adjective
chalepos
Strong’sG5467
hard, harsh, fierce
stem chalep-2 times in the New Testamentin 2 of 27 books1 of 26 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
χαλεπός, -ή, -όν
[in LXX: Is 18:2 (נוֺרָא), Wi 3:19, Si 3:21, al.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G5467 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidkhal-ep-os'
difficult, i.e. dangerous, or (by implication) furious
Fromperhaps from G5465 through the idea of reducing the strength;
King Jamesfierce, perilous.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
difficult (ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται Refs 5th c.BC+
I in reference to the feelings, hard to bear, painful, grievous (so frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - ώτερα Refs 5th c.BC+; χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα] Refs 5th c.BC+; νόσος, πλάνη, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο Refs 5th c.BC+; [θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ., of ill-fitting cuirasses, Refs 5th c.BC+ the severity of the wind, Refs; τὰ χ. hardships, opposed to τὰ τερπνά, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative, more unpleasant, Refs 4th c.AD+
I.2 hard to do or deal with, difficult, irksome, -ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων Refs 5th c.BC+; χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά proverbial cited in Refs 5th c.BC+, attributed to Solon by Scholia (at [prev. work]); χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive active or middle, χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι, = {χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι}, Refs 8th c.BC+; χαλεπὸν δέ τ᾽ ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ] Refs 8th c.BC+; χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+: also with infinitive passive, χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+; χαλεπόν [ἐστι] with infinitive, 'tis hard, difficult to do, Refs 8th c.BC+; with accusative et infinitive, 'tis difficult for one to do.., Refs 8th c.BC+: with dative et infinitive, Refs 8th c.BC+
I.3 dangerous, λιμένες Refs 5th c.BC+
I.4 of ground, difficult, rugged, χωρία χ. καὶ πετρώδη Refs 5th c.BC+; χωρίον -ώτατον a place most difficult to take, Refs
II of persons, hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern (opposed to πρᾷος, Refs 8th c.BC+; -ώτερος a more bitter enemy, Refs 5th c.BC+; -ώτατοι most difficult to deal with, most dangerous or troublesome, Refs 4th c.BC+: with dative person, cruel or harsh towards one, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.b of words, χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; χ. ὀνείδεα, ὁμοκλαί, Refs 8th c.BC+
II.c especially of judges, ἦν τὸ δίκαιον φυλάσσων χ. Refs 5th c.BC+; νόμοι Refs 4th c.BC+
II.d savage, fierce, κύνες Refs 5th c.BC+; of bees, Refs 4th c.BC+; [θηρία] χ. τὰς φύσεις Refs 5th c.BC+
II.2 ill-tempered, testy, χ. ὢν καὶ δύσκολος Refs 5th c.BC+; χαλεπῇ τῇ χειρί with a rough hand, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.3 of plants, hurtful to the soil, Refs 4th c.BC+
B adverb -πῶς hardly, with difficulty, διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Refs 8th c.BC+ οὐ or μὴ χ. without much ado, Refs 5th c.BC+
B.2 hardly, scarcely, δοκέω.. χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρσῃσι μάχεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+
B.3 χ. ἔχει, ={χαλεπόν ἐστι}, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+
B.4 painfully, miserably, -ώτερον ζῆν Refs 5th c.BC+
B.II of persons, angrily, cruelly, harshly, χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. φέρειν τι take it ill, Refs 5th c.BC+; also χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the laws Refs 5th c.BC+
B.II.2 frequently in the phrase χ. ἔχειν to be angry, Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι with one, Refs 5th c.BC+ χ. ἔχειν τισὶν ἐπί τινι with persons for a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+
B.II.2.b χ. ἔχειν, also, to be in a bad way, χ. ἔχω ὑπὸ τοῦ πότου Refs 5th c.BC+— Beside the regular comparative χαλεπώτερον Refs 5th c.BC+ we have -ωτέρωςRefs 5th c.BC+: superlative -ώταταRefs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
Every form this word takes in Biblang, with the Greek it corresponds to and how often the New Testament uses it.
| Job in the sentence case | masculine singular | feminine singular | neuter singular | masculine plural | feminine plural | neuter plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| subject nominative | chalepos | chalepas | chalepem | chalepois2×χαλεποὶ | chalepais | chalepeim |
| object accusative | chalepon | chalepan | chalepoin | chalepain | ||
| direct address vocative | chalepor | chalepar | chalepoir | chalepair | ||
| of, belonging to genitive | chalepou | chalepau | chalepeu | chalepoiu | chalepaiu | chalepeiu |
| to, for dative | chalepo | chalepa | chalepe | chalepoi | chalepai | chalepei |
Tinted cells are forms the New Testament never uses, so there is no Greek to show against them — but they are still correct Biblang, built from the slots below like any other.
Why these forms, and no others — the slots that make them
chalep is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
2 occurrences, every one of them listed
chalepois“violent”subjectnominative plural2×
Matthew 8:28… duo daimonizorōntois ek teiu mnēmeieiu exerchorōntois, chalepois liōs hōste mē ischuarō tinon parerchara …… from the tombs. They were so violent that no one could pass that …
2 Timothy 3:1“difficult”… hoti en eschatai hēmerai enstēeli kairois chalepois;… understand this: In the last days terrible times will come.