verb
fthonamō
Strong’sG5354
I envy
stem fthon-once in the New Testament1 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
** φθονέω, -ῶ
(< φθόνος), [in LXX: To 4:7, 16 AB *;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G5354 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidfthon-eh'-o
to be jealous of
Fromfrom G5355;
King Jamesenvy.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
aorist ἐφθόνησα, later ἐφθόνεσα LXX+3rd c.AD+:—middle, future in passive sense φθονήσομαι Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, fut φθονηθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐφθονήθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect participle ἐφθονημένος Refs 1st c.AD+: (φθόνος):—bear ill-will or malice, grudge, be envious or jealous,
I absolutely, εἴ περ γὰρ φθονέω τε καὶ οὐκ εἰῶ διαπέρσαι, οὐκ ἀνύω φθονέουσα Refs 8th c.BC+; κρείττων δόξα τῶν φθονούντων too high for envy, Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰ πέφυκε φθονεῖν τὸ θεῖον Refs 4th c.BC+infinitive, οὔτε τινὰ φθονέω δόμεναι I do not grudge that any should give thee, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔφη (i.e. ὁ Σωκράτης) φθονεῖν τοῦς ἐπὶ ταῖς φίλων εὐπραξίαις ἀνιωμένους Refs 5th c.BC+
I.2 with dative person, πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει καὶ ἀοιδὸς ἀοιδῷ Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently with participle added, φ. τινὶ εὖ πρήσσοντι to envy him for his good fortune, Refs 5th c.BC+; without a Noun expressed, καλῶς πράττουσι, πλουτοῦντι φ., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ ἀλλοτρίων φθονέειν to be envious because of other men's goods Refs 8th c.BC+: with dative person et genitive of things, bear a grudge against a person on account of a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+
I.3 resent, with genitive, τῆς δοκήσεως τῶν κερδῶν Refs 5th c.BC+: with dative of things, feel righteous indignation at, ταῖς εὐπραγίαις τινῶν Refs 5th c.BC+
I.3.b φ. τινὶ followed by ει.., or ἐάν.. take it ill or amiss that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; μή μοι φθονήσητ᾽, ει.. Refs 5th c.BC+; φθονεῖς ἄπαις οὖσ᾽, εἰ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; also φ. τινὶ ὅτι.., Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+
II refuse from feelings of envy or ill-will, grudge, with infinitive, οὐκ ἂν φθονέοιμι ἀγορεῦσαι Refs 8th c.BC+; μὴ φθονήσῃς is frequently in dialogue, do not refuse to do a thing, μὴ φ. διδάξαι Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ φθονήσῃς alone, Refs: with participle, μηδέ μοι φθόνει λέγων Refs 4th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, τί φθονέεις.. ἀοιδὸν τέρπει; Refs 8th c.BC+: with dative et infinitive, τῇ δ᾽ οὐκ ἂν φθονέοιμι.. ἅψασθαι Refs 4th c.BC+
II.2 grudge, refuse to grant a thing, φθονήσας μήτ᾽ ἀπ᾽ οἰωνῶν φάτιν, μήτ᾽ εἴ τινα.. μαντικῆς ἔχεις ὁδόν Refs 8th c.BC+: with genitive of things only, to be grudging of a thing, πέπλων, καρποῦ, Refs 5th c.BC+; μηδ᾽ ὀλίγης φθονέσῃς γαίης Refs
III passive, to be envied or begrudged, Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, to be grudged a thing, φ. τοῦ γάμου ὑπὸ δαιμονίου τινός Refs 1st c.AD+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| fthonarōntoisφθονοῦντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | envying | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | fthonamō | fthoname | fthonami | fthonama | fthonamē | fthonamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | fthonasō | fthonase | fthonasi | fthonasa | fthonasē | fthonaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | fthonatō | fthonate | fthonati | fthonata | fthonatē | fthonatelē |
| we 1st person plural | fthonanō | fthonane | fthonani | fthonana | fthonanē | fthonanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | fthonavō | fthonave | fthonavi | fthonava | fthonavē | fthonavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | fthonalō | fthonale | fthonali | fthonala | fthonalē | fthonalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | fthonameiō | fthonameia | fthonameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | fthonaseiō | fthonaseia | fthonaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | fthonateiō | fthonateia | fthonateiē |
| we 1st person plural | fthonaneiō | fthonaneia | fthonaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | fthonaveiō | fthonaveia | fthonaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | fthonaleiō | fthonaleia | fthonaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | fthonasōr | fthonasar | fthonasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | fthonatōr | fthonatar | fthonatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | fthonavōr | fthonavar | fthonavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | fthonalōr | fthonalar | fthonalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | fthonamoiō | fthonamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | fthonasoiō | fthonasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | fthonatoiō | fthonatoia |
| we 1st person plural | fthonanoiō | fthonanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | fthonavoiō | fthonavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | fthonaloiō | fthonaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | fthonarō | fthonari | fthonara | fthonarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | fthonarōntos1× | fthonarintos | fthonarantos | fthonarēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
fthon is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Other words sharing the exact same stem — not merely related in meaning.
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
1 occurrence, every one of them listed
fthonarōntois“envying”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Galatians 5:26mē genoneiō kenodoxois, allēloin prokalorōntois, allēloi fthonarōntois.… us not become conceited, provoking and envying one another.