verb
tuptamō
Strong’sG5180
I beat, strike, wound, inflict punishment
stem tupt-13 times in the New Testamentin 5 of 27 books6 forms occur
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
τύπτω means to beat, strike, or smite 1234, often through repeated blows rather than a single stroke 2. It is used of a person striking another with the hand or an object 13, including blows to the cheek or head 1, and of mourners beating their own breasts in grief 13. Strong's notes that this repeated-blow sense sets it apart from other Greek words for a single blow with the hand, fist, or palm, or for an accidental collision 2.
The word is also used figuratively 123: of God striking someone with punishment or affliction 13, and of a troubled conscience being wounded or struck 123.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
τύπτω
[in LXX chiefly for נכה hi.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G5180 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidtoop'-to
to "thump", i.e. cudgel or pummel (properly, with a stick or bastinado), but in any case by repeated blows; thus differing from G3817 and G3960, which denote a (usually single) blow with the hand or any instrument, or G4141 with the fist (or a hammer), or G4474 with the palm; as well as from G5177, an accidental collision); by implication, to punish; figuratively, to offend (the conscience)
Froma primary verb (in a strengthened form);
King Jamesbeat, smite, strike, wound.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
Refs 8th c.BC+: future τύψω Refs 4th c.AD+aorist 1 ἔτυψα, Epic dialect τύψα, Refs 8th c.BC+, but rare in Trag. and Attic dialect, as Refs 5th c.BC+: Attic dialect future τυπτήσω Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 1 ἐτύπτησα first in Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 2 ἔτῠπον Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle τετυπόντες Refs 3rd c.BC+perfect τέτῠφα only in Refs 2nd c.AD+:— middle, Refs 7th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἐτυψάμην Refs 5th c.BC+future (in passive sense) τυπτήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, aorist 1 ἐτύφθην Refs 1st c.AD+aorist 2 ἐτύπην [ῠ] Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect τέτυμμαι Refs 8th c.BC+, infinitive τετύφθαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—In Attic dialect and LXX the future and aorist are supplied by πατάσσω, e.g. τύπτει.. καὶ καταβάλλει πατάξας Refs 5th c.BC+; later sometimes by παίω, e.g. ὁ δὲ παίσας ἐπερωτᾷ ποτέρᾳ τετύπτηκεν Refs 2nd c.AD+; the perfect by πλήσσ; the passive partly (especially in perfect and aorist) by πλήσσω: a complete paradigm of this verb is given by Refs 4th c.AD+:—beat, strike, smite, τύπτουσιν ῥοπάλοισι (i.e. τὸν ὄνον) Refs 8th c.BC+; φασγάνῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; μάστιγι Legal cited in Refs 8th c.BC+: with a preposition, Φόρκυνα.. κατὰ γαστέρα τύψε Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐγκύμονά τις ἔτυψε κατὰ γαστρός [NT+5th c.BC+; τ. χαλκώματα beat pots and pans (to make a noise), Refs 2nd c.AD+: absolutely, strike, τύπτε δ᾽ ἐπιστροφάδην Refs 8th c.BC+; Ζέφυρος λαίλαπι τύπτων beating with fury, Refs 8th c.BC+
2 even of missiles, ἐκ χειρὸς τοῖς λίθοις τύπτοντες Refs 8th c.BC+
3 later, sting, ὄφις υ᾽ ἔτυψε μικρός Refs 5th c.BC+
4 metaphorically, τὸν δ᾽ ἄχος ὀξὺ κατὰ φρένα τύψε βαθεῖαν sharp grief smote him to the heart, Refs 8th c.BC+; τύπτειν τὴν συνείδησίν τινος ἀσθενοῦσαν wound his conscience, NT; of divine punishment, ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ τύπτων LXX+NT
5 strike a coin, ἐξ ἀργύρου τυπτόμενον νόμισμα Refs 2nd c.BC+
II middle τύπτομαι, beat, strike oneself, especially, like{κόπτομαι}, beat one's breast for grief, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative person, mourn for a person, Refs
III passive, to be beaten, struck, or wounded, δουρὶ τυπείς Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπὸ δουρίRefs 8th c.BC+
III.2 with accusative cognate, receive blows or wounds, ἕλκεα.. ὅσσ᾽ ἐτύπη Refs 8th c.BC+; τύπτομαι πολλάς (i.e. πληγάς) I get many blows, Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| tuptateἔτυπτε | was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | beat | 1× |
| tuptaleἔτυπτον | was happening · theyimperfect active indicative 3rd person plural | struck | 3× |
| tuptarōτύπτειν | happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive | beat | 4× |
| tuptorōτύπτεσθαι | happening now · the “to …” formpresent middle or passive infinitive | struck | 1× |
| tuptarōntoτύπτοντί | happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative singular masculine | strikes | 1× |
| tuptarōntoisτύπτοντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | beating | 3× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 140, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 4 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tuptamō | tuptame | tuptami | tuptama | tuptamē | tuptamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | tuptasō | tuptase | tuptasi | tuptasa | tuptasē | tuptaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tuptatō | tuptate1×ἔτυπτε | tuptati | tuptata | tuptatē | tuptatelē |
| we 1st person plural | tuptanō | tuptane | tuptani | tuptana | tuptanē | tuptanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | tuptavō | tuptave | tuptavi | tuptava | tuptavē | tuptavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | tuptalō | tuptale3×ἔτυπτον | tuptali | tuptala | tuptalē | tuptalelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tuptomō | tuptome | tuptomē | tuptomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | tuptosō | tuptose | tuptosē | tuptoselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tuptotō | tuptote | tuptotē | tuptotelē |
