verb
frouramō
Strong’sG5432
I guard, keep
stem frour-4 times in the New Testamentin 4 of 27 books4 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
φρουρέω, -ῶ
(< φρουρός, a guard), [in LXX: I Es 4:56, Jth 3:6, Wi 17:16, I Mac 11:3 *;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G5432 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidfroo-reh'-o
to be a watcher in advance, i.e. to mount guard as a sentinel (post spies at gates); figuratively, to hem in, protect
Fromfrom a compound of G4253 and G3708;
King Jameskeep (with a garrison).
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
poetical imperfect φρούρουν Refs 5th c.BC+: future -ήσωRefs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐφρούρησα Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, future -ήσομαι in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, aorist ἐφρουρήθηνRefs: perfect πεφρούρημαι Refs 5th c.BC+: (φρουρός):—keep watch or guard, ἐν Ἐλεφαντίνῃ Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; of ships, φ. περὶ Ναύπακτον or ἐν Ναυπάκτῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἐπί τινι to keep watch over.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ φρουροῦντες the guardians, Refs 5th c.BC+; proverbial, ἐν παντὶ.. σκορπίος φ. λίθῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; generally, 'keep a sharp look-out', Refs
II transitive, watch, guard, τὴν χώρην Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν Ποτείδαιαν φ. garrison it, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακαῖσι φ. σῶμ᾽ Ὀδυσσέως set a watch over.. Refs 5th c.BC+ keep watch over it, of Prometheus, Refs 4th c.BC+; στόμα εὔφημον φρουρεῖν ἀγαθόν keep silence, NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, to be watched or guarded, Refs 5th c.BC+: of the watch kept by besiegers, κύκλῳ φρουρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων πολεμίων Refs 5th c.BC+
II.b hold in subjection, opposed to παραφυλάττειν, Refs 2nd c.BC+
II.c Astrology texts, occupy, in passive, Refs 2nd c.AD+
II.d bind, ἁλύσεσι πεφρουρημένος Refs
II.2 watch for, observe, φρουρῶν τόδ᾽ ἦμαρ Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. χρέος to be observant of one's duty, Refs
III middle, to be on one's guard against, beware of, with accusative, φρουρούμενος βέλεμνα Refs 5th c.BC+:—active also in the same sense, ἐφρούρει μηδὲν ἐξαμαρτάνειν Refs; φ. ὅπως or ὅπως ἂν.., with subjunctive, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. μή.., with subjunctive, Refs
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| frourateἐφρούρει | was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | guarding | 1× |
| frouroneἐφρουρούμεθα | was happening · weimperfect middle or passive indicative 1st person plural | imprisoned | 1× |
| frouratiφρουρήσει | will happen · he/she/itfuture active indicative 3rd person singular | guard | 1× |
| frourorōntoinφρουρουμένους | happening now · objectpresent middle or passive participle accusative plural masculine | protected | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 140, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 3 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frouramō | frourame | frourami | frourama | frouramē | frouramelē |
| you 2nd person singular | frourasō | frourase | frourasi | frourasa | frourasē | frouraselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frouratō | frourate1×ἐφρούρει | frourati1×φρουρήσει | frourata | frouratē | frouratelē |
| we 1st person plural | frouranō | frourane | frourani | frourana | frouranē | frouranelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | frouravō | frourave | frouravi | frourava | frouravē | frouravelē |
| they 3rd person plural | frouralō | frourale | frourali | frourala | frouralē | frouralelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frouromō | frourome | frouromē | frouromelē |
| you 2nd person singular | frourosō | frourose | frourosē | frouroselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frourotō | frourote | frourotē | frourotelē |
| we 1st person plural | frouronō | frourone1×ἐφρουρούμεθα | frouronē | frouronelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | frourovō | frourove | frourovē | frourovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | frourolō | frourole | frourolē | frourolelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frourameiō | frourameia | frourameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | frouraseiō | frouraseia | frouraseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frourateiō | frourateia | frourateiē |
| we 1st person plural | frouraneiō | frouraneia | frouraneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | frouraveiō | frouraveia | frouraveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | frouraleiō | frouraleia | frouraleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frouromeiō | frouromeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | frouroseiō | frouroseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frouroteiō | frouroteiē |
| we 1st person plural | frouroneiō | frouroneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | frouroveiō | frouroveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | frouroleiō | frouroleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | frourasōr | frourasar | frourasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frouratōr | frouratar | frouratēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | frouravōr | frouravar | frouravēr |
| they 3rd person plural | frouralōr | frouralar | frouralēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | frourosōr | frourosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frourotōr | frourotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | frourovōr | frourovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | frourolōr | frourolēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frouramoiō | frouramoia |
| you 2nd person singular | frourasoiō | frourasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frouratoiō | frouratoia |
| we 1st person plural | frouranoiō | frouranoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | frouravoiō | frouravoia |
| they 3rd person plural | frouraloiō | frouraloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | frouromoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | frourosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | frourotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | frouronoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | frourovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | frouroloiō |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | frourarō | frourari | frourara | frourarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | frourorō | frourorē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | frourarōntos | frourarintos | frourarantos | frourarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | frourorōntos1× | frourorēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
frour is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
4 occurrences, every one of them listed
frourate“guarding”was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular1×
2 Corinthians 11:32“guarding”… Damaska tos ethnarchos Haretou tou basilevou frourate tan polan Damaskēnoiu piazara min,In Damascus, the governor under King Aretas secured the city of the Damascenes in order to arrest me.
frourone“imprisoned”was happening · weimperfect middle or passive indicative 1st person plural1×
Galatians 3:23“imprisoned”… de erchara tan pistian hupo nomon frourone sunkleiorōntois eis tan mellarōntan pistian apokaluptira.Before this faith came, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until faith should be revealed.
frourati“guard”will happen · he/she/itfuture active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Philippians 4:7… tou theou tas huperecharōntas panton nouon frourati tain kardiain vu kai teim noēmeim …… God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in …
frourorōntoin“protected”happening now · objectpresent middle or passive participle accusative plural masculine1×
1 Peter 1:5“protected”toin en dunamia theou frourorōntoin dia pistiau eis sōtērēan hetoiman apokaluptira …who through faith are shielded by God’s power for the salvation that is ready to be revealed in the …