verb

proskoptamō

Greekπροσκόπτω (proskoptō)

Strong’sG4350

I stumble

stem proskopt-8 times in the New Testamentin 5 of 27 books4 forms occur

Translated as

strike2×stumble2×stumbles2×beat against1×stumbled1×

What it means

προσ-κόπτω,

[in LXX for נגף, כּשׁל ni., etc.;]

1. trans., to strike (e.g. hand or foot) against: c. acc. seq. πρός, fig., Mt 4:6, Lk 4:11(LXX).

2. Intrans., to stumble: absol. (To 11:9, Pr 3:23), Jo 11:9, 10; of wind, to rush against, beat upon: c. dat, Mt 7:27. Metaph., in late writers,

(a) to offend (Polyb.);

(b) to take offence at, stumble at: seq. ἐν, Ro 14:21; c. dat., τ. λόγῳ, I Pe 2:8; τ. λίθῳ τ. προσκόμματος, Ro 9:32.†

G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.

Strong’s G4350 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from

Saidpros-kop'-to

to strike at, i.e. surge against (as water); specially, to stub on, i.e. trip up (literally or figuratively)

Fromfrom G4314 and G2875;

King Jamesbeat upon, dash, stumble (at).

James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.

Forms in the New Testament

Form and the Greek behind it	What it is	Usually	Times
proskoptatōπροσκόπτει	happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular	stumbles	3×
proskoptalōπροσκόπτουσιν	happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural	stumble	1×
proskoptalaπροσέκοψαν	happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural	stumbled	2×
proskoptaseiaπροσκόψῃς	happened · youaorist active subjunctive 2nd person singular	strike	2×

Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.

Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses

Statements — indicative mood, 6 occurrences

Who person	happening now present	was happening imperfect	will happen future	happened aorist	has happened perfect	had happened pluperfect
I 1st person singular	proskoptamō	proskoptame	proskoptami	proskoptama	proskoptamē	proskoptamelē
you 2nd person singular	proskoptasō	proskoptase	proskoptasi	proskoptasa	proskoptasē	proskoptaselē
he/she/it 3rd person singular	proskoptatō3×προσκόπτει	proskoptate	proskoptati	proskoptata	proskoptatē	proskoptatelē
we 1st person plural	proskoptanō	proskoptane	proskoptani	proskoptana	proskoptanē	proskoptanelē
ye 2nd person plural	proskoptavō	proskoptave	proskoptavi	proskoptava	proskoptavē	proskoptavelē
they 3rd person plural	proskoptalō1×προσκόπτουσιν	proskoptale	proskoptali	proskoptala2×προσέκοψαν	proskoptalē	