verb
periechamō
Strong’sG4023
I contain, seize
stem periech-2 times in the New Testamentin 2 of 27 books2 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
περι-έχω,
[in LXX for אפף, נקף hi., צפה pi., etc.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4023 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
also περιεργ-ίσχω, Refs 5th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect περρέχω Refs 7th c.BC+future περιέξω (and περισχήσω Refs 5th c.BC+aorist περιέσχον, infinitive περισχεῖν: aorist middle περιεσχόμην, infinitive περισχέσθαι:—encompass, embrace, surround, κυκλόθεν ὁδὸς π. [τὸ χωρίον] Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ περιέχον the envelope of a seed, Refs 4th c.BC+
b especially of that which encompasses the earth or the universe, τὸν κόσμον πνεῦμα καὶ ἀὴρ πRefs 5th c.BC+; τὸ περιέχον the environment, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ περιέχων ἀήρ ἠήρ) Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ περιέχων alone, Refs; but usually τὸ περιέχον, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἄπειρον καὶ τὸ π. Refs 4th c.BC+
c τὸ π. the atmosphere, Refs 2nd c.BC+; δυσκρασίαι τοῦ π. Refs 1st c.AD+
2 embrace, τινὰ ταῖς χερσίν Id Refs 4th c.BC+
3 surround so as to guard, Refs 1st c.AD+:—but, passive, to be shut in, beleaguered, Refs 5th c.BC+; πανταχόθενRefs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, to be hard pressed, Refs 4th c.BC+
4 embrace, comprise, comprehend, Refs 5th c.BC+; contain, βίβλος π. τὰς πράξεις Refs 4th c.BC+; of a letter, Refs 1st c.AD+, followed by a quotation, NT; καθὼς ἡ ὠνὴ π. as is contained in the deed of sale, Refs 2nd c.AD+
4.b in Logic, τὸ περιέχον universal, opposed to τὰ περιεχόμενα, the individuals or particulars, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὀνόματα περιέχοντα generic terms, Refs; καλοῦσι δ᾽ αὐτοὺς πλάτακας ἀπὸ τοῦ περιέχοντος from the generic name, Refs 2nd c.AD+
5 in Mathematics texts, ὁ ὑπὸ δύο ἀριθμῶν περιεχόμενος [ἀριθμός] the product of two numbers, Refs 3rd c.BC+; but π. ἑαυτόν, of a number of which a higher power terminates in the same digit, Refs
6 τὸν ἔλεγχον π. to be involved in, open to criticism, Refs 5th c.BC+
II surpass, excel, πάντα περρέχοισ᾽ ἄστρα, of the moon, Refs 7th c.BC+; overcome, gain the victory or advantage, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.2 outflank the enemy, Refs
III middle, hold one's hands round or over another: hence, protect, defend, with genitive person, περίσχεο (Ionic dialect imperative aorist 2 middle) παιδὸς ἐῆος Refs 8th c.BC+
III.2 hold fast by, cling to, with genitive, γούνων περισχομένη Refs 3rd c.BC+: hence, cleave to, be fond of a person or thing, γενσάμενοι τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀγαθῶν περιέξονται Refs 5th c.BC+; τὠυτοῦ περιεχόμεθα we are compassing, aiming at the same end, Refs 1st c.AD+; κρίσιν.. ἧς μᾶλλον περιέχομαι on which I place more reliance, Refs 4th c.AD+
III.3 rarely with infinitive, περιείχετο.. μένοντας μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν τάξιν clung to his resolution that they should stay and not leave their post, Refs 5th c.BC+
IV Aeolic dialect περρέχω, ={ὑπερέχω}, ὁπόσον τῷ ποδὶ περρέχει τᾶς γᾶς, τοῦτο χάρις, i.e. every inch of his stature is grace, Refs 3rd c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| periechatōπεριέχει | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | stands | 1× |
| periechataπεριέσχεν | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | seized | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 2 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | periechamō | periechame | periechami | periechama | periechamē | periechamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | periechasō | periechase | periechasi | periechasa | periechasē | periechaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | periechatō1×περιέχει | periechate | periechati | periechata1×περιέσχεν | periechatē | periechatelē |
| we 1st person plural | periechanō | periechane | periechani | periechana | periechanē | periechanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | periechavō | periechave | periechavi | periechava | periechavē | periechavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | periechalō | periechale | periechali | periechala | periechalē | periechalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | periechameiō | periechameia | periechameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | periechaseiō | periechaseia | periechaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | periechateiō | periechateia | periechateiē |
| we 1st person plural | periechaneiō | periechaneia | periechaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | periechaveiō | periechaveia | periechaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | periechaleiō | periechaleia | periechaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | periechasōr | periechasar | periechasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | periechatōr | periechatar | periechatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | periechavōr | periechavar | periechavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | periechalōr | periechalar | periechalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | periechamoiō | periechamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | periechasoiō | periechasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | periechatoiō | periechatoia |
| we 1st person plural | periechanoiō | periechanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | periechavoiō | periechavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | periechaloiō | periechaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | periecharō | periechari | periechara | periecharē |
Used as an adjective — participle, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | periecharōntos | periecharintos | periecharantos | periecharēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
periech is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
2 occurrences, every one of them listed
periechatō“stands”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular1×
1 Peter 2:6dioti periechatō en grafa; Idou tithamō en Siōn …For it stands in Scripture: “See, I lay in …
periechata“seized”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Luke 5:9“seized”thambem gar periechata auton kai pantoin toin sun auto …For he and his companions were astonished at the …