verb
deramō
Strong’sG1194
I flay, flog, scourge, beat
stem der-15 times in the New Testamentin 7 of 27 books8 forms occur
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
To skin, flay, as in removing the hide of an animal 1234. This sense appears in Old Testament passages describing the skinning of sacrificial animals 1.
More often, to beat, thrash, flog a person 1234, used of physical blows given to people, including servants, prisoners, and the apostles 1. The word can be used of striking someone in the face 13, and appears in the phrase "to beat the air," meaning to strike at nothing, as in shadow-boxing 1. It is also used in the passive of a person being beaten or receiving blows 1.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
δέρω
[in LXX: Le 1:6, II Ch 29:34 35:11 (פָּשַׁט hi.)*;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G1194 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidder'-o
properly, to flay, i.e. (by implication) to scourge, or (by analogy) to thrash
Froma primary verb;
King Jamesbeat, smite.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
Refs 5th c.BC+:—also δείρω Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ἔδερον Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect δέρον Refs 8th c.BC+: future δερῶ Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔδειρα Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, see. {ἀναδέρω}:—passive, future δᾰρήσομαι NT+2nd c.AD+aorist ἐδάρην [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+; participle δαρθείς Refs 4th c.BC+perfect δέδαρμαι (see. below):— skin, flay, of animals, δ. βοῦς Refs 8th c.BC+ 'flog a dead horse', Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀσκὸς δεδάρθαι to have one's skin flayed off, Refs 6th c.BC+; δερῶ σε θύλακον κλοπῆς I will make a thief's purse of your skin, Refs 5th c.BC+ 'first catch your hare, then cook it', Refs; ἀέρα δέρειν 'plough the sands', Refs
2 Anatomy texts, separate by avulsion, Refs 3rd c.BC+
II colloquially, cudgel, thrash, δέδοκταί μοι δέρεσθαι καὶ δέρειν δι᾽ ἡμέρας Refs 5th c.BC+ 'spare the rod and spoil the child', Refs 4th c.BC+: metaphorically, εἰς πρόσωπόν τινα δ. NT. (Cf. Lithuanian derù 'flay', Sanskrit dṛṇā´ti 'split'.)
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| derasōδέρεις | happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular | strike | 1× |
| deratōδέρει | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | strikes | 1× |
| deritiδαρήσεται | will happen · he/she/itfuture passive indicative 3rd person singular | beaten | 2× |
| deriviδαρήσεσθε | will happen · yefuture passive indicative 2nd person plural | beaten | 1× |
| deralaἔδειραν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | beat | 2× |
| derarōntosδέρων | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine | beat | 2× |
| derarōntoisδέροντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | beat | 2× |
| derarantoisδείραντες | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine | beat | 4× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 7 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | deramō | derame | derami | derama | deramē | deramelē |
| you 2nd person singular | derasō1×δέρεις | derase | derasi | derasa | derasē | deraselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | deratō1×δέρει | derate | derati | derata | deratē | deratelē |
| we 1st person plural | deranō | derane | derani | derana | deranē | deranelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | deravō | derave | deravi | derava | deravē | deravelē |
| they 3rd person plural | deralō | derale | derali | derala2×ἔδειραν | deralē | deralelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | deromō | derome | deromē | deromelē |
| you 2nd person singular | derosō | derose | derosē | deroselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | derotō | derote | derotē | derotelē |
| we 1st person plural | deronō | derone | deronē | deronelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | derovō | derove | derovē | derovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | derolō | derole | derolē | derolelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | derimi | derima |
| you 2nd person singular | derisi | derisa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | deriti2×δαρήσεται | derita |
| we 1st person plural | derini | derina |
| ye 2nd person plural | derivi1×δαρήσεσθε | deriva |
| they 3rd person plural | derili | derila |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | derameiō | derameia | derameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | deraseiō | deraseia | deraseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | derateiō | derateia | derateiē |
| we 1st person plural | deraneiō | deraneia | deraneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | deraveiō | deraveia | deraveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | deraleiō | deraleia | deraleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | deromeiō | deromeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | deroseiō | deroseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | deroteiō | deroteiē |
| we 1st person plural | deroneiō | deroneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | deroveiō | deroveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | deroleiō | deroleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | derimeia |
| you 2nd person singular | deriseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | deriteia |
| we 1st person plural | derineia |
