verb
chromō
Strong’sG5530
I use, make use of, deal with
stem chr-11 times in the New Testamentin 4 of 27 books11 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
χράομαι, χρῶμαι
(< χρή), [in LXX for עשׂה, etc.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G5530 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidkhrah'-om-ahee
to furnish what is needed; (give an oracle, "graze" (touch slightly), light upon, etc.), i.e. (by implication) to employ or (by extension) to act towards one in a given manner
Frommiddle voice of a primary verb (perhaps rather from G5495, to handle);
King Jamesentreat, use.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
BRefs 4th c.BC+ FORMS: contraction χρῇ Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect χρᾷ Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive χρᾶν Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect participle χρέων Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect χρείων Refs 8th c.BC+: imperfect ἔχραον Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἔχρη Refs 7th c.BC+: future χρήσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔχρησα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, aorist ἐχρήσθην Refs, etc.: perfect κέχρησμαι (variant{κέχρημαι}) Refs: pluperfect ἐκέχρηστο (variant{ἐκέχρητο}) Refs:—middle, χρῶμαι Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect χρέομαι Refs 5th c.BC+, infinitive χρέεσθαι Refs; participle χρεώμενος Refsimperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἐχρέωντο (variant{ἐχρέοντο}) Refs: future χρήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+
B.I in active of the gods and their oracles, proclaim, absolutely, χρείων μυθήσατο Φοῖβος Refs 6th c.BC+; χρῆσεν οἰκιστῆρα Βάττον proclaimed him the colonizer, Refs 5th c.BC+; also in Trag., ὁ χρήσας Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, warn or direct by oracle, ἔχρησας ὥστε τὸν ξένον μητροκτονεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+; χρήσαντ᾽ ἐμοὶ.. ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κακῆς εἶναι that I should be.., Refs; with infinitive aorist, Refs 5th c.BC+: rare in Attic dialect Prose, τάδε ὁ Ἀπόλλων ἔχρησεν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ θεὸς ἔχρησε Refs 4th c.BC+
B.II passive, to be declared, proclaimed by an oracle, τίς οὖν ἐχρήσθ; Refs 5th c.BC+; mostly of the oracle delivered, τὰ ἐκ Δελφῶν οὕτω τῷ Κροίσῳ ἐχρήσθη Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ χρησθέν, τὰ χρησθέντα, the response, Refs 5th c.BC+; χρησθὲν αὐτῷ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τοῦτο παθεῖν since it was foretold him by an oracle that.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἃ τοῦδ᾽ ἐχρήσθη σώματος which were declared about it, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ κακοῦ τοῦ κεχρησμένου Refsinfinitive, καί σφι ἐχρήσθη ἀνέμοισι εὔχεσθαιRefs: with accusative et infinitive, ἐκέχρηστό σφι.. τοῦτον βασιλεύσειν Refs; with infinitive aorist, Refs
B.III middle, of the person to whom the response is given, consult a god or oracle, with dative, ψυχῇ χρησόμενος Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο Refs 8th c.BC+; χ. θεῷ, χρηστηρίοισι, μαντηΐῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. χρηστηρίῳ εἰ.. inquire at the oracle whether.., Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ χρώμενοι the consulters, Refs 5th c.BC+; κεχρημένος having inquired of an oracle, Refs 4th c.BC+infinitive, σωφρονεῖν κεχρημένον being divinely warned to be temperate, Refs 4th c.BC+: later simply, receive a divine revelation, Refs 8th c.BC+ has the word in this sense only in Refs 8th c.BC+active only in present participle χρείων (future χρήσω Refsmiddle only in participle future χρησόμενος.
B furnish with a thing, in which sense the present was κίχρημι, Refs 4th c.BC+; Cretan dialect 3rd.pers. singular κίγχρητι Refs 2nd c.BC+; Delph. 3rd.pers. singular present subjunctive κιχρῇ Refs 4th c.BC+aorist χρέηRefs; present participle κιχρέντε Refsχρηννύναι, χρηννύω, Refs 4th c.BC+: middle, χρηννυόμεθα Refs 3rd c.BC+: future χρήσω Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἔχρησαRefs 5th c.BC+ (3rd.pers. singular written ἔκχρησεν Refs; imperative χρῆσον Refs 5th c.BC+ Comedy texts 205: perfect κέχρηκα Refs 4th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐκεχρήκει Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, perfect κέχρημαι (δια-) Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, present κίχρᾰμαι Refs 1st c.AD+; infinitive κίχρασθαι Refs 4th c.BC+: imperfect ἐκιχράμηνRefs: aorist ἐχρησάμην, imperative χρῆσαι Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.:—furnish the use of a thing, i.e. lend, usually in a friendly way, δανείζω being the word applied to usurers (but χ. ={δανείζω} in LXX+5th c.BC+; χ. τὰν χέρα, in the formula of manumission, Refs:—middle, borrow, τι Refs 5th c.BC+; πόδας χρήσας, ὄμματα χρησάμενος having lent feet and borrowed eyes, of a blind man carrying a lame one, Refs 5th c.BC+
B.II ={χρηματίζω}Refs
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| chronōχρώμεθα | happening now · wepresent middle or passive indicative 1st person plural | use | 1× |
| chroleἐχρῶντο | was happening · theyimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural | used | 1× |
| chremaἐχρησάμην | happened · Iaorist middle indicative 1st person singular | making use of | 1× |
| chrenaἐχρησάμεθα | happened · weaorist middle indicative 1st person plural | made use of | 1× |
| chromēκέχρημαι | has happened · Iperfect middle or passive indicative 1st person singular | used | 1× |
| chroteiōχρῆται | happening now · he/she/itpresent middle or passive subjunctive 3rd person singular | uses | 1× |
| chremeiaχρήσωμαι | happened · Iaorist middle subjunctive 1st person singular | use | 1× |
| chrosōrχρῶ | happening now · youpresent middle or passive imperative 2nd person singular | use | 1× |
| chresarχρῆσαι | happened · youaorist middle imperative 2nd person singular | make use of | 1× |
| chrorōntoisχρώμενοι | happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle nominative plural masculine | use | 1× |
