verb
ptoomō
Strong’sG4422
I terrify, scare
stem pto-2 times in the New Testament2 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
πτοέω, -ῶ,
[in LXX chiefly for חתת ni.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4422 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
and πτοιέω, future -ήσωRefs 1st c.BC+aorist ἐπτοίησα, Aeolic dialect ἐπτόαισα (see. below):—passive, Epic dialect aorist ἐπτοιήθην Refs 3rd c.BC+perfect ἐπτόημαι, Epic dialect ἐπτοίημαι (see. below):—terrify, scare, Refs [same place]:—passive, to be scared, dismayed, φρένες ἐπτοίηθεν Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπτοημένας δεινοῖς δράκουσιν by serpents, NT+5th c.BC+ W.; of animals, Refs 4th c.AD+
II metaphorically, flutter, excite by any passion, τό μοι καρδίαν.. ἐπτόαισεν Refs 7th c.BC+; Κύπρις ἐπ᾽ Αἰακίδῃ κούρῃ φρένας ἐπτοίησεν poetical cited in Refs 1st c.BC+:—passive, to be passionately excited, Refs 6th c.BC+; πτοιηθεὶς ὑπ᾽ ἔρωτι Call.[same place]; τὸ περὶ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας μὴ ἐπτοῆσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ τὸ νέονRefs 1st c.BC+; to be distraught, μεθ᾽ ὁμήλικας ἐπτοίηται he gapes like one distraught after his fellows, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸ πτοηθέν distraction, Refs 5th c.BC+ only in dactylic verse, perhaps for the sake of meter; the -άω inflexion only in Refs 6th c.BC+; Lesb. -αις (ε) may have -αι- for -η- as αἰμίονος, etc.)
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| ptoiveiaπτοηθῆτε | happened · yeaorist passive subjunctive 2nd person plural | terrified | 1× |
| ptoirantoisπτοηθέντες | happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative plural masculine | startled | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptoomō | ptoome | ptoomē | ptoomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | ptoosō | ptoose | ptoosē | ptooselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptootō | ptoote | ptootē | ptootelē |
| we 1st person plural | ptoonō | ptoone | ptoonē | ptoonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptoovō | ptoove | ptoovē | ptoovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | ptoolō | ptoole | ptoolē | ptoolelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptoimi | ptoima |
| you 2nd person singular | ptoisi | ptoisa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptoiti | ptoita |
| we 1st person plural | ptoini | ptoina |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptoivi | ptoiva |
| they 3rd person plural | ptoili | ptoila |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 1 occurrence
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptoomeiō | ptoomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | ptooseiō | ptooseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptooteiō | ptooteiē |
| we 1st person plural | ptooneiō | ptooneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptooveiō | ptooveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | ptooleiō | ptooleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptoimeia |
| you 2nd person singular | ptoiseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptoiteia |
| we 1st person plural | ptoineia |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptoiveia1×πτοηθῆτε |
| they 3rd person plural | ptoileia |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | ptoosōr | ptoosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptootōr | ptootēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptoovōr | ptoovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | ptoolōr | ptoolēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | ptoisar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptoitar |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptoivar |
| they 3rd person plural | ptoilar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptoomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | ptoosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptootoiō |
| we 1st person plural | ptoonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptoovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | ptooloiō |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ptoimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | ptoisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ptoitoia |
| we 1st person plural | ptoinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | ptoivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | ptoiloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | ptoorō | ptoorē | ||
| acted on passive voice | ptoiri | ptoira |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | ptoorōntos | ptoorēntos | ||
| acted on passive voice | ptoirintos | ptoirantos1× |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
pto is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
2 occurrences, every one of them listed
ptoiveia“terrified”happened · yeaorist passive subjunctive 2nd person plural1×
Luke 21:9“terrified”… de akouaveia polemoin kai akatastasiain, mē ptoiveia; datō gar houteim genera prōtem, alla …When you hear of wars and rebellions, do not be alarmed. These things must happen first, but the end …
ptoirantois“startled”happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative plural masculine1×
Luke 24:37ptoirantois de kai emfobois generantois dokale pneumem …But they were startled and frightened, thinking they had seen …