verb
proskoptamō
Strong’sG4350
I stumble
stem proskopt-8 times in the New Testamentin 5 of 27 books4 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
προσ-κόπτω,
[in LXX for נגף, כּשׁל ni., etc.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4350 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidpros-kop'-to
to strike at, i.e. surge against (as water); specially, to stub on, i.e. trip up (literally or figuratively)
King Jamesbeat upon, dash, stumble (at).
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
strike one thing against another, πρὸς λίθον τὸν πόδα LXX+5th c.BC+
b intransitive, stumble or strike against, τινι Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ (i.e. ῥίζῃ κυάμου) Refs 4th c.BC+; of liquid, to be checked by striking against, with dative, Refs 1st c.AD+; πνεῦμα προσκόπτον broken, interrupted breathing, Refs 5th c.BC+
2 π. τῷ ἄξονι encounter friction at.. , Refs 4th c.BC+
II metaphorically, ={προσκρούω} Refsoffend, Refs 3rd c.BC+; οὐ μόνον δυσαρεστήσειν ἀλλὰ καὶ προσκόπτειν ἔμελλε προφανῶς, of an open breach, Refs
II.2 take offence at, ἵνα μή μοι προσκόψῃς Refs 3rd c.BC+; τῇ βαρύτητί τινος Refs 4th c.BC+; of things, π. τῷ ζῆν to be disgusted with life, Refs —passive, δῆμος π. αὐτῷ διά τι being offended with him, Refs 1st c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| proskoptatōπροσκόπτει | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | stumbles | 3× |
| proskoptalōπροσκόπτουσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | stumble | 1× |
| proskoptalaπροσέκοψαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | stumbled | 2× |
| proskoptaseiaπροσκόψῃς | happened · youaorist active subjunctive 2nd person singular | strike | 2× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 6 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskoptamō | proskoptame | proskoptami | proskoptama | proskoptamē | proskoptamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | proskoptasō | proskoptase | proskoptasi | proskoptasa | proskoptasē | proskoptaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskoptatō3×προσκόπτει | proskoptate | proskoptati | proskoptata | proskoptatē | proskoptatelē |
| we 1st person plural | proskoptanō | proskoptane | proskoptani | proskoptana | proskoptanē | proskoptanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskoptavō | proskoptave | proskoptavi | proskoptava | proskoptavē | proskoptavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | proskoptalō1×προσκόπτουσιν | proskoptale | proskoptali | proskoptala2×προσέκοψαν | proskoptalē | proskoptalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 2 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskoptameiō | proskoptameia | proskoptameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | proskoptaseiō | proskoptaseia2×προσκόψῃς | proskoptaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskoptateiō | proskoptateia | proskoptateiē |
| we 1st person plural | proskoptaneiō | proskoptaneia | proskoptaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskoptaveiō | proskoptaveia | proskoptaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | proskoptaleiō | proskoptaleia | proskoptaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | proskoptasōr | proskoptasar | proskoptasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskoptatōr | proskoptatar | proskoptatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskoptavōr | proskoptavar | proskoptavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | proskoptalōr | proskoptalar | proskoptalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskoptamoiō | proskoptamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | proskoptasoiō | proskoptasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskoptatoiō | proskoptatoia |
| we 1st person plural | proskoptanoiō | proskoptanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskoptavoiō | proskoptavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | proskoptaloiō | proskoptaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | proskoptarō | proskoptari | proskoptara | proskoptarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | proskoptarōntos | proskoptarintos | proskoptarantos | proskoptarēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
proskopt is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
8 occurrences, every one of them listed
proskoptatō“stumbles”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular3×
John 11:9… tinos peripatateiō en ta hēmera, ouk proskoptatō, hoti tem fōtem tou kosmou houtou …… in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light …
John 11:10“stumbles”… de tinos peripatateiō en ta nukta, proskoptatō, hoti tem fōtem ouk atō en …But if anyone walks at night, he will stumble, because he has no light.”
Romans 14:21“stumbles”… mēde en he tos adelfos su proskoptatō ē skandalizotō ē asthenatō;… drink wine or to do anything to cause your brother to stumble.
proskoptalō“stumble”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural1×
1 Peter 2:8… lithos proskommeu kai petras skandaleu; hois proskoptalō to logo apeitharōntois; eis hem kai …… and a rock of offense.” They stumble because they disobey the word— and …
proskoptala“stumbled”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural2×
Matthew 7:27… potamois kai pnala tois anemois kai proskoptala ta oikia ekeina, kai piptata, kai …… raged, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell— and …
Romans 9:32… ek pistiau alla hōs ek ergeiu; proskoptala to litho teu proskommeu,… if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone,
proskoptaseia“strike”happened · youaorist active subjunctive 2nd person singular2×
Matthew 4:6… kai epi cheiraiu airali sin, mēpote proskoptaseia pros lithon ton podon su.… hands, so that You will not strike Your foot against a stone.’”
Luke 4:11… hoti Epi cheiraiu airali sin mēpote proskoptaseia pros lithon ton podon su.… hands, so that You will not strike Your foot against a stone.’”