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Lesson 6.4 · Mood

The optative

Wishes and remote possibilities — rare, but worth recognising.

The last mood, and the rarest — fewer than seventy times in the whole New Testament. oi before the tense vowel expresses a wish or a remote possibility: "may it be so", "would that it were":

mē ginetoia.
"May it never be!" (Romans 6:2)

Paul's favourite exclamation, and the most common place you will meet this mood. Take it apart: gin·e·t·oi·a — become, to itself, it, wish, as one act. With "not" in front, it is a firm "certainly not!"

“Optative” is from the Latin optare, to wish. Recognise the oi and read it as "may…"; you will not need to produce it.
In the Greek — a mood on its way out

The optative was in decline by New Testament times — classical Greek used it far more — and it survives mainly in fixed phrases like μὴ γένοιτο and in polite wishes ("may the Lord grant…"). Greek marks it with -οι- or -αι- before the ending, which is where the oi here comes from.

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