verb
kopiamō
Greekκοπιάω (kopiaō)
Strong’sG2872
I grow weary, toil
stem kopi-23 times in the New Testamentin 14 of 27 books19 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
κοπιάω, -ῶ
(< κόπος), [in LXX chiefly for יגע;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G2872 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidkop-ee-ah'-o
to feel fatigue; by implication, to work hard
Fromfrom a derivative of G2873;
King James(bestow) labour, toil, be wearied.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| kopiamōκοπιῶ | happening now · Ipresent active indicative 1st person singular | labor | 1× |
| kopiatōκοπιᾷ | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | toil | 1× |
| kopianōκοπιῶμεν | happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural | labor | 2× |
| kopialōκοπιῶσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | toil | 1× |
| kopiamaἐκοπίασα | happened · Iaorist active indicative 1st person singular | labor | 2× |
| kopiataἐκοπίασεν | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | worked | 2× |
| kopiamēκεκοπίακα | has happened · Iperfect active indicative 1st person singular | labored | 1× |
| kopiasēκεκοπίακες | has happened · youperfect active indicative 2nd person singular | grown weary | 1× |
| kopiavēκεκοπιάκατε | has happened · yeperfect active indicative 2nd person plural | labor | 1× |
| kopialēκεκοπιάκασιν | has happened · theyperfect active indicative 3rd person plural | labored | 1× |
| kopiatōrκοπιάτω | happening now · he/she/itpresent active imperative 3rd person singular | labor | 1× |
| kopiarōtonκοπιῶντα | happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative singular masculine | hard-working | 1× |
| kopiarōtoκοπιῶντι | happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative singular masculine | labors | 1× |
| kopiarōtoisκοπιῶντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | labor | 1× |
| kopiarōtoinκοπιῶντας | happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative plural masculine | labor | 2× |
| kopiarōtainκοπιώσας | happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative plural feminine | workers | 1× |
| kopiarōtoirκοπιῶντες | happening now · direct addresspresent active participle vocative plural masculine | labor | 1× |
| kopiaratoisκοπιάσαντες | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine | worked hard | 1× |
| kopiarētosκεκοπιακὼς | has happened · subjectperfect active participle nominative singular masculine | wearied | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 13 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | kopiamō1×κοπιῶ | kopiame | kopiami | kopiama2×ἐκοπίασα | kopiamē1×κεκοπίακα | kopiamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | kopiasō | kopiase | kopiasi | kopiasa | kopiasē1×κεκοπίακες | kopiaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kopiatō1×κοπιᾷ | kopiate | kopiati | kopiata2×ἐκοπίασεν | kopiatē | kopiatelē |
| we 1st person plural | kopianō2×κοπιῶμεν | kopiane | kopiani | kopiana | kopianē | kopianelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | kopiavō | kopiave | kopiavi | kopiava | kopiavē1×κεκοπιάκατε | kopiavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | kopialō1×κοπιῶσιν | kopiale | kopiali | kopiala | kopialē1×κεκοπιάκασιν | kopialelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | kopiameiō | kopiameia | kopiameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | kopiaseiō | kopiaseia | kopiaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kopiateiō | kopiateia | kopiateiē |
| we 1st person plural | kopianeiō | kopianeia | kopianeiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | kopiaveiō | kopiaveia | kopiaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | kopialeiō | kopialeia | kopialeiē |
Commands — imperative mood, 1 occurrence
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | kopiasōr | kopiasar | kopiasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kopiatōr1×κοπιάτω | kopiatar | kopiatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | kopiavōr | kopiavar | kopiavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | kopialōr | kopialar | kopialēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | kopiamoiō | kopiamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | kopiasoiō | kopiasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | kopiatoiō | kopiatoia |
| we 1st person plural | kopianoiō | kopianoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | kopiavoiō | kopiavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | kopialoiō | kopialoia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | kopiarō | kopiari | kopiara | kopiarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 9 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | kopiarōtos7× | kopiaritos | kopiaratos1× | kopiarētos1×κεκοπιακὼς |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
kopi is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
23 occurrences, every one of them listed
kopiamō“labor”happening now · Ipresent active indicative 1st person singular1×
Colossians 1:29“labor”eis hem kai kopiamō agōnizerōtos kata tan energeian autou tan energerōtan en mi en dunamia.To this end I also labor, striving with all His energy working powerfully within me.
kopiatō“toil”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Luke 12:27“toil”katanoavar teim krineim pōs auxanatō; ouk kopiatō oude nēthatō; legamō de vi, oude Solomōnos en panta ta doxa autou periballeta hōs henem houteiu.Consider how the lilies grow: They do not labor or spin. Yet I tell you, not even Solomon in all his glory was adorned like one of these.
kopianō“labor”happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural2×
1 Corinthians 4:12“labor”kai kopianō ergazerōtois tai idiai cheirai; loidorirōtois euloganō, diōkirōtois anechenō,We work hard with our own hands. When we are vilified, we bless; when we are persecuted, we endure it;
1 Timothy 4:10“labor”eis houtem gar kopianō kai oneidizinō, hoti elpizanē epi theo zōarōto, hos atō sōtēros pantoiu anthrōpoiu, malista pistoiu.To this end we labor and strive, because we have set our hope on the living God, who is the Savior of everyone, and especially of those who believe.
kopialō“toil”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Matthew 6:28“toil”kai peri endumeu tinem merimnavō? katamathavar teim krineim tou agrou pōs auxanalō; ouk kopialō oude nēthalō;And why do you worry about clothes? Consider how the lilies of the field grow: They do not labor or spin.
kopiama“labor”happened · Iaorist active indicative 1st person singular2×
1 Corinthians 15:10“worked”charia de theou amō hem amō, kai tas charias autou tas eis min ouk kenas ginita, alla perissoterem autoiu pantoiu kopiama, ouk mis de alla tas charias tou theou tas sun mi.But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace to me was not in vain. No, I worked harder than all of them — yet not I, but the grace of God that was with me.
