verb
nēsteuamō
Greekνηστεύω (nēsteuō)
Strong’sG3522
I fast
stem nēsteu-20 times in the New Testamentin 4 of 27 books12 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
νηστεύω
(< νῆστις), [in LXX for צוּם;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G3522 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidnace-tyoo'-o
to abstain from food (religiously)
Fromfrom G3523;
King Jamesfast.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| nēsteuamōνηστεύω | happening now · Ipresent active indicative 1st person singular | fast | 1× |
| nēsteuanōνηστεύομεν | happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural | fast | 1× |
| nēsteualōνηστεύουσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | fast | 4× |
| nēsteualiνηστεύσουσιν | will happen · theyfuture active indicative 3rd person plural | fast | 3× |
| nēsteuaveiōνηστεύητε | happening now · yepresent active subjunctive 2nd person plural | fast | 1× |
| nēsteuarōνηστεύειν | happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive | fast | 2× |
| nēsteuaraνηστεῦσαι | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | fast | 1× |
| nēsteuarōtosνηστεύων | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine | fast | 2× |
| nēsteuarōtoisνηστεύοντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | fasting | 2× |
| nēsteuarōtoiuνηστευόντων | happening now · of, belonging topresent active participle genitive plural masculine | fasting | 1× |
| nēsteuaratosνηστεύσας | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine | fasted | 1× |
| nēsteuaratoisνηστεύσαντες | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine | fasted | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 9 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | nēsteuamō1×νηστεύω | nēsteuame | nēsteuami | nēsteuama | nēsteuamē | nēsteuamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | nēsteuasō | nēsteuase | nēsteuasi | nēsteuasa | nēsteuasē | nēsteuaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | nēsteuatō | nēsteuate | nēsteuati | nēsteuata | nēsteuatē | nēsteuatelē |
| we 1st person plural | nēsteuanō1×νηστεύομεν | nēsteuane | nēsteuani | nēsteuana | nēsteuanē | nēsteuanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | nēsteuavō | nēsteuave | nēsteuavi | nēsteuava | nēsteuavē | nēsteuavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | nēsteualō4×νηστεύουσιν | nēsteuale | nēsteuali3×νηστεύσουσιν | nēsteuala | nēsteualē | nēsteualelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 1 occurrence
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | nēsteuameiō | nēsteuameia | nēsteuameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | nēsteuaseiō | nēsteuaseia | nēsteuaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | nēsteuateiō | nēsteuateia | nēsteuateiē |
| we 1st person plural | nēsteuaneiō | nēsteuaneia | nēsteuaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | nēsteuaveiō1×νηστεύητε | nēsteuaveia | nēsteuaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | nēsteualeiō | nēsteualeia | nēsteualeiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | nēsteuasōr | nēsteuasar | nēsteuasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | nēsteuatōr | nēsteuatar | nēsteuatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | nēsteuavōr | nēsteuavar | nēsteuavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | nēsteualōr | nēsteualar | nēsteualēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | nēsteuamoiō | nēsteuamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | nēsteuasoiō | nēsteuasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | nēsteuatoiō | nēsteuatoia |
| we 1st person plural | nēsteuanoiō | nēsteuanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | nēsteuavoiō | nēsteuavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | nēsteualoiō | nēsteualoia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 3 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | nēsteuarō2×νηστεύειν | nēsteuari | nēsteuara1×νηστεῦσαι | nēsteuarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 7 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | nēsteuarōtos5×νηστεύων | nēsteuaritos | nēsteuaratos2×νηστεύσας | nēsteuarētos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
nēsteu is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
20 occurrences, every one of them listed
nēsteuamō“fast”happening now · Ipresent active indicative 1st person singular1×
Luke 18:12“fast”nēsteuamō dis teu sabbateu, apodekatamō panteim hoseim ktemō.I fast twice a week and pay tithes of all that I acquire.’
nēsteuanō“fast”happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural1×
Matthew 9:14“fast”Tote proserchelō auto tois mathētois Iōannou legarōtois; Dia tinem nis kai tois Farisaiois nēsteuanō polleim, tois de mathētois su ouk nēsteualō?Then John’s disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why is it that we and the Pharisees fast so often, but Your disciples do not fast?”
nēsteualō“fast”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural4×
Matthew 9:14“fast”Tote proserchelō auto tois mathētois Iōannou legarōtois; Dia tinem nis kai tois Farisaiois nēsteuanō polleim, tois de mathētois su ouk nēsteualō?Then John’s disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why is it that we and the Pharisees fast so often, but Your disciples do not fast?”
Mark 2:18“fast”Kai ale tois mathētois Iōannou kai tois Farisaiois nēsteuarōtois. kai erchelō kai legalō auto; Dia tinem tois mathētois Iōannou kai tois mathētois toiu Farisaioiu nēsteualō, tois de sois mathētois ouk nēsteualō?Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were often fasting. So people came to Jesus and asked, “Why don’t Your disciples fast like John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees?”
