verb
koptomō
Strong’sG2875
I cut off, mourn
stem kopt-8 times in the New Testamentin 4 of 27 books5 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
κόπτω,
[in LXX for כּרת, ספד, נכה hi., etc.;]
SYN.: θρηνέω, q.v.
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G2875 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidkop'-to
to "chop"; specially, to beat the breast in grief
Froma primary verb;
King Jamescut down, lament, mourn, (be-)wail.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
Refs 8th c.BC+: future κόψω Refs 6th c.BC+aorist ἔκοψα, Epic dialect κόψα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect κέκοφα (ἐκ-) Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle κεκοπώς Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, future κόψομαι LXX: aorist ἐκοψάμην Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, future κεκόψομαι (ἀπο-) LXX+5th c.BC+: aorist ἐκόπην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect κέκομμαι Refs 4th c.BC+:— cut, strike,
1 smite, ο᾽ ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι Refs 8th c.BC+ smote him on the cheek, Refs 8th c.BC+
2 smite with weapons, κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον Refs 8th c.BC+: metaphorically in passive, with play on words, αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν Refs
3 smite, slaughter an animal with an axe or mallet, κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός Refs 8th c.BC+
4 cut off, chop off, κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. δένδρα cut down or fell trees, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τὴν χώραν lay it waste, Refs:—in passive, of ships, to be shattered, disabled by the enemy, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα preventing, Refs 3rd c.BC+; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being suddenly stopped, arrested, Refs 4th c.BC+
5 strike, beat a horse, to make him go faster, κόψε δ᾽ Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; also σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω (i.e. Αἴαντε) κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος Refs
6 hammer, forge, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς Refs 8th c.BC+; later, stamp metal, i.e. coin money, κ. νόμισμα Refs 6th c.BC+:—middle, coin oneself money, order to be coined, κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα Refs:—passive, of money, to be stamped or coined, [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι Refs 5th c.BC+
7 knock or rap at, τὴν θύραν Refs 5th c.BC+; without θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτει; Refs 5th c.BC+
8 pound, bray in a mortar, κυπἐρου κεκομμένου Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀσταφίδα κεκ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἔλαιον κεκ., i.e. pure oil, LXX
9 knock, dash about, τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ Refs 8th c.BC+
10 of birds, peck, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ ἁλιάετος.. τὰ λιμναῖα κ. preys on the lagoon life, Refs; σπειρὴν κ. peck at, Refs 4th c.BC+; of fish, gnaw, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a snake, strike, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, of wood or seeds, to be worm-eaten, Refs 4th c.BC+
10.b munch, masticate, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+
11 ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην jars his rider by his paces, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive,Refs 5th c.BC+
12 κ. ὄνους dress, prepare mill-stones for use, Refs 2nd c.AD+; set, sharpen, Refs 3rd c.BC+:—middle, Refs 1st c.AD+
13 metaphorically, tire out, weary, μήθ᾽ ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ᾽ ἐμαυτὸν κ. Refs 4th c.BC+ P.:—passive, to be worn out, κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις Refs 4th c.BC+.
II middle κόπτομαι, beat or strike oneself, beat one's breast or head through grief, κεφαλὴν δ᾽ ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect passive, [πόλις] κέκοπται Refs 4th c.BC+:—active with accusative cognate, ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον Refs
II.2 κόπτεσθαί τινα mourn for any one, κόπτεσθ᾽ Ἄδωνιν NT+5th c.BC+. (Cf. Lithuanian kapóti, Lett. kapāt 'chop small', 'beat', 'stamp', Latin capo 'capon', perhaps σκέπαρνον.)