Philippians 2:16“labor”logon zōau epecharōtois, eis kauchēmem mi eis hēmeran Christou, hoti ouk eis kenem trechama oude eis kenem kopiama.as you hold forth the word of life, in order that I may boast on the day of Christ that I did not run or labor in vain.
kopiata“worked”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular2×
Romans 16:6“worked”aspazevar Mariam, hotinas polleim kopiata eis vin.Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you.
Romans 16:12“worked”aspazevar Trufainan kai Trufōsan tain kopiarōtain en kurio. aspazevar Persian tan agapētan, hotinas polleim kopiata en kurio.Greet Tryphena and Tryphosa, women who have worked hard in the Lord. Greet my beloved Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord.
kopiamē“labored”has happened · Iperfect active indicative 1st person singular1×
Galatians 4:11“labored”fobemō vin mē pōs eikē kopiamē eis vin.I fear for you, that my efforts for you may have been in vain.
kopiasē“grown weary”has happened · youperfect active indicative 2nd person singular1×
Revelation 2:3“grown weary”kai hupomonan echasō, kai bastazasa dia tem onomem mu, kai ouk kopiasē.Without growing weary, you have persevered and endured many things for the sake of My name.
kopiavē“labor”has happened · yeperfect active indicative 2nd person plural1×
John 4:38“labor”mis apostelama vin therizarō hem ouk vis kopiavē; allois kopialē, kai vis eis ton kopon autoiu eiserchavē.I sent you to reap what you have not worked for; others have done the hard work, and now you have taken up their labor.”
kopialē“labored”has happened · theyperfect active indicative 3rd person plural1×
John 4:38“labored”mis apostelama vin therizarō hem ouk vis kopiavē; allois kopialē, kai vis eis ton kopon autoiu eiserchavē.I sent you to reap what you have not worked for; others have done the hard work, and now you have taken up their labor.”
kopiatōr“labor”happening now · he/she/itpresent active imperative 3rd person singular1×
Ephesians 4:28“labor”tos kleptarōtos mēketi kleptatōr, mallon de kopiatōr ergazerōtos tai idiai cheirai tem agathem, hina echateiō metadōarō to chreian echarōto.He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing good with his own hands, that he may have something to share with the one in need.
kopiarōton“hard-working”happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative singular masculine1×
2 Timothy 2:6“hard-working”ton kopiarōton geōrgon datō prōtem toiu karpoiu metalambarō.The hardworking farmer should be the first to partake of the crops.
kopiarōto“labors”happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative singular masculine1×
1 Corinthians 16:16“labors”hina kai vis hupotassiveiō toi toioutoi kai panto to sunergarōto kai kopiarōto.to submit to such as these, and to every fellow worker and laborer.
kopiarōtois“labor”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine1×
1 Timothy 5:17“labor”Tois kalōs proistanarētois presbuterois diplouau timau axiilōr, malista tois kopiarōtois en logo kai didaskalia;Elders who lead effectively are worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching.
kopiarōtoin“labor”happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative plural masculine2×
Acts 20:35“working hard”panteim hupodeiknuama vi hoti houtōs kopiarōtoin datō antilambanerō toiu asthenarōtoiu, mnēmoneuarō tē toiu logoiu tou kuriou Iēsu hoti autos legata Makariem atō mallon dōarō ē lambarō.In everything, I showed you that by this kind of hard work we must help the weak, remembering the words of the Lord Jesus Himself: ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’ ”
1 Thessalonians 5:12“labor”Erōtanō de vin, adelfoir, oidarē toin kopiarōtoin en vi kai proistanerōtoin vu en kurio kai nouthetarōtoin vin,But we ask you, brothers, to acknowledge those who work diligently among you, who care for you in the Lord and who admonish you.
kopiarōtain“workers”happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative plural feminine1×
Romans 16:12“workers”aspazevar Trufainan kai Trufōsan tain kopiarōtain en kurio. aspazevar Persian tan agapētan, hotinas polleim kopiata en kurio.Greet Tryphena and Tryphosa, women who have worked hard in the Lord. Greet my beloved Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord.
kopiarōtoir“labor”happening now · direct addresspresent active participle vocative plural masculine1×
Matthew 11:28“labor”Deute pros min pantoir toir kopiarōtoir kai fortizirētoir, kamis anapauami vin.Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.
kopiaratois“worked hard”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Luke 5:5“worked hard”kai apokriniratos Simōnos legata; Epistator, dia holau nuxau kopiaratois oudenem lambana, epi de te rēme su chalami teim diktueim.“Master,” Simon replied, “we have worked hard all night without catching anything. But because You say so, I will let down the nets.”
kopiarētos“wearied”has happened · subjectperfect active participle nominative singular masculine1×
John 4:6“wearied”ate de ekei pēgas tou Iakōb. tos oun Iēsus kopiarētos ek tau hodoiporiau kathezete houtōs epi ta pēga; hōras ate hōs hektas.Since Jacob’s well was there, Jesus, weary from His journey, sat down by the well. It was about the sixth hour.