Mark 2:18“fast”Kai ale tois mathētois Iōannou kai tois Farisaiois nēsteuarōtois. kai erchelō kai legalō auto; Dia tinem tois mathētois Iōannou kai tois mathētois toiu Farisaioiu nēsteualō, tois de sois mathētois ouk nēsteualō?Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were often fasting. So people came to Jesus and asked, “Why don’t Your disciples fast like John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees?”
Luke 5:33“fast”Tois de legala pros auton; Tois mathētois Iōannou nēsteualō pukneim kai deēsiain poielō, homoiōs kai tois toiu Farisaioiu, tois de sois esthialō kai pinalō.Then they said to Him, “John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees frequently fast and pray, but Yours keep on eating and drinking.”
nēsteuali“fast”will happen · theyfuture active indicative 3rd person plural3×
Matthew 9:15“fast”kai legata autoi tos Iēsus; Mē dunelō tois huiois tou numfōnou pentharō epi hoson meta autoiu atō tos numfios? ercheli de hēmerais hotan apairiteia apo autoiu tos numfios, kai tote nēsteuali.Jesus replied, “How can the guests of the bridegroom mourn while He is with them? But the time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast.
Mark 2:20“fast”ercheli de hēmerais hotan apairiteia apo autoiu tos numfios, kai tote nēsteuali en ekeina ta hēmera.But the time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast.
Luke 5:35“fast”ercheli de hēmerais, kai hotan apairiteia apo autoiu tos numfios tote nēsteuali en ekeinai tai hēmerai.But the time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast.”
nēsteuaveiō“fast”happening now · yepresent active subjunctive 2nd person plural1×
Matthew 6:16“fast”Hotan de nēsteuaveiō, mē ginevōr hōs tois hupokritois skuthrōpois, afanizalō gar teim prosōpeim autoiu hopōs fainileia toi anthrōpoi nēsteuarōtois; amēn legamō vi, apechalō ton misthon autoiu.When you fast, do not be somber like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they already have their full reward.
nēsteuarō“fast”happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive2×
Mark 2:19“fast”kai legata autoi tos Iēsus; Mē dunelō tois huiois tou numfōnou en ho tos numfios meta autoiu atō nēsteuarō? hoson chronon echalō ton numfion meta autoiu ouk dunelō nēsteuarō;Jesus replied, “How can the guests of the bridegroom fast while He is with them? As long as He is with them, they cannot fast.
Mark 2:19“fast”kai legata autoi tos Iēsus; Mē dunelō tois huiois tou numfōnou en ho tos numfios meta autoiu atō nēsteuarō? hoson chronon echalō ton numfion meta autoiu ouk dunelō nēsteuarō;Jesus replied, “How can the guests of the bridegroom fast while He is with them? As long as He is with them, they cannot fast.
nēsteuara“fast”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive1×
Luke 5:34“fast”tos de legata pros autoin; Mē dunevō toin huioin tou numfōnou en ho tos numfios meta autoiu atō poiara nēsteuara?Jesus replied, “Can you make the guests of the bridegroom fast while He is with them?
nēsteuarōtos“fast”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine2×
Matthew 6:17“fast”sis de nēsteuarōtos aleifesar su tan kefalan kai tem prosōpem su niptesar,But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face,
Matthew 6:18“fasting”hopōs mē fainiseia toi anthrōpoi nēsteuarōtos alla to patēro su to en te krufaie; kai tos patēros su tos bleparōtos en te krufaie apodōati si.so that your fasting will not be obvious to men, but only to your Father, who is unseen. And your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.
nēsteuarōtois“fasting”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine2×
Matthew 6:16“fasting”Hotan de nēsteuaveiō, mē ginevōr hōs tois hupokritois skuthrōpois, afanizalō gar teim prosōpeim autoiu hopōs fainileia toi anthrōpoi nēsteuarōtois; amēn legamō vi, apechalō ton misthon autoiu.When you fast, do not be somber like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they already have their full reward.
Mark 2:18“fasting”Kai ale tois mathētois Iōannou kai tois Farisaiois nēsteuarōtois. kai erchelō kai legalō auto; Dia tinem tois mathētois Iōannou kai tois mathētois toiu Farisaioiu nēsteualō, tois de sois mathētois ouk nēsteualō?Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were often fasting. So people came to Jesus and asked, “Why don’t Your disciples fast like John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees?”
nēsteuarōtoiu“fasting”happening now · of, belonging topresent active participle genitive plural masculine1×
Acts 13:2“fasting”leitourgarōtoiu de autoiu to kurio kai nēsteuarōtoiu legata tem pneumem tem hagiem; Aforizavar dē mi ton Barnabaon kai Saulon eis tem ergem hem proskalemē autoin.While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.”
nēsteuaratos“fasted”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Matthew 4:2“fasted”kai nēsteuaratos hēmerain tesserakonta kai nuxain tesserakonta husterem peinata.After fasting forty days and forty nights, He was hungry.
nēsteuaratois“fasted”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Acts 13:3“fasted”tote nēsteuaratois kai proseucheratois kai epititharatois tain cheirain autoi apoluala.And after they had fasted and prayed, they laid their hands on them and sent them off.