adverb
malista
Strong’sG3122
most of all, especially
stem malist-12 times in the New Testamentin 8 of 27 booksnever changes form
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
μάλιστα is the superlative form of μάλα, meaning most of all, especially, above all 1234. It expresses the highest degree of something, marking out one thing as foremost or most particularly true among others 23.
The word is also used with numbers to mean about, approximately, giving a round figure rather than an exact count 3. In addition, it can stand alone in answers as a strong affirmation, meaning "certainly" or "yes indeed" 3.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
μάλιστα, v.s. μάλα.
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G3122 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidmal'-is-tah
(adverbially) most (in the greatest degree) or particularly
Fromneuter plural of the superlative of an apparently primary adverb μάλα (very);
King Jameschiefly, most of all, (e-)specially.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
but Refs 8th c.BC+ sometimes uses the ultima long before λ, Refs 8th c.BC+; before μ, Refs adverb very, exceedingly, prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs:
1 strengthening the word with which it stands,
1.a with adjectives, in Refs 8th c.BC+ very many, Refs 8th c.BC+; μ. πᾶσα, μ. πάντα, every one, all together, Refs 8th c.BC+; μάλ᾽ ἀσκηθής all unhurt, Refs; ἀβληχρὸς μ. τοῖος quite gentle, Refs; σαρδάνιον μ. τοῖον a quite sardonic smile,Refs; ἐμέο πρότερος μ. actually before me, Refs 8th c.BC+; later, μ. φιλόσοφοι, πλάτανος μάλ᾽ ἀμφιλαφής, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+ very old, Refs 5th c.BC+
1.b with Advs., πάγχυ μ., μ. πάγχυ, quite utterly, Refs 8th c.BC+; εὖ μ. right well, Refs 8th c.BC+; μάλ᾽ αὐτίκα (see. αὐτίκα); μάλ᾽ αἰεί for ever and aye, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄχρι μ. κνέφαος until quite dark, Refs 8th c.BC+; μάλ᾽ ὧδε just in this way, Refs; μ. διαμπερές right through, Refs 8th c.BC+; μ. μόλις (see. μόλις); to express repeated action, μάλ᾽ αὖθις Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. alone, ἔα, ἔα μ. Refs 8th c.BC+
1.c with Verbs, μήτ᾽ ἄρ με μάλ᾽ αἴνεε Refs 8th c.BC+; ἡ δὲ μάλ᾽ ἡνιόχευεν drove carefully, Refs 8th c.BC+; μ... προπέμπει in earnest, Refs 5th c.BC+
2 strengthening an assertion, νῦν σε μ. χρὴ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι, i.e. now or never, Refs 8th c.BC+; τῷ κε μάλ᾽ ἤ κεν μεῖνε.. then doubtless he would have stayed, Refs 8th c.BC+; σοὶ δὲ μάλ᾽ ἕψομ᾽ ἐγώ yes indeed.., Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλὰ μάλ᾽ ὤφελλες why plainly.., Refs 8th c.BC+.. now in very truth, Refs 8th c.BC+
3 in Refs 8th c.BC+ if wrath come on him ever so much, Refs 8th c.BC+; also μ. περ with participle, μ. περ μεμαώς though desiring never so much, Refs; καὶ μ. περ Refs 8th c.BC+
4 in Attic dialect frequently in answers, yes, certainly, μ. γε Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ μ. ἐπαύσατο certainly it stopped, Refs
II comparative μᾶλλον [ᾱ by nature, Hdn.Gr.Refsμάλιον [ᾰ] only in Refs 7th c.BC+; late Doric dialect μαλλότερον Refs 5th c.AD+:—more, rather, Refs 8th c.BC+ more than is expedient, Refs 5th c.BC+; παντὸς μ. most assuredly, Refs 5th c.BC+: denoting a constant increase, more and more, sometimes doubled, μ. μ. Refs 5th c.BC+: in positive sense, exceedingly, κηρόθι μ. Refs 8th c.BC+ —Usage:
II.1 frequently strengthened by other words, πολὺ μ. NT+8th c.BC+ somewhat more, μ. τι περιημέκτεε Refs 5th c.BC+
II.2 sometimes with a second comparative, ῥηΐτεροι μ. Refs 8th c.BC+
II.3 μᾶλλον δέ much more.., or rather.., to correct a statement already made, ὁ δεσπότης πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μ. δ᾽ ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχὶ μ. ἤ.. not so, but rather so.., Refs 5th c.BC+
II.4 μ. δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα more or less violent, Refs
II.5 οὐδὲν μ. none the more,Refs 5th c.BC+; μηδέν τι μ. ἤ.. Refs 5th c.BC+
