verb
prokalomō
Strong’sG4292
I provoke, stimulate
stem prokal-once in the New Testament1 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
** προ-καλέω, -ῶ,
[in LXX: II Mac 8:11 A*;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4292 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
call forth, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 2nd c.BC+; to be evoked, Refs 4th c.BC+
B mostly middle, call out to fight, challenge, Αἴας δὲ πρῶτος προκαλέσσατο Refs 8th c.BC+; so, later, π. εἰς ἀγῶνα Refs 5th c.BC+; ταῦτα π. τοὺς συνόντας thus.., Refs 5th c.BC+; challenge to drink, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τινὰ συμπαίζει; συγγυμνάζεσθαι, Refs 6th c.BC+ of one who challenges another in his own department, Refs 4th c.BC+
B.2 invite or summon, τινὰ ἐς λόγους Refs 5th c.BC+; [ἰχθῦς] πρὸς τὴν θήραν π. entice them out, Refs 4th c.BC+; πρὸς αὑτόν τινας endeavour to attach them to oneself, Refs 2nd c.BC+
B.3 with accusative et infinitive, invite one to do.., Refs 5th c.BC+; of things, αὐτὰ (i.e. τὰ πράγματα) προκαλεῖται παρασκευάζειν τι invite, admonish, Refs 4th c.BC+ with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+
B.4 absolutely, αὐτῶν προκαλεσαμένων at or after their invitation,Refs 5th c.BC+; appeal, προκαλεῖσθαι περί τινος ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους Refs 2nd c.BC+
B.II with accusative of things, offer, propose, δίκην Refs 5th c.BC+ offer them peace, Refs 5th c.BC+
B.II.2 law-term, make an offer or challenge to the opponent for bringing about a decision, e.g. for submitting the case to arbitration, letting slaves be put to the torture, etc., προκαλοῦνται πρόκλησιν ἡμᾶς Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative person, challenge him, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τινά τι make one an offer, Refs 4th c.BC+infinitive, π. τὴν μητέρα ὀμόσαι offer that she should take an oath, Refs: with infinitive only, π. ἐθέλειν ἐπιδεῖξαι Refs —passive, π. περὶ Ἐπιδάμνου ἐς κρίσιν Th.l.34.
B.III call up or forth, εὐγένειαν Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| prokalorōntoisπροκαλούμενοι | happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle nominative plural masculine | provoking | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 54, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | prokalomō | prokalome | prokalomē | prokalomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | prokalosō | prokalose | prokalosē | prokaloselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | prokalotō | prokalote | prokalotē | prokalotelē |
| we 1st person plural | prokalonō | prokalone | prokalonē | prokalonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | prokalovō | prokalove | prokalovē | prokalovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | prokalolō | prokalole | prokalolē | prokalolelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | prokalomeiō | prokalomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | prokaloseiō | prokaloseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | prokaloteiō | prokaloteiē |
| we 1st person plural | prokaloneiō | prokaloneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | prokaloveiō | prokaloveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | prokaloleiō | prokaloleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | prokalosōr | prokalosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | prokalotōr | prokalotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | prokalovōr | prokalovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | prokalolōr | prokalolēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | prokalomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | prokalosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | prokalotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | prokalonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | prokalovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | prokaloloiō |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | prokalorō | prokalorē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | prokalorōntos1× | prokalorēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
prokal is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
1 occurrence, every one of them listed
prokalorōntois“provoking”happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle nominative plural masculine1×
Galatians 5:26mē genoneiō kenodoxois, allēloin prokalorōntois, allēloi fthonarōntois.Let us not become conceited, provoking and envying one another.