pikros

Strong’sG4089

bitter, acrid, malignant

stem pikr-2 times in the New Testament2 of 26 forms occur

What it means

What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.

πικρός, -ά, -όν

(poët. in cl.), [in LXX chiefly for מַר;]

1. sharp, pointed.

2. sharp to the senses; of taste, bitter: opp. to γλυκύ, Ja 3:11; metaph., harsh, bitter: Ja 3:14.

G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.

Strong’s G4089 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from

Saidpik-ros'

sharp (pungent), i.e. acrid (literally or figuratively)

Fromperhaps from G4078 (through the idea of piercing);

King Jamesbitter.

James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.

Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in

πικρός, ά, όν,
poetry also ός, όν Refs 8th c.BC+:—properly pointed, sharp, keen, ὀϊστός Refs 8th c.BC+
II generally, sharp to the sense:
II.1 of taste, pungent, ῥίζα Refs 8th c.BC+; of salt water, opposed to γλυκύς, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; πριγλία π. Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἀπ᾽ ὄμφακος πικρᾶς Refs 4th c.BC+; ὑγρότης π., opposed to ὀξεῖα, Refs 4th c.BC+; also of smell, pungent, Refs 8th c.BC+
II.2 of feeling, sharp, keen, ὠδῖνες Refs 8th c.BC+
II.3 of sound, piercing, shrill, οἰμωγά Refs; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, Refs 5th c.BC+
III metaphorically,
III.1 of things, bitter, especially of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, frequently in threats, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι (variant{ἴδηαι}) Refs 8th c.BC+; τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες, Refs 5th c.BC+; δύαι, χεῖμα, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ Refs 4th c.BC+
III.2 so of persons, probably in Refs 7th c.BC+; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. Refs 6th c.BC+; π. θεοῖς hateful to them, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, Refs 5th c.BC+; δαίμων π., of untimely death (Latin acerbus), Refs
III.3 embittered, angry, πικρὰ ὄρνις Refs 5th c.BC+
III.4 relentless, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης Refs 5th c.BC+; spiteful, mean, vindictive, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν Refs 4th c.BC+: in Comedy texts of old men, σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός Refs 4th c.BC+ adverb -ρῶς pedantically, Refs 1st c.BC+; with rigid accuracy, Refs 1st c.BC+
IV adverb -ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, NT+5th c.BC+: comparative -ότερονRefs 4th c.BC+: superlative -όταταRefs 8th c.BC+ and Epic dialect; ῐ frequently in Trag., as Refs 5th c.BC+: ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.]

H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.

Translated as

Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.

bitter2×

Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.

Biblang forms

Every form this word takes in Biblang, with the Greek it corresponds to and how often the New Testament uses it.

Job in the sentence case	masculine singular	feminine singular	neuter singular	masculine plural	feminine plural	neuter plural
subject nominative	pikros	pikras	pikrem1×πικρόν	pikrois	pikrais	pikreim
object accusative	pikron1×πικρὸν	pikran		pikroin	pikrain
direct address vocative	pikror	pikrar		pikroir	pikrair
of, belonging to genitive	pikrou	pikrau	pikreu	pikroiu	pikraiu	pikreiu
to, for dative	pikro	pikra	pikre	pikroi	pikrai	pikrei

Tinted cells are forms the New Testament never uses, so there is no Greek to show against them — but they are still correct Biblang, built from the slots below like any other.

Why these forms, and no others — the slots that make them

pikrstem+oaegender+smnru—its job in the sentence case+—ione · more than one number

pikr is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.

same in every form varies — every value shown

Where it appears

Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.

2 occurrences, every one of them listed

pikron“bitter”objectaccusative singular1×

James 3:14ei de zēlon pikron echavō kai eritheian en ta kardia …But if you harbor bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your …

pikrem“bitter”subject or objectdirect singular1×

James 3:11“bitter”… opau bruatō tem glukuem kai tem pikrem?Can both fresh water and salt water flow from the same spring?