II.6 μ. ἤ.. followed by οὐ in comparisons, where preference implies rejection or denial, πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἤ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους Refs 5th c.BC+: preceded by another negative, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.7 τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον, a form of argument, a fortiori, Refs 4th c.BC+
II.8 παντὸς μ., see at {πᾶς} Refs
III superlative μάλιστα most of all, above all, Refs 8th c.BC+; μ. μὲν.., ἔπειτα or ἔπειτα δέ.., first and above all.., next.., Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. μὲν.., δεύτερον δὲ.. Refs 4th c.BC+; μ. μὲν.., εἰ δὲ μὴ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μάλιστα μὲν.., μᾶλλον μέντοι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μάλιστα.., εἰ μὴ δ᾽.. Refs 5th c.BC+; δοκέων μιν μ. ταύτης ἂν πείθεσθαι certainly, Refs 5th c.BC+; τί μ.; what precisely? Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ μ. πάντων the supreme reality, Refs 3rd c.AD+; τὸ μ. εἶναι the highest degree of being, Refs
III.1 strengthened, ὡς μ. certainly, Refs 5th c.BC+
III.2 with the Article, ἐς τὰ μ. in the highest degree, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ τὰ μ. ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς if they were ever so true, Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰ τὰ μ. μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες.. if (to put an extreme case) not some, but all.., Refs; ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ. as famous as he that is most [famous], Refs 5th c.BC+
III.2.b ἐν τοῖς μ. especially, as much as any, Refs 5th c.BC+: with a superlative, ἐν τοῖς μ. ὠμότατος Refs 2nd c.AD+
III.3 added to a superlative (see. μάλα Refs 8th c.BC+
III.4 μάλιστα for μᾶλλον, μ. τῆς κόρης Refs 5th c.BC+
III.5 with numerals, in round numbers, about, Refs 5th c.BC+; πεντήκοντα μάλισταRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐς μέσον μάλιστά κῃ about the middle, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦντας that they were about the middle of supper, Refs 5th c.BC+
III.6 in answers, most certainly, Refs 5th c.BC+. (Orig. perhaps fiercely, compare μαλερός.)
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
12 occurrences, every one of them listed
malista12×
Acts 20:38“most of all”odunorōntois malista epi to logo ho legatelē hoti …… by his statement that they would …
Acts 25:26… dio proagama auton epi vu kai malista epi su, basilevor Agrippor, hopōs tau …… him before all of you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that …
Acts 26:3malista gnōstēon arōnton sin panteiu teiu kata …especially since you are acquainted with all …
Galatians 6:10… echanō, ergazoneiō tem agathem pros pantoin, malista de pros toin oikeioin tau pistiau.… us do good to everyone, and especially to the family of faith.
Philippians 4:22aspazolō vin pantois tois hagiois, malista de tois ek tau Kaisarou oikiau.All the saints send you greetings, especially those from the household of Caesar.
1 Timothy 4:10… zōarōnto, hos atō sōtēros pantoiu anthrōpoiu, malista pistoiu.… is the Savior of everyone, and especially of those who believe.
1 Timothy 5:8ei de tinos toiu idioiu kai malista oikeioiu ouk pronoatō, tan pistian arnotē …… not provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied …
1 Timothy 5:17… kalōs prostēarēntois presbuterois diplouau timau axiolōr, malista tois kopiarōntois en logo kai didaskalia;… effectively are worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching …
2 Timothy 4:13… Karpo, erchorōntos ferasōr, kai teim biblieim, malista tain membranain.… Carpus at Troas, and my scrolls, especially the parchments.
Titus 1:10… pollois kai anupotaktois, mataiologois kai frenapatois, malista tois ek tau peritomau,… full of empty talk and deception, especially those of the circumcision,
Philemon 1:16… doulon alla huper doulon, adelfon agapēton, malista mi, pose de mallon si kai …… as a beloved brother. He is especially beloved to me, but even more …
2 Peter 2:10“especially”malista de toin opisō sarkau en epithumia …… reserved for those who indulge the corrupt desires of the flesh and despise authority …