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| koptaleἔκοπτον | was happening · theyimperfect active indicative 3rd person plural | cut | 1× |
| koptoleἐκόπτοντο | was happening · theyimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural | mourning | 2× |
| kopteliκόψονται | will happen · theyfuture middle indicative 3rd person plural | mourn | 3× |
| koptevaἐκόψασθε | happened · yeaorist middle indicative 2nd person plural | mourn | 1× |
| koptarantoisκόψαντες | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine | cut | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 7 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptamō | koptame | koptami | koptama | koptamē | koptamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | koptasō | koptase | koptasi | koptasa | koptasē | koptaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptatō | koptate | koptati | koptata | koptatē | koptatelē |
| we 1st person plural | koptanō | koptane | koptani | koptana | koptanē | koptanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptavō | koptave | koptavi | koptava | koptavē | koptavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | koptalō | koptale1×ἔκοπτον | koptali | koptala | koptalē | koptalelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptomō | koptome | koptomē | koptomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | koptosō | koptose | koptosē | koptoselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptotō | koptote | koptotē | koptotelē |
| we 1st person plural | koptonō | koptone | koptonē | koptonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptovō | koptove | koptovē | koptovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | koptolō | koptole2×ἐκόπτοντο | koptolē | koptolelē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptemi | koptema |
| you 2nd person singular | koptesi | koptesa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kopteti | kopteta |
| we 1st person plural | kopteni | koptena |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptevi | kopteva1×ἐκόψασθε |
| they 3rd person plural | kopteli3×κόψονται | koptela |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptameiō | koptameia | koptameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | koptaseiō | koptaseia | koptaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptateiō | koptateia | koptateiē |
| we 1st person plural | koptaneiō | koptaneia | koptaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptaveiō | koptaveia | koptaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | koptaleiō | koptaleia | koptaleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptomeiō | koptomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | koptoseiō | koptoseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptoteiō | koptoteiē |
| we 1st person plural | koptoneiō | koptoneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptoveiō | koptoveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | koptoleiō | koptoleiē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptemeia |
| you 2nd person singular | kopteseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kopteteia |
| we 1st person plural | kopteneia |
| ye 2nd person plural | kopteveia |
| they 3rd person plural | kopteleia |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | koptasōr | koptasar | koptasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptatōr | koptatar | koptatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptavōr | koptavar | koptavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | koptalōr | koptalar | koptalēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | koptosōr | koptosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptotōr | koptotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptovōr | koptovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | koptolōr | koptolēr |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | koptesar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptetar |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptevar |
| they 3rd person plural | koptelar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptamoiō | koptamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | koptasoiō | koptasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptatoiō | koptatoia |
| we 1st person plural | koptanoiō | koptanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptavoiō | koptavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | koptaloiō | koptaloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | koptosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | koptonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | koptoloiō |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | koptemoia |
| you 2nd person singular | koptesoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | koptetoia |
| we 1st person plural | koptenoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | koptevoia |
| they 3rd person plural | kopteloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | koptarō | koptari | koptara | koptarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | koptorō | koptorē | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | kopteri | koptera |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | koptarōntos | koptarintos | koptarantos1× | koptarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | koptorōntos | koptorēntos | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | kopterintos | kopterantos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
kopt is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
8 occurrences, every one of them listed
koptale“cut”was happening · theyimperfect active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Matthew 21:8… himatieim en ta hoda, allosois de koptale kladoin apo teiu dendreiu kai strōnnuale …… cloaks on the road, while others cut branches from the trees and spread …
koptole“mourning”was happening · theyimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural2×
Luke 8:52klaiale de pantois kai koptole autan. tos de legata; Mē klaiavōr, …Meanwhile, everyone was weeping and mourning for her. But Jesus said, “Stop weeping …
Luke 23:27… plēthem tou laou kai gunaikaiu hais koptole kai thrēnale auton.… followed Him, including women who kept mourning and wailing for Him.
kopteli“mourn”will happen · theyfuture middle indicative 3rd person plural3×
Matthew 24:30… anthrōpou en to ourano, kai tote kopteli pantais tais fulais tau gēau kai …… the tribes of the earth will mourn. They will see the Son of …
Revelation 1:7… ofthalmos kai hotinois auton ekkentala, kai kopteli epi auton pantais tais fulais tau …… the tribes of the earth will mourn because of Him. So shall it …
Revelation 18:9“mourn”Kai klaiali kai kopteli epi autan tois basilevois tau gēau …Then the kings of the earth who committed sexual immorality and lived in luxury with her will weep and wail at …
kopteva“mourn”happened · yeaorist middle indicative 2nd person plural1×
Matthew 11:17… kai ouk orcheva; thrēnana kai ouk kopteva;… a dirge, and you did not mourn.’
koptarantois“cut”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Mark 11:8… eis tan hodan, allosois de stibadain koptarantois ek toiu agroiu.… while others spread branches they had cut from the fields.