Biblangbeta

verb

penthamō

Greekπενθέω (pentheō)

Strong’sG3996

I mourn, lament

stem penth-10 times in the New Testamentin 7 of 27 books8 forms occur

Translated as

mournmourningmourned

What it means

πενθέω, -ῶ,

[in LXX chiefly for אבל;]

to mourn (for), lament;
(a) intrans.: Mt 5:4 (5) 9:15, I Co 5:2; π. καὶ κλαίειν, Mt 16:10, Lk 6:25, Ja 4:9, Re 18:15, 19; seq. ἐπί, c. acc., Re 18:11;
(b) trans., c. acc., II Co 12:21.†

SYN.: v.s. θρηνέω.

G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.

Strong’s G3996 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from

Saidpen-theh'-o

to grieve (the feeling or the act)

Fromfrom G3997;

King Jamesmourn, (be-)wail.

James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.

Forms in the New Testament

Form and the Greek behind itWhat it isUsuallyTimes
penthalōπενθοῦσινhappening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person pluralmourn
penthaviπενθήσετεwill happen · yefuture active indicative 2nd person pluralmourn
penthavaἐπενθήσατεhappened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person pluralmourned
penthameiaπενθήσωhappened · Iaorist active subjunctive 1st person singularmourn
penthavarπενθήσατεhappened · yeaorist active imperative 2nd person pluralmourn
pentharōπενθεῖνhappening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitivemourn
pentharōtoisπενθοῦντεςhappening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculinemourning
pentharōtoiπενθοῦσιhappening now · to, forpresent active participle dative plural masculinemourning

Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.

Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 3 occurrences
Who personhappening now presentwas happening imperfectwill happen futurehappened aoristhas happened perfecthad happened pluperfect
I 1st person singularpenthamōpenthamepenthamipenthamapenthamēpenthamelē
you 2nd person singularpenthasōpenthasepenthasipenthasapenthasēpenthaselē
he/she/it 3rd person singularpenthatōpenthatepenthatipenthatapenthatēpenthatelē
we 1st person pluralpenthanōpenthanepenthanipenthanapenthanēpenthanelē
ye 2nd person pluralpenthavōpenthavepenthaviπενθήσετεpenthavaἐπενθήσατεpenthavēpenthavelē
they 3rd person pluralpenthalōπενθοῦσινpenthalepenthalipenthalapenthalēpenthalelē
May, might — subjunctive mood, 1 occurrence
Who personhappening now presenthappened aoristhas happened perfect
I 1st person singularpenthameiōpenthameiaπενθήσωpenthameiē
you 2nd person singularpenthaseiōpenthaseiapenthaseiē
he/she/it 3rd person singularpenthateiōpenthateiapenthateiē
we 1st person pluralpenthaneiōpenthaneiapenthaneiē
ye 2nd person pluralpenthaveiōpenthaveiapenthaveiē
they 3rd person pluralpenthaleiōpenthaleiapenthaleiē
Commands — imperative mood, 1 occurrence
Who personhappening now presenthappened aoristhas happened perfect
you 2nd person singularpenthasōrpenthasarpenthasēr
he/she/it 3rd person singularpenthatōrpenthatarpenthatēr
ye 2nd person pluralpenthavōrpenthavarπενθήσατεpenthavēr
they 3rd person pluralpenthalōrpenthalarpenthalēr
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
Who personhappening now presenthappened aorist
I 1st person singularpenthamoiōpenthamoia
you 2nd person singularpenthasoiōpenthasoia
he/she/it 3rd person singularpenthatoiōpenthatoia
we 1st person pluralpenthanoiōpenthanoia
ye 2nd person pluralpenthavoiōpenthavoia
they 3rd person pluralpenthaloiōpenthaloia
The “to …” form — infinitive, 1 occurrence
Who is acting voicehappening now presentwill happen futurehappened aoristhas happened perfect
the subject acts active voicepentharōπενθεῖνpentharipentharapentharē
Used as an adjective — participle, 4 occurrences
Who is acting voicehappening now presentwill happen futurehappened aoristhas happened perfect
the subject acts active voicepentharōtospentharitospentharatospentharētos

Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.

