verb
protithomō
Strong’sG4388
I purpose, design beforehand
stem protith-3 times in the New Testamentin 2 of 27 books2 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
προ-τίθημι,
[in LXX: Ex 40:4, 23, Le 24:8 (ערךְ) Ps 53 (54):3 (שׂוּם), etc.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4388 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
(also thematic forms, 3rd.pers. singular προτιθεῖ Refs 5th c.BC+, 3rd.pers. plural προτιθεῖσι Refs, future -θήσωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist προὔθηκα Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle (see. below):—passive, aorist 1 προὐτέθην Refs 5th c.BC+; but present and imperfect passive are usually supplied by πρόκειμαι:—set before, set out, especially of meals, τραπέζας νίζον καὶ πρότιθεν (Epic dialect for προὐτίθεσαν) Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, set before oneself, have set before one, δαῖτα Refs 1st c.AD+; also προτίθεσθαί τισι ἄριστον cause it to be set before them, Refs 5th c.BC+
b π. τινὰ κυσίν throw him to the dogs, Refs 8th c.BC+; τινὰ θηρσὶν ἁρπαγὴν π. Refs 5th c.BC+
c hand over for burial, τινά τινι Refs 5th c.BC+
2 expose a child, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ὁ θανάτῳ προτεθείς Refs 5th c.BC+
3 set up, institute, propose, especially of contests, ἅμιλλαν λόγων Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄπορον αἵρεσιν offer a choice, Refs 5th c.BC+
3.b set up as a mark or prize, στέφανόν τισι τῶν ἀγώνων Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, προὐτέθην ἐγὼ ἆθλον.. δορός Refs 5th c.BC+
3.c set as a penalty, θάνατον ζημίαν π. Refs 5th c.BC+; τιμωρίας ἔτι μείζους οὐ μέχρι τοῦ δικαίουRefs 5th c.BC+
4 fix, set, ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα οὖρον τῆς ζόης ἀνθρώπῳ π. Refs —middle; οὖρον π. ἐνιαυτόνRefs
5 appoint as a task or duty, τινί τι Refs 5th c.BC+; δμῳαῖς π. πένθος οἰκεῖον στένεινRefs 5th c.BC+:—middle, propose to oneself as a task or object, ὅπερ προὐθέμεθα σκέψασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+
5.b middle, with future infinitive, propose to oneself, intend, προτεθειμένου κατοικήσειν ἐνταῦθα Refs 2nd c.BC+
6 middle, also, put forth on one's own part, display, show, εὐλάβειαν Refs 5th c.BC+
7 middle, θνητοὺς ἐν οἴκτῳ προθέμενος setting before oneself in pity, feeling compassion for, Refs 4th c.BC+
8 advance money, Refs 3rd c.BC+; τὸ διδόμενον ἆθλον ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου αὐτὸς προέθηκεν ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου Refs 1st c.BC+; τισὶν τῶν πολιτῶν εἰς λύτρα προτιθείς Refs 2nd c.BC+
II π. νεκρόν lay out a dead body, let it lie in state, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.2 set out wares for show or sale, Refs 2nd c.AD+
II.3 display a public notice, τὸ λεύκωμα πρὸ τοῦ ναοῦ Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς τῆς οἰκίας π. ἐν λευκώματι Refs 2nd c.BC+; τὸ ὑπογεγραμμένον ἔκθεμα Refs 1st c.AD+; notify publicly, τοὺς [προέδρους] προτιθέναι περὶ ὧν δεῖ βουλεύεσθαι Refs 4th c.BC+; περὶ ὧν.. οἱ ἄρχοντες προτίθεισι Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰς πράξεις (exactions).. τῶν προτιθεμένων (passive) κατὰ τὰς ἐγγραφάς Refs 4th c.BC+; call a case for trial by means of a public notice, τῶν κατ᾽ αὐτοὺς προτεθέντων Refs 2nd c.BC+; οἱ προτεθέντες ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ καὶ μὴ ὑπακούσαντες ἴστωσαν ὅτι.. Refs 1st c.AD+; advertise for sale or other purpose, Refs 2nd c.BC+; τοῖς συλλημψομένοις ὑμῖν γέρα προτιθέντα advertising rewards to those of you who apprehend (robbers), Refs 3rd c.AD+
II.4 propose, bring forward a thing to be examined and debated, also give an opportunity for debate, voting, ἐς μέσον σφι π. πρῆγμα Refs 5th c.BC+; π. λόγον (i.e. εἰς ἐκκλησίαν) Refs 5th c.BC+; γνώμας π. αὖθις Ἀθηναίοις, of the Prytanes, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὴν διαγνώμην αὖθις περὶ ΜυτιληναίωνRefs 5th c.BC+; π. βουλὴν εἴτε.. εἴτε.. Refs 5th c.BC+; προθεῖναι αὖθις περὶ Μυτιληναίων λέγειν propose a discussion about.., Refs 5th c.BC+; π. αὐτοῖς κρίσιν appoint a trial for them, Refs 5th c.BC+ has proposed (or initiated) a recital of what each has done, Refs 5th c.BC+: with dative person et infinitive, Refs: with accusative et infinitive, π. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι τὸν βουλόμενον Refs:—middle, ἤν τις προθῆται ψῆφον, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι τὸν νόμον τοῦτον Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, οὐ προὐτέθη σφίσι λόγος speech was not allowed them, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.5 convene a meeting, προὔθεσαν οἱ πρυτάνεις ἐκκλησίαν Refs 2nd c.AD+:—middle, σύγκλητον τήνδε γερόντων προὔθετο λέσχην Refs 5th c.BC+
III put forward, as one foot before the other, βραδύπουν ἤλυσιν ἄρθρων Refs 5th c.BC+
III.2 hold out as a pretext, αἰτίαν Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, τὴν συγγένειαν Refs 2nd c.BC+
