verb
kakamō
Strong’sG2559
I treat badly
stem kak-6 times in the New Testamentin 2 of 27 books5 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
κακόω, -ῶ
(< κακός), [in LXX chiefly for רעע hi., ענה pi.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G2559 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidkak-o'-o
to injure; figuratively, to exasperate
Fromfrom G2556;
King Jamesmake evil affected, entreat evil, harm, hurt, vex.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
maltreat, distress, in Refs 8th c.BC+ always of persons, κεκακωμένοι ἐν Πύλῳ ἦμεν, ἐλθὼν γάρ ῥ᾽ ἐκάκωσε βίη Ἡρακληείη Refs 8th c.BC+; μηδὲ.. κάκου κεκακωμένον afflict not the afflicted, Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. [θεὸς] δῶμα Refs 5th c.BC+:—in passive, to be in ill plight, be distressed, κεκακωμένος ἅλμῃ befouled with brine, Refs 8th c.BC+
2 of things, spoil, ruin, τὰ κοινά Refs 5th c.BC+; of the air, injure a plant, Refs 4th c.BC+: Astrology texts, render unpropitious, Vett. Val.Refsinjure, paralyse, τὰς ἀρχὰς τῶν νεύρων Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, κακοῦται πᾶν τὸ σκέλος deteriorates, Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| kakaliκακώσουσιν | will happen · theyfuture active indicative 3rd person plural | mistreat | 1× |
| kakataἐκάκωσεν | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | oppressed | 1× |
| kakalaἐκάκωσαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | poisoned | 1× |
| kakaraκακῶσαί | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | harm | 2× |
| kakarintosκακώσων | will happen · subjectfuture active participle nominative singular masculine | harm | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 3 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | kakamō | kakame | kakami | kakama | kakamē | kakamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | kakasō | kakase | kakasi | kakasa | kakasē | kakaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kakatō | kakate | kakati | kakata1×ἐκάκωσεν | kakatē | kakatelē |
| we 1st person plural | kakanō | kakane | kakani | kakana | kakanē | kakanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | kakavō | kakave | kakavi | kakava | kakavē | kakavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | kakalō | kakale | kakali1×κακώσουσιν | kakala1×ἐκάκωσαν | kakalē | kakalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | kakameiō | kakameia | kakameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | kakaseiō | kakaseia | kakaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kakateiō | kakateia | kakateiē |
| we 1st person plural | kakaneiō | kakaneia | kakaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | kakaveiō | kakaveia | kakaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | kakaleiō | kakaleia | kakaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | kakasōr | kakasar | kakasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kakatōr | kakatar | kakatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | kakavōr | kakavar | kakavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | kakalōr | kakalar | kakalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | kakamoiō | kakamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | kakasoiō | kakasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kakatoiō | kakatoia |
| we 1st person plural | kakanoiō | kakanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | kakavoiō | kakavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | kakaloiō | kakaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 2 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | kakarō | kakari | kakara2×κακῶσαί | kakarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | kakarōntos | kakarintos1×κακώσων | kakarantos | kakarēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
kak is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
6 occurrences, every one of them listed
kakali“mistreat”will happen · theyfuture active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Acts 7:6“mistreat”… gēa allotria, kai doulali autem kai kakali eteim tetrakosioi;… a strange land, and that they would be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years.
kakata“oppressed”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Acts 7:19houtos katasofizerantos tem genem nu kakata toin patroin teu poiarō teim brefeim …He exploited our people and oppressed our fathers, forcing them to abandon …
kakala“poisoned”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Acts 14:2tois de apeitharantois Ioudaiois epegerala kai kakala tain psuchain teiu ethneiu kata toiu …… Jews stirred up the Gentiles and poisoned their minds against the brothers.
kakara“harm”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive2×
Acts 12:1“violent”… epibalata Hērōdos tos basilevos tain cheirain kakara tinoin toiu apo tau ekklēsau.… that time, King Herod reached out to harm some who belonged to the church.
Acts 18:10“harm”… su kai oudenos epititheti si teu kakara sin, dioti laos atō mi pollos …… am with you and no one will lay a hand on you, because I have many people in this …
kakarintos“harm”will happen · subjectfuture active participle nominative singular masculine1×
1 Peter 3:13Kai tinos tos kakarintos vin ean teu agatheu zēlōtois geneveia?Who can harm you if you are zealous for …