verb
epikeiomō
Strong’sG1945
I lie upon, am insistent
stem epikei-7 times in the New Testamentin 5 of 27 books7 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
ἐπι-κείμαι
[in LXX: Ex 36:40 (39:31) (נָתַן), Jb 19:3 (הָכַר hi.) 21:27 (חָמַס), I Mac 6:57, II Mac 1:21, III Mac 1:22 *;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G1945 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
serving as passive to ἐπιτίθημι, to be laid upon, and so,
I. of doors, to be put to or closed Refs 8th c.BC+
I.2. generally, to be placed, lie in or on, with dative, ἐπισκύνιον ἐπέκειτο προσώπῳ Refs 3rd c.BC+
I.3. of islands, νῆσοι ἐπὶ Λήμνῳ (-ου codices) ἐπικείμεναι lying off Lemnos, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ [τῇ Λακαίνῃ χώρῃRefs the islands off the coast, Refs; πάσῃ ἐ. τῇ θαλάσσῃ lies right across the sea, of Crete, Refs 2nd c.BC+
II. to be laid upon, ἐμοὶ σφρηγὶς ἐπικείσθω τοῖσδ᾽ ἔπεσι Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐπίκειται ἀγνώμων σῇ κεφαλῇ στέφανος NT+8th c.BC+; of a duty, οἷς ἐπέκειτο φροντίζειν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.786f.
II.2. press upon, be urgent in entreaty, Refs 5th c.BC+; press upon a retreating enemy, attack, Βοιωτοῖσι Refs; to be urgent against, Refs; ἐπεκείμην αὐτοῖς ἐνοχλῶν “PLips.” 36.7 Refs 5th c.BC+; of a crowd, ἐ. τινί NT.Luke.5.1.
II.3. hang over, τηλικούτων ἐπικειμένων τῷ μοιχεύοντι κακῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.1.5; of penalties, θάνατος ἡ ζημίη ἐπίκειται the penalty imposed is death, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷ ἄρξαντι μεγάλα ἐπιτίμια ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+
II.4. of a name, to be imposed, Refs
II.5. metaphorically, σκώμματα ἐπικείμενα suitable to the purpose, pointed, Refs
II.6. to be set in authority, ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρός “Corpus Hermeticum” 1.13; ἐπικείμενος Ἀλεξανδρείας “PLips.” 102i8, etc.
III. with accusative of things, especially in participle, κἀπικείμενον κάρα κυνέας head with helmet set thereon, Refs 3rd c.AD+; στέφανον ἐπικείμενος with a crown on one's head, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἄπικας ἐπικείμενοι ταῖς κεφαλαῖς 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 2.70; σεμνὸν ἐπικειμένη τὸ κάλλος 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 11.6.9; ἀγγέλου ἢ θεράποντος ἐπικείμενος πρόσωπον 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lysander” 23; ἐπέκειτο ὠτειλάς he bore scars upon him, Refs; ἱερὰν ἐσθῆτα ἐ. Refs; κιθάραν.. κόλλοπας ἐπικειμένην fitted with pegs, Refs 2nd c.AD+ exposed to.. , Refs
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| epikeiotōἐπίκειται | happening now · he/she/itpresent middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular | laid | 1× |
| epikeioteἐπέκειτο | was happening · he/she/itimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular | lying | 1× |
| epikeioleἐπέκειντο | was happening · theyimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural | insistent | 1× |
| epikeiorōἐπικεῖσθαι | happening now · the “to …” formpresent middle or passive infinitive | pressing in | 1× |
| epikeiorōntemἐπικείμενον | happening now · objectpresent middle or passive participle direct singular neuter | lying on | 1× |
| epikeiorōntouἐπικειμένου | happening now · of, belonging topresent middle or passive participle genitive singular masculine | raged | 1× |
| epikeiorōnteimἐπικείμενα | happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle direct plural neuter | imposed | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 54, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 3 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epikeiomō | epikeiome | epikeiomē | epikeiomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | epikeiosō | epikeiose | epikeiosē | epikeioselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epikeiotō1×ἐπίκειται | epikeiote1×ἐπέκειτο | epikeiotē | epikeiotelē |
| we 1st person plural | epikeionō | epikeione | epikeionē | epikeionelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | epikeiovō | epikeiove | epikeiovē | epikeiovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | epikeiolō | epikeiole1×ἐπέκειντο | epikeiolē | epikeiolelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epikeiomeiō | epikeiomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | epikeioseiō | epikeioseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epikeioteiō | epikeioteiē |
| we 1st person plural | epikeioneiō | epikeioneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | epikeioveiō | epikeioveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | epikeioleiō | epikeioleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | epikeiosōr | epikeiosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epikeiotōr | epikeiotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | epikeiovōr | epikeiovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | epikeiolōr | epikeiolēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epikeiomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | epikeiosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epikeiotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | epikeionoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | epikeiovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | epikeioloiō |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | epikeiorō1×ἐπικεῖσθαι | epikeiorē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 3 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | epikeiorōntos3× | epikeiorēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
epikei is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
7 occurrences, every one of them listed
epikeiotō“laid”happening now · he/she/itpresent middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular1×
1 Corinthians 9:16“laid”… atō mi kauchēmem, anankas gar mi epikeiotō; ouai gar mi atō ean mē …… the gospel, I have no reason to boast, because I am obligated to preach. Woe to me if I do not preach the …
epikeiote“lying”was happening · he/she/itimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular1×
John 11:38“lying”… mnēmeiem; ate de spēlaiem, kai lithos epikeiote epi aute.… to the tomb. It was a cave with a stone laid across …
epikeiole“insistent”was happening · theyimperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural1×
Luke 23:23tois de epikeiole fōnai megai aitorōntois auton staurira, kai …But they were insistent, demanding with loud voices for Jesus …
epikeiorō“pressing in”happening now · the “to …” formpresent middle or passive infinitive1×
Luke 5:1Geneta de en te ton ochlon epikeiorō auto kai akouarō ton logon tou …… Lake of Gennesaret with the crowd pressing in on Him to hear the word …
epikeiorōntem“lying on”happening now · objectpresent middle or passive participle direct singular neuter1×
John 21:9“lying on”… gēan blepalō anthrakian keiorōntan kai opsariem epikeiorōntem kai arton.… landed, they saw a charcoal fire there with fish on it, and some bread.
epikeiorōntou“raged”happening now · of, belonging topresent middle or passive participle genitive singular masculine1×
Acts 27:20“raged”… polloterain hēmerain, cheimōnou tē ouk oligou epikeiorōntou, loipem periairote elpidas pantas teu sōzorō …… appeared for many days and the great storm continued to batter us, we abandoned all hope of being saved.
epikeiorōnteim“imposed”happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle direct plural neuter1×
Hebrews 9:10… baptismoi, dikaiōmeim sarkau mechris kairou diorthōsiau epikeiorōnteim.… drink and special washings — external regulations imposed until the time of reform.