| ye 2nd person plural | deriveia |
| they 3rd person plural | derileia |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | derasōr | derasar | derasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | deratōr | deratar | deratēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | deravōr | deravar | deravēr |
| they 3rd person plural | deralōr | deralar | deralēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | derosōr | derosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | derotōr | derotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | derovōr | derovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | derolōr | derolēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | derisar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | deritar |
| ye 2nd person plural | derivar |
| they 3rd person plural | derilar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | deramoiō | deramoia |
| you 2nd person singular | derasoiō | derasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | deratoiō | deratoia |
| we 1st person plural | deranoiō | deranoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | deravoiō | deravoia |
| they 3rd person plural | deraloiō | deraloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | deromoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | derosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | derotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | deronoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | derovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | deroloiō |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | derimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | derisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | deritoia |
| we 1st person plural | derinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | derivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | deriloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | derarō | derari | derara | derarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | derorō | derorē | ||
| acted on passive voice | deriri | derira |
Used as an adjective — participle, 8 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | derarōntos4×δέρων | derarintos | derarantos4× | derarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | derorōntos | derorēntos | ||
| acted on passive voice | deririntos | derirantos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
der is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
15 occurrences, every one of them listed
derasō“strike”happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular1×
John 18:23… kakoseu; ei de kalōs, tinem min derasō?… I spoke correctly, why did you strike Me?”
deratō“strikes”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular1×
2 Corinthians 11:20… eparotō, ei tinos eis prosōpem vin deratō.… of you or exalts himself or strikes you in the face.
deriti“beaten”will happen · he/she/itfuture passive indicative 3rd person singular2×
Luke 12:47… ē poiarantos pros tem thelēmem autou deriti pollain;… or follow his instructions will be beaten with many blows.
Luke 12:48“receive a … beating”… mē gnōskarantos poiarantos de axieim plēgaiu deriti oligain. panto de ho dōita pollem, …… blows. From everyone who has been given much, much will be …
derivi“beaten”will happen · yefuture passive indicative 2nd person plural1×
Mark 13:9… vin eis sunedrieim kai eis sunagōgain derivi kai epi hēgemonoiu kai basilevoiu stēivi …… delivered over to the councils and beaten in the synagogues. On My account …
derala“beat”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural2×
Matthew 21:35… geōrgois toin douloin autou hon men derala, hon de apoktenala, hon de lithobolala.… the tenants seized his servants. They beat one, killed another, and stoned a …
Mark 12:3kai labarantois auton derala kai apostelala kenon.But they seized the servant, beat him, and sent him away empty-handed.
derarōntos“beat”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine2×
Acts 22:19… epistolō hoti mis ome fulakizarōntos kai derarōntos kata tain sunagōgain toin pisteuarōntoin epi …… synagogue after another I imprisoned and beat those who believed in You.
1 Corinthians 9:26… adēlōs, houtōs pukteuamō hōs ouk aeron derarōntos;… do not fight like I am beating the air.
derarōntois“beat”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine2×
Mark 12:5… apoktenala, kai polloin allosoin, hoin men derarōntois hoin de apoktenarōntois.… He sent many others; some they beat and others they killed.
Luke 22:63… androis tois sunecharōntois auton empaizale auto derarōntois,… Jesus began to mock Him and beat Him.
derarantois“beat”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine4×
Luke 20:10… auto; tois de geōrgois exapostelala auton derarantois kenon.… of the vineyard. But the tenants beat the servant and sent him away …
Luke 20:11… heteron pempara doulon; tois de kakeinon derarantois kai atimazarantois exapostelala kenon.… he sent another servant, but they beat him and treated him shamefully, sending …
Acts 5:40kai proskalerantois toin apostoloin derarantois parangelala mē lalarō epi te onome …… the apostles in and had them flogged. Then they ordered them not to …
Acts 16:37“beaten”tos de Paulos fēate pros autoin; Derarantois nin dēmosia akatakritoin, anthrōpoin Rōmaioin huparcharōntoin, …But Paul said to the officers, “They beat us publicly without a trial and threw us into prison, even though we are Roman citizens. And now do they want to send us away secretly? Absolutely not! Let them come themselves …