengeance for, avenge, τινι Refs 5th c.BC+ uncertain reading in Refs 5th c.BC+ with accusative _of things_, τ. τῷ ἑταίρῳ τὸν φόνον avenge his slaughter, Refs 5th c.BC+ (for τινι) take vengeance for him, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, avenge or seek to avenge one's own relative or friend, πατρὶ πάντα τιμωρουμένης Refs 5th c.BC+ — _impersonal_ in passive, Λεωνίδῃ τετιμώρηται vengeance has been taken for him, he has been avenged, Refs 5th c.BC+, thou wilt have taken vengeance in respect to L., Refs
2 τιμωρεῖν τινα take vengeance on him, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς αὐτοένταςRefs 5th c.BC+, compare 92; Παλαμήδους σε τιμωρεῖ φόνου (variant{φόνον}) is taking vengeance on you for the murder of P., Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be visited with vengeance, punished, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὧν ἡμάρτομεν τετιμωρήμεθα we have been punished, Refs 3rd c.BC+; εἰς τὸ -ηθῆναι αὐτούς Refs —this sense is more frequently in
3 middle, avenge oneself upon, exact vengeance from, τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; Ἑαυτὸν τιμωρούμενος Self-punisher, name of a play by Menander,Refs 5th c.BC+ with genitive _of things_, τιμωρεῖσθαί τινά τινος take vengeance on one for a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ (perhaps ὑπὲρ) τῶν πεπραγμένων Refs 5th c.BC+ less frequently with accusative _of things_, εἰ μή σ᾽ ἀδελφῆς αἷμα τιμωρήσεται will visit his sister's blood on thee, Refs 5th c.BC+
3.b absolutely, avenge oneself, seek vengeance, Refs 5th c.BC+; ταῖς ἐσχάταις τιμωρίαις τ. visit with the extreme penalties, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ τιμωρησόμενον the power to exact vengeance, Refs 4th c.BC+: the crime is sometimes added in a relative clause, τ. εἴ τι.. ἠδίκησαν Refs 5th c.BC+ exact vengeance for Greece, Refs
II especially in present and imperfect, succour one who has been attacked or has suffered injury, help him to retaliate, τινι Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, lend aid, give succour, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.2 of medical aid, τ. τῷ παθήματι relieve it, Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| timōrileiaτιμωρηθῶσιν | happened · theyaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person plural | punished | 1× |
| timōrarōntosτιμωρῶν | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine | punished | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōramō | timōrame | timōrami | timōrama | timōramē | timōramelē |
| you 2nd person singular | timōrasō | timōrase | timōrasi | timōrasa | timōrasē | timōraselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōratō | timōrate | timōrati | timōrata | timōratē | timōratelē |
| we 1st person plural | timōranō | timōrane | timōrani | timōrana | timōranē | timōranelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōravō | timōrave | timōravi | timōrava | timōravē | timōravelē |
| they 3rd person plural | timōralō | timōrale | timōrali | timōrala | timōralē | timōralelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōromō | timōrome | timōromē | timōromelē |
| you 2nd person singular | timōrosō | timōrose | timōrosē | timōroselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōrotō | timōrote | timōrotē | timōrotelē |
| we 1st person plural | timōronō | timōrone | timōronē | timōronelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōrovō | timōrove | timōrovē | timōrovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | timōrolō | timōrole | timōrolē | timōrolelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōrimi | timōrima |
| you 2nd person singular | timōrisi | timōrisa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōriti | timōrita |
| we 1st person plural | timōrini | timōrina |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōrivi | timōriva |
| they 3rd person plural | timōrili | timōrila |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 1 occurrence
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōrameiō | timōrameia | timōrameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | timōraseiō | timōraseia | timōraseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōrateiō | timōrateia | timōrateiē |
| we 1st person plural | timōraneiō | timōraneia | timōraneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōraveiō | timōraveia | timōraveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | timōraleiō | timōraleia | timōraleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōromeiō | timōromeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | timōroseiō | timōroseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōroteiō | timōroteiē |
| we 1st person plural | timōroneiō | timōroneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōroveiō | timōroveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | timōroleiō | timōroleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōrimeia |
| you 2nd person singular | timōriseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōriteia |
| we 1st person plural | timōrineia |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōriveia |
| they 3rd person plural | timōrileia1×τιμωρηθῶσιν |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | timōrasōr | timōrasar | timōrasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōratōr | timōratar | timōratēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōravōr | timōravar | timōravēr |
| they 3rd person plural | timōralōr | timōralar | timōralēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | timōrosōr | timōrosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōrotōr | timōrotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōrovōr | timōrovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | timōrolōr | timōrolēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | timōrisar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōritar |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōrivar |
| they 3rd person plural | timōrilar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōramoiō | timōramoia |
| you 2nd person singular | timōrasoiō | timōrasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōratoiō | timōratoia |
| we 1st person plural | timōranoiō | timōranoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōravoiō | timōravoia |
| they 3rd person plural | timōraloiō | timōraloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōromoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | timōrosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōrotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | timōronoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōrovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | timōroloiō |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | timōrimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | timōrisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | timōritoia |
| we 1st person plural | timōrinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | timōrivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | timōriloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | timōrarō | timōrari | timōrara | timōrarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | timōrorō | timōrorē | ||
| acted on passive voice | timōriri | timōrira |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | timōrarōntos1×τιμωρῶν | timōrarintos | timōrarantos | timōrarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | timōrorōntos | timōrorēntos | ||
| acted on passive voice | timōririntos | timōrirantos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
timōr is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
2 occurrences, every one of them listed
timōrileia“punished”happened · theyaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person plural1×
Acts 22:5… ekeise arōntoin dorēntoin eis Ierousalēm hina timōrileia.… bring them to Jerusalem to be punished.
timōrarōntos“punished”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Acts 26:11kai kata pantain tain sunagōgain pollakis timōrarōntos autoin anankazame blasfēmarō, perissōs tē emmainorōntos …I frequently had them punished in the synagogues, and I tried …