How every form is built — the slots that make them
penthstem+aeiwho is acting voice+mstnvlwho person+eiroistatement, command, wish mood+ōeiaēelēwhen tense+tthen it declines+ogender+sits job in the sentence case

penth is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.

same in every form varies — every value shown

Words built on the same stem

penthem — πένθος, mourning, sorrow

Where it appears

10 occurrences, every one of them listed

penthalō“mourn”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural

Revelation 18:11“mourn”Kai tois emporois tau gēau klaialō kai penthalō epi autan, hoti ton gomon autoiu oudenos agorazatō ouketi,And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, because there is no one left to buy their cargo —

penthavi“mourn”will happen · yefuture active indicative 2nd person plural

Luke 6:25“mourn”ouai vi, toir empimplēirētoir nun, hoti peinavi. ouai, toir gelarōtoir nun, hoti penthavi kai klaiavi.Woe to you who are well fed now, for you will hunger. Woe to you who laugh now, for you will mourn and weep.

penthava“mourned”happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural

1 Corinthians 5:2“mourned”kai vis fusiirētois avō, kai ouchi mallon penthava, hina airiteia ek meseu vu tos tem ergem houtem poiaratos?And you are proud! Shouldn’t you rather have been stricken with grief and have removed from your fellowship the man who did this?

penthameia“mourn”happened · Iaorist active subjunctive 1st person singular

2 Corinthians 12:21“mourn”mē palin ercharatou mu tapeinateia min tos theos mu pros vin, kai penthameia polloin toiu proamartanarētoiu kai mē metanoaratoiu epi ta akatharsia kai porneia kai aselgeia ha prassala.I am afraid that when I come again, my God will humble me before you, and I will be grieved over many who have sinned earlier and have not repented of their acts of impurity, sexual immorality, and debauchery.

penthavar“mourn”happened · yeaorist active imperative 2nd person plural

James 4:9“mourn”talaipōravar kai penthavar kai klaiavar; tos gelōtos vu eis penthem metatrepitar kai tas charas eis katēfeian;Grieve, mourn, and weep. Turn your laughter to mourning, and your joy to gloom.

pentharō“mourn”happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive

Matthew 9:15“mourn”kai legata autoi tos Iēsus; Mē dunelō tois huiois tou numfōnou pentharō epi hoson meta autoiu atō tos numfios? ercheli de hēmerais hotan apairiteia apo autoiu tos numfios, kai tote nēsteuali.Jesus replied, “How can the guests of the bridegroom mourn while He is with them? But the time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast.

pentharōtois“mourning”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine

Matthew 5:4“mourn”makariois tois pentharōtois, hoti autois parakalili.Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.

Revelation 18:15“mourning”tois emporois houteiu, tois ploutaratois apo autau, apo makrothen histaneli dia ton fobon tou basanismou autau klaiarōtois kai pentharōtois,The merchants who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will stand at a distance, in fear of her torment. They will weep and mourn,

Revelation 18:19“mourning”kai ballala chouon epi tain kefalain autoiu kai krazala klaiarōtois kai pentharōtois legarōtois; Ouai ouai, tas politas tas megas, en ha ploutala pantois tois echarōtois teim ploieim en ta thalassa ek tau timiotau autau, hoti hena hōra erēmita.Then they will throw dust on their heads as they weep and mourn and cry out: “Woe, woe to the great city, where all who had ships on the sea were enriched by her wealth! For in a single hour she has been destroyed.”

pentharōtoi“mourning”happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative plural masculine

Mark 16:10“mourning”ekeinas poreuiratas apangellata toi meta autou gineratoi pentharōtoi kai klaiarōtoi;She went and told those who had been with Him, who were mourning and weeping.