| we 1st person plural | tuptonō | tuptone | tuptonē | tuptonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | tuptovō | tuptove | tuptovē | tuptovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | tuptolō | tuptole | tuptolē | tuptolelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tuptameiō | tuptameia | tuptameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | tuptaseiō | tuptaseia | tuptaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tuptateiō | tuptateia | tuptateiē |
| we 1st person plural | tuptaneiō | tuptaneia | tuptaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | tuptaveiō | tuptaveia | tuptaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | tuptaleiō | tuptaleia | tuptaleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tuptomeiō | tuptomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | tuptoseiō | tuptoseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tuptoteiō | tuptoteiē |
| we 1st person plural | tuptoneiō | tuptoneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | tuptoveiō | tuptoveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | tuptoleiō | tuptoleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | tuptasōr | tuptasar | tuptasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tuptatōr | tuptatar | tuptatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | tuptavōr | tuptavar | tuptavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | tuptalōr | tuptalar | tuptalēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | tuptosōr | tuptosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tuptotōr | tuptotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | tuptovōr | tuptovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | tuptolōr | tuptolēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tuptamoiō | tuptamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | tuptasoiō | tuptasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tuptatoiō | tuptatoia |
| we 1st person plural | tuptanoiō | tuptanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | tuptavoiō | tuptavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | tuptaloiō | tuptaloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tuptomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | tuptosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tuptotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | tuptonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | tuptovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | tuptoloiō |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 5 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | tuptarō4×τύπτειν | tuptari | tuptara | tuptarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | tuptorō1×τύπτεσθαι | tuptorē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 4 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | tuptarōntos4× | tuptarintos | tuptarantos | tuptarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | tuptorōntos | tuptorēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
tupt is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
13 occurrences, every one of them listed
tuptate“beat”was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Luke 18:13… ofthalmoin eparara eis ton ouranon, alla tuptate tem stēthem autou legarōntos; Tos theor, …… his eyes to heaven. Instead, he beat his breast and said, ‘God, have …
tuptale“struck”was happening · theyimperfect active indicative 3rd person plural3×
Matthew 27:30… eis auton labala ton kalamon kai tuptale eis tan kefalan autou.… Him and took the staff and struck Him on the head repeatedly.
Mark 15:19“struck”kai tuptale autou tan kefalan kalamo kai emptuale …… striking His head with a staff and spitting on Him. And they knelt …
Acts 18:17epilaberantois de pantois Sōsthenon ton archisunagōgon tuptale emprosthen teu bēmeu; kai oudenem houteiu …… seized Sosthenes the synagogue leader and beat him in front of the judgment …
tuptarō“beat”happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive4×
Matthew 24:49kai archeteia tuptarō toin sundouloin autou, esthiateiō de kai …And he begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat …
Luke 12:45… tos kurios mu erchorō, kai archeteia tuptarō toin paidoin kai tain paidiskain, esthiarō …… in coming,’ and he begins to beat the menservants and maidservants, and to …
Acts 23:2… archierevos Hananios epitassata toi parastēarēntoi auto tuptarō autou tem stomem.… ordered those standing near Paul to strike him on the mouth.
Acts 23:3tote tos Paulos pros auton legata; Tuptarō sin mellatō tos theos, toichor koniorēntor; …… Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall! You sit …
tuptorō“struck”happening now · the “to …” formpresent middle or passive infinitive1×
Acts 23:3… ton nomon, kai paranomarōntos keleuasō min tuptorō?… law by commanding that I be struck.”
tuptarōnto“strikes”happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative singular masculine1×
Luke 6:29to tuptarōnto sin epi tan siagonan parechasōr kai …If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to …
tuptarōntois“beating”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine3×
Luke 23:48… tan theōrian houtan, theōrarantois teim generanteim, tuptarōntois teim stētheim hupostrefale.… what had happened, they returned home beating their breasts.
Acts 21:32… ton chiliarchon kai toin stratiōtoin pauela tuptarōntois ton Paulon.… commander and the soldiers, they stopped beating Paul.
1 Corinthians 8:12“wound”… de hamartarōntois eis toin adelfoin kai tuptarōntois autoiu tan suneidēsian asthenarōntan eis Christon …By sinning against your brothers in this way and wounding their weak conscience, you sin against Christ.