| chrerantosχρησάμενος | happened · subjectaorist middle participle nominative singular masculine | treated | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 5 occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | chromō | chrome | chromē1×κέχρημαι | chromelē |
| you 2nd person singular | chrosō | chrose | chrosē | chroselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | chrotō | chrote | chrotē | chrotelē |
| we 1st person plural | chronō1×χρώμεθα | chrone | chronē | chronelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | chrovō | chrove | chrovē | chrovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | chrolō | chrole1×ἐχρῶντο | chrolē | chrolelē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | chremi | chrema1×ἐχρησάμην |
| you 2nd person singular | chresi | chresa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | chreti | chreta |
| we 1st person plural | chreni | chrena1×ἐχρησάμεθα |
| ye 2nd person plural | chrevi | chreva |
| they 3rd person plural | chreli | chrela |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 2 occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | chromeiō | chromeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | chroseiō | chroseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | chroteiō1×χρῆται | chroteiē |
| we 1st person plural | chroneiō | chroneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | chroveiō | chroveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | chroleiō | chroleiē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | chremeia1×χρήσωμαι |
| you 2nd person singular | chreseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | chreteia |
| we 1st person plural | chreneia |
| ye 2nd person plural | chreveia |
| they 3rd person plural | chreleia |
Commands — imperative mood, 2 occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | chrosōr1×χρῶ | chrosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | chrotōr | chrotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | chrovōr | chrovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | chrolōr | chrolēr |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | chresar1×χρῆσαι |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | chretar |
| ye 2nd person plural | chrevar |
| they 3rd person plural | chrelar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | chromoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | chrosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | chrotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | chronoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | chrovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | chroloiō |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | chremoia |
| you 2nd person singular | chresoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | chretoia |
| we 1st person plural | chrenoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | chrevoia |
| they 3rd person plural | chreloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | chrorō | chrorē | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | chreri | chrera |
Used as an adjective — participle, 2 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | chrorōntos1× | chrorēntos | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | chrerintos | chrerantos1×χρησάμενος |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
chr is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
11 occurrences, every one of them listed
chronō“use”happening now · wepresent middle or passive indicative 1st person plural1×
2 Corinthians 3:12“use”Echarōntois oun toioutan elpidan polla parrēsia chronō,Therefore, since we have such a hope, we are …
chrole“used”was happening · theyimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural1×
Acts 27:17han airarantois boētheiai chrole hupozōnarōntois tem ploiem; foborōntois tē mē …After hoisting it up, the crew used ropes to undergird the ship. And …
chrema“making use of”happened · Iaorist middle indicative 1st person singular1×
2 Corinthians 1:17“making use of”… oun boulorōntos mēti ara ta elafria chrema? ē heim bouleuomō kata sarkan bouleuomō, …When I planned this, did I do it carelessly? Or do I …
chrena“made use of”happened · weaorist middle indicative 1st person plural1×
1 Corinthians 9:12“made use of”… metechalō, ouk mallon nis? Alla ouk chrena ta exousia houta, alla panteim steganō …… all the more? But we did not exercise this right. Instead, we put up with anything rather than …
chromē“used”has happened · Iperfect middle or passive indicative 1st person singular1×
1 Corinthians 9:15Mis de ouk chromē oudeno houteiu. ouk grafama de houteim …But I have not used any of these rights. And I …
chroteiō“uses”happening now · he/she/itpresent middle or passive subjunctive 3rd person singular1×
1 Timothy 1:8… tos nomos ean tinos auto nomimōs chroteiō,… the law is good, if one uses it legitimately.
chremeia“use”happened · Iaorist middle subjunctive 1st person singular1×
2 Corinthians 13:10… apeiarōntos grafamō, hina pareiarōntos mē apotomōs chremeia kata tan exousian han tos kurios …… need to be severe in my use of the authority that the Lord …
chrosōr“use”happening now · youpresent middle or passive imperative 2nd person singular1×
1 Timothy 5:23mēketi hudropotasōr, alla oino oligo chrosōr dia ton stomachon kai tain puknain …Stop drinking only water and use a little wine instead, because of …
chresar“make use of”happened · youaorist middle imperative 2nd person singular1×
1 Corinthians 7:21“make use of”… ei kai dunosō eleutheros genera, mallon chresar.… you— but if you can gain your …
chrorōntois“use”happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle nominative plural masculine1×
1 Corinthians 7:31kai tois chrorōntois ton kosmon hōs mē katachrorōntois; paragatō …and those who use the things of this world, as …
chrerantos“treated”happened · subjectaorist middle participle nominative singular masculine1×
Acts 27:3… filanthrōpōs tē tos Ioulios to Paulo chrerantos epitrepata pros toin filoin poreuiranto epimeleiau …… we landed at Sidon, and Julius treated Paul with consideration, allowing him to …