adverb
pikrōs
Strong’sG4090
bitterly
stem pikrō-2 times in the New Testamentin 2 of 27 booksnever changes form
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
πικρῶς,
adv.(< πικρός), [in LXX for מַר, מרר pi.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4090 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidpik-roce'
bitterly, i.e. (figuratively) violently
Fromadverb from G4089;
King Jamesbitterly.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
poetry also ός, όν Refs 8th c.BC+:—properly pointed, sharp, keen, ὀϊστός Refs 8th c.BC+
II generally, sharp to the sense:
II.1 of taste, pungent, ῥίζα Refs 8th c.BC+; of salt water, opposed to γλυκύς, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; πριγλία π. Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἀπ᾽ ὄμφακος πικρᾶς Refs 4th c.BC+; ὑγρότης π., opposed to ὀξεῖα, Refs 4th c.BC+; also of smell, pungent, Refs 8th c.BC+
II.2 of feeling, sharp, keen, ὠδῖνες Refs 8th c.BC+
II.3 of sound, piercing, shrill, οἰμωγά Refs; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, Refs 5th c.BC+
III metaphorically,
III.1 of things, bitter, especially of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, frequently in threats, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι (variant{ἴδηαι}) Refs 8th c.BC+; τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες, Refs 5th c.BC+; δύαι, χεῖμα, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ Refs 4th c.BC+
III.2 so of persons, probably in Refs 7th c.BC+; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. Refs 6th c.BC+; π. θεοῖς hateful to them, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, Refs 5th c.BC+; δαίμων π., of untimely death (Latin acerbus), Refs
III.3 embittered, angry, πικρὰ ὄρνις Refs 5th c.BC+
III.4 relentless, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης Refs 5th c.BC+; spiteful, mean, vindictive, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν Refs 4th c.BC+: in Comedy texts of old men, σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός Refs 4th c.BC+ adverb -ρῶς pedantically, Refs 1st c.BC+; with rigid accuracy, Refs 1st c.BC+
IV adverb -ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, NT+5th c.BC+: comparative -ότερονRefs 4th c.BC+: superlative -όταταRefs 8th c.BC+ and Epic dialect; ῐ frequently in Trag., as Refs 5th c.BC+: ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.]
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
2 occurrences, every one of them listed
pikrōs2×
Matthew 26:75… aparnesi min, kai exercharantos exō klaiata pikrōs.… And he went outside and wept bitterly.
Luke 22:62kai exercharantos exō klaiata pikrōs.And he went outside and wept bitterly.