IV put before or first, προτιθέντι ἀνάγκη.. λέγειν, opposed to ἐπιλέγοντι, Refs 5th c.BC+; set down first in writing, προθεὶς ἄρχοντα Νικόμαχόν φησιν οὕτως· ἐπὶ τούτου κτλ.” Refs 1st c.BC+ in D.Refs 2nd c.AD+:— middle, put in front, τοὺς γροσφομάχους Refs 2nd c.BC+; premise, λόγον Refs:—passive, τὸ μὴ καὶ τὸ οὒ προτιθέμενα τῶν ἐπιόντων ὀνομάτων Refs 5th c.BC+
IV.2 put before or over, πρόσθεν ὀμμάτων πέπλον π. Refs 5th c.BC+:— middle, Refs 5th c.BC+
IV.3 prefer one to another, τί τινος Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, πάρος τοὐμοῦ πόθου προὔθεντο τὴν τυραννίδα Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| protithemaπροεθέμην | happened · Iaorist middle indicative 1st person singular | planned | 1× |
| protithetaπροέθετο | happened · he/she/itaorist middle indicative 3rd person singular | purposed | 2× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 3 occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protithomō | protithome | protithomē | protithomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | protithosō | protithose | protithosē | protithoselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protithotō | protithote | protithotē | protithotelē |
| we 1st person plural | protithonō | protithone | protithonē | protithonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | protithovō | protithove | protithovē | protithovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | protitholō | protithole | protitholē | protitholelē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protithemi | protithema1×προεθέμην |
| you 2nd person singular | protithesi | protithesa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protitheti | protitheta2×προέθετο |
| we 1st person plural | protitheni | protithena |
| ye 2nd person plural | protithevi | protitheva |
| they 3rd person plural | protitheli | protithela |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protithomeiō | protithomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | protithoseiō | protithoseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protithoteiō | protithoteiē |
| we 1st person plural | protithoneiō | protithoneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | protithoveiō | protithoveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | protitholeiō | protitholeiē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protithemeia |
| you 2nd person singular | protitheseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protitheteia |
| we 1st person plural | protitheneia |
| ye 2nd person plural | protitheveia |
| they 3rd person plural | protitheleia |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | protithosōr | protithosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protithotōr | protithotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | protithovōr | protithovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | protitholōr | protitholēr |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | protithesar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protithetar |
| ye 2nd person plural | protithevar |
| they 3rd person plural | protithelar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protithomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | protithosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protithotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | protithonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | protithovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | protitholoiō |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | protithemoia |
| you 2nd person singular | protithesoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | protithetoia |
| we 1st person plural | protithenoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | protithevoia |
| they 3rd person plural | protitheloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | protithorō | protithorē | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | protitheri | protithera |
Used as an adjective — participle, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | protithorōntos | protithorēntos | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | protitherintos | protitherantos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
protith is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
3 occurrences, every one of them listed
protithema“planned”happened · Iaorist middle indicative 1st person singular1×
Romans 1:13… de vin agnoarō, adelfoir, hoti pollakis protithema erchara pros vin, kai kōluima achri …… be unaware, brothers, how often I planned to come to you (but have …
protitheta“purposed”happened · he/she/itaorist middle indicative 3rd person singular2×
Romans 3:25hon protitheta tos theos hilastēriem dia pistiau en …God presented Him as an atoning sacrifice in …
Ephesians 1:9… autou, kata tan eudokian autou han protitheta en auto… to His good pleasure, which He purposed in Christ