noun · neuter
penthem
Strong’sG3997
mourning, sorrow
stem penth-5 times in the New Testamentin 2 of 27 books1 of 6 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
πένθος, -ους, τό,
[in LXX chiefly for אֵבֶל;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G3997 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidpen'-thos
grief
Fromstrengthened from the alternate of G3958;
King Jamesmourning, sorrow.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
grief, sorrow, Refs 8th c.BC+; τινος for one, Refs 8th c.BC+; Τρῶας λάβε π. Refs 8th c.BC+
2 especially of grief for the dead, mourning, τοκεῦσι γόον καὶ π. ἔθηκας Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ποιήσασθαι make a public mourning, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν πένθει [εἶναι] Refs 5th c.BC+; π. λύεσθαι, ἀποθέσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+
II unhappy event, misfortune, π. τινός one's illfortune, Refs 5th c.BC+
III of a person, a misery, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἔδωκε φέρειν, i. e. the body, Refsfuture of πάσχω, perfect πείσονθα, Lithuanian kenčiù 'suffer', pa-kantà 'patience'; πενθ- is reduced to πṇθ- (παθ-) in αἰνο-παθής, etc.)
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
Every form this word takes in Biblang, with the Greek it corresponds to and how often the New Testament uses it.
| Job in the sentence case | one singular | more than one plural |
|---|---|---|
| subject or object direct | penthem2×πένθος | pentheim |
| of, belonging to genitive | pentheu | pentheiu |
| to, for dative | penthe | penthei |
Tinted cells are forms the New Testament never uses, so there is no Greek to show against them — but they are still correct Biblang, built from the slots below like any other.
Why these forms, and no others — the slots that make them
penthe is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Other words sharing the exact same stem — not merely related in meaning.
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
5 occurrences, every one of them listed
penthem“mourning”subject or objectdirect singular2×
Revelation 18:8“mourning”… hēkali tais plēgais autau, thanatos kai penthem kai limos, kai en pure katakaiiti; …Therefore her plagues will come in one day — death and grief and famine — and she will be consumed by fire, for mighty …
Revelation 21:4… tos thanatos ouk eti ēti; oute penthem oute kraugas oute ponos ouk eti …… will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the …
penthem3×
James 4:9… kai klaiavar; tos gelōtos vu eis penthem metatrepitar kai tas charas eis katēfeian;… and weep. Turn your laughter to mourning, and your joy to gloom.
Revelation 18:7“mourning”… strēniata, tosouton dōavar auta basanismon kai penthem. hoti en ta kardia autau legatō …… and lived in luxury, give her the same measure of torment and grief. In her heart she says, ‘I sit …
Revelation 18:7“mourning”… basilissas, kai chēras ouk amō, kai penthem ouk mē horameia.… sit as queen; I am not a widow and will never see grief.’