verb
lupimō
Greekλυπέω (lupeō)
Strong’sG3076
I pain, grieve, vex
stem lup-26 times in the New Testamentin 8 of 27 books18 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
λυπέω, -ῶ
(< λύπη), [in LXX for חרה, etc.;]
SYN.: v.s. θρηνέω.
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G3076 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidloo-peh'-o
to distress; reflexively or passively, to be sad
Fromfrom G3077;
King Jamescause grief, grieve, be in heaviness, (be) sorrow(-ful), be (make) sorry.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| lupamōλυπῶ | happening now · Ipresent active indicative 1st person singular | cause … pain | 1× |
| lupitōλυπεῖται | happening now · he/she/itpresent passive indicative 3rd person singular | grieved | 1× |
| lupiviλυπηθήσεσθε | will happen · yefuture passive indicative 2nd person plural | become sorrowful | 1× |
| lupamaἐλύπησα | happened · Iaorist active indicative 1st person singular | grieved | 1× |
| lupataἐλύπησεν | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | grieved | 1× |
| lupitaἐλυπήθη | happened · he/she/itaorist passive indicative 3rd person singular | grieved | 1× |
| lupivaἐλυπήθητε | happened · yeaorist passive indicative 2nd person plural | grieved | 3× |
| lupilaἐλυπήθησαν | happened · theyaorist passive indicative 3rd person plural | distressed | 2× |
| lupatēλελύπηκεν | has happened · he/she/itperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | grieved | 2× |
| lupiveiōλυπῆσθε | happening now · yepresent passive subjunctive 2nd person plural | grieve | 1× |
| lupiveiaλυπηθῆτε | happened · yeaorist passive subjunctive 2nd person plural | cause … pain | 1× |
| lupavōrλυπεῖτε | happening now · yepresent active imperative 2nd person plural | grieve | 1× |
| lupirōλυπεῖσθαι | happening now · the “to …” formpresent passive infinitive | sorrowful | 2× |
| lupiraλυπηθῆναι | happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive | sorrow | 1× |
| lupirōtosλυπούμενος | happening now · subjectpresent passive participle nominative singular masculine | sorrowful | 3× |
| lupirōtoisλυπούμενοι | happening now · subjectpresent passive participle nominative plural masculine | sorrowful | 2× |
| lupiratosλυπηθεὶς | happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative singular masculine | distressed | 1× |
| lupiratoisλυπηθέντες | happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative plural masculine | having been grieved | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 13 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | lupamō1×λυπῶ | lupame | lupami | lupama1×ἐλύπησα | lupamē | lupamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | lupasō | lupase | lupasi | lupasa | lupasē | lupaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | lupatō | lupate | lupati | lupata1×ἐλύπησεν | lupatē2×λελύπηκεν | lupatelē |
| we 1st person plural | lupanō | lupane | lupani | lupana | lupanē | lupanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | lupavō | lupave | lupavi | lupava | lupavē | lupavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | lupalō | lupale | lupali | lupala | lupalē | lupalelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | lupimō | lupime | lupimi | lupima | lupimē | lupimelē |
| you 2nd person singular | lupisō | lupise | lupisi | lupisa | lupisē | lupiselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | lupitō1×λυπεῖται | lupite | lupiti | lupita1×ἐλυπήθη | lupitē | lupitelē |
| we 1st person plural | lupinō | lupine | lupini | lupina | lupinē | lupinelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | lupivō | lupive | lupivi1×λυπηθήσεσθε | lupiva3×ἐλυπήθητε | lupivē | lupivelē |
| they 3rd person plural | lupilō | lupile | lupili | lupila2×ἐλυπήθησαν | lupilē | lupilelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 2 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | lupameiō | lupameia | lupameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | lupaseiō | lupaseia | lupaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | lupateiō | lupateia | lupateiē |
| we 1st person plural | lupaneiō | lupaneia | lupaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | lupaveiō | lupaveia | lupaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | lupaleiō | lupaleia | lupaleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | lupimeiō | lupimeia | lupimeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | lupiseiō | lupiseia | lupiseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | lupiteiō | lupiteia | lupiteiē |
| we 1st person plural | lupineiō | lupineia | lupineiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | lupiveiō1×λυπῆσθε | lupiveia1×λυπηθῆτε | lupiveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | lupileiō | lupileia | lupileiē |
Commands — imperative mood, 1 occurrence
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | lupasōr | lupasar | lupasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | lupatōr | lupatar | lupatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | lupavōr1×λυπεῖτε | lupavar | lupavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | lupalōr | lupalar | lupalēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | lupisōr | lupisar | lupisēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | lupitōr | lupitar | lupitēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | lupivōr | lupivar | lupivēr |
| they 3rd person plural | lupilōr | lupilar | lupilēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | lupamoiō | lupamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | lupasoiō | lupasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | lupatoiō | lupatoia |
| we 1st person plural | lupanoiō | lupanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | lupavoiō | lupavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | lupaloiō | lupaloia |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | lupimoiō | lupimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | lupisoiō | lupisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | lupitoiō | lupitoia |
| we 1st person plural | lupinoiō | lupinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | lupivoiō | lupivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | lupiloiō | lupiloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 3 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | luparō | lupari | lupara | luparē |
| acted on passive voice | lupirō2×λυπεῖσθαι | lupiri | lupira1×λυπηθῆναι | lupirē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 7 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | luparōtos | luparitos | luparatos | luparētos |
| acted on passive voice | lupirōtos5×λυπούμενος | lupiritos | lupiratos2×λυπηθεὶς | lupirētos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
lup is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Where it appears
26 occurrences, every one of them listed
lupamō“cause … pain”happening now · Ipresent active indicative 1st person singular1×
2 Corinthians 2:2“cause … pain”ei gar mis lupamō vin, kai tinos tos eufrainarōtos min ei mē tos lupirōtos ek mu?For if I grieve you, who is left to cheer me but those whom I have grieved?
lupitō“grieved”happening now · he/she/itpresent passive indicative 3rd person singular1×
Romans 14:15“grieved”ei gar dia brōmem tos adelfos su lupitō, ouketi kata agapan peripatasō. mē te brōme su ekeinon apolluasōr huper hou Christos apothnēskata.If your brother is distressed by what you eat, you are no longer acting in love. Do not by your eating destroy your brother, for whom Christ died.
lupivi“become sorrowful”will happen · yefuture passive indicative 2nd person plural1×
John 16:20“become sorrowful”amēn amēn legamō vi hoti klaiavi kai thrēnavi vis, tos de kosmos chairiti; vis lupivi, alla tas lupas vu eis charan gineti.Truly, truly, I tell you, you will weep and wail while the world rejoices. You will grieve, but your grief will turn to joy.
lupama“grieved”happened · Iaorist active indicative 1st person singular1×
2 Corinthians 7:8“grieved”hoti ei kai lupama vin en ta epistola, ouk metamelemō; ei kai metameleme blepamō hoti tas epistolas ekeinas ei kai pros hōran lupata vin,Even if I caused you sorrow by my letter, I do not regret it. Although I did regret it— for I see that my letter caused you sorrow, but only for a short time—
lupata“grieved”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular1×
2 Corinthians 7:8“grieved”hoti ei kai lupama vin en ta epistola, ouk metamelemō; ei kai metameleme blepamō hoti tas epistolas ekeinas ei kai pros hōran lupata vin,Even if I caused you sorrow by my letter, I do not regret it. Although I did regret it— for I see that my letter caused you sorrow, but only for a short time—
lupita“grieved”happened · he/she/itaorist passive indicative 3rd person singular1×
John 21:17“grieved”legatō auto tem tritem; Simōnor Iōannou, filasō min? lupita tos Petros hoti legata auto tem tritem; Filasō min? kai legata auto; Kurior, panteim sis oidasē, sis gnōskasō hoti filamō sin. legatō auto tos Iēsus; Boskasōr teim probateim mu.Jesus asked a third time, “Simon son of John, do you love Me?” Peter was deeply hurt that Jesus had asked him a third time, “Do you love Me?” “Lord, You know all things,” he replied. “You know I love You.” Jesus said to him, “Feed My sheep.
lupiva“grieved”happened · yeaorist passive indicative 2nd person plural3×
2 Corinthians 7:9“grieved”nun chairamō, ouk hoti lupiva, alla hoti lupiva eis metanoian, lupiva gar kata theon, hina en mēdene zēmiiveia ek nu.yet now I rejoice, not because you were made sorrowful, but because your sorrow led you to repentance. For you felt the sorrow that God had intended, and so were not harmed in any way by us.
2 Corinthians 7:9“grieved”nun chairamō, ouk hoti lupiva, alla hoti lupiva eis metanoian, lupiva gar kata theon, hina en mēdene zēmiiveia ek nu.yet now I rejoice, not because you were made sorrowful, but because your sorrow led you to repentance. For you felt the sorrow that God had intended, and so were not harmed in any way by us.
2 Corinthians 7:9“felt a … grief”nun chairamō, ouk hoti lupiva, alla hoti lupiva eis metanoian, lupiva gar kata theon, hina en mēdene zēmiiveia ek nu.yet now I rejoice, not because you were made sorrowful, but because your sorrow led you to repentance. For you felt the sorrow that God had intended, and so were not harmed in any way by us.
lupila“distressed”happened · theyaorist passive indicative 3rd person plural2×
Matthew 17:23“distressed”kai apokteinali auton, kai ta trita hēmera egeiriti. kai lupila sfodra.They will kill Him, and on the third day He will be raised to life.” And the disciples were deeply grieved.
Matthew 18:31“distressed”horaratois oun tois sundoulois autou teim ginerateim lupila sfodra, kai ercharatois diasafala to kurio heautoiu panteim teim ginerateim.When his fellow servants saw what had happened, they were greatly distressed, and they went and recounted all of this to their master.
lupatē“grieved”has happened · he/she/itperfect active indicative 3rd person singular2×
2 Corinthians 2:5“caused pain”Ei de tinos lupatē, ouk min lupatē, alla apo mereu hina mē epibarameiō pantoin vin.Now if anyone has caused grief, he has not grieved me but all of you — to some degree, not to overstate it.
2 Corinthians 2:5“grieved”Ei de tinos lupatē, ouk min lupatē, alla apo mereu hina mē epibarameiō pantoin vin.Now if anyone has caused grief, he has not grieved me but all of you — to some degree, not to overstate it.
lupiveiō“grieve”happening now · yepresent passive subjunctive 2nd person plural1×
1 Thessalonians 4:13“grieve”Ouk thelanō de vin agnoarō, adelfoir, peri toiu koimerōtoiu, hina mē lupiveiō kathōs kai tois loipois tois mē echarōtois elpian.Brothers, we do not want you to be uninformed about those who sleep in death, so that you will not grieve like the rest, who are without hope.
lupiveia“cause … pain”happened · yeaorist passive subjunctive 2nd person plural1×
2 Corinthians 2:4“cause … pain”ek gar pollau thlipsiau kai sunochau kardiau grafama vi dia polleiu dakrueiu, ouk hina lupiveia, alla tan agapan hina gnōskaveia han echamō perissoterōs eis vin.For through many tears I wrote you out of great distress and anguish of heart, not to grieve you but to let you know how much I love you.
lupavōr“grieve”happening now · yepresent active imperative 2nd person plural1×
Ephesians 4:30“grieve”kai mē lupavōr tem pneumem tem hagiem tou theou, en he sfragiziva eis hēmeran apolutrōsiau.And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.
lupirō“sorrowful”happening now · the “to …” formpresent passive infinitive2×
Matthew 26:37“sorrowful”kai paralambaratos ton Petron kai toin duo huioin Zebedaiou archeta lupirō kai adēmonarō.He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee and began to be sorrowful and deeply distressed.
Mark 14:19“distressed”archela lupirō kai legarō auto henos kata henos; Mēti mis?They began to be grieved and to ask Him one after another, “Surely not I?”
lupira“sorrow”happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive1×
2 Corinthians 7:11“sorrow”idou gar autem houtem tem kata theon lupira posan katergazeta vi spoudan, alla apologian, alla aganaktēsian, alla fobon, alla epipothēsian, alla zēlon, alla ekdikēsian; en pante sunistanava heautoin hagnoin arō te pragme.Consider what this godly sorrow has produced in you: what earnestness, what eagerness to clear yourselves, what indignation, what alarm, what longing, what zeal, what vindication! In every way you have proved yourselves to be innocent in this matter.
lupirōtos“sorrowful”happening now · subjectpresent passive participle nominative singular masculine3×
Matthew 19:22“sorrowful”akouaratos de tos neaniskos ton logon aperchata lupirōtos, ate gar echarōtos ktēmeim polleim.When the young man heard this, he went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth.
Mark 10:22“sorrowful”tos de stugnazaratos epi to logo aperchata lupirōtos, ate gar echarōtos ktēmeim polleim.But the man was saddened by these words and went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth.
2 Corinthians 2:2“made sorrowful”ei gar mis lupamō vin, kai tinos tos eufrainarōtos min ei mē tos lupirōtos ek mu?For if I grieve you, who is left to cheer me but those whom I have grieved?
lupirōtois“sorrowful”happening now · subjectpresent passive participle nominative plural masculine2×
Matthew 26:22“distressed”kai lupirōtois sfodra archela legarō auto henos hekastos; Mēti mis amō, kurior?They were deeply grieved and began to ask Him one after another, “Surely not I, Lord?”
2 Corinthians 6:10“sorrowful”hōs lupirōtois aei de chairarōtois, hōs ptōchois polloin de ploutizarōtois, hōs mēdenem echarōtois kai panteim katecharōtois.sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; poor, yet making many rich; having nothing, and yet possessing everything.
lupiratos“distressed”happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative singular masculine1×
Matthew 14:9“distressed”kai lupiratos tos basilevos dia toin horkoin kai toin sunanakeierōtoin keleuata dōira,The king was grieved, but because of his oaths and his guests, he ordered that her wish be granted
lupiratois“having been grieved”happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative plural masculine1×
1 Peter 1:6“having been grieved”en ho agallievō, oligem arti ei darōtem lupiratois en poikiloi peirasmoi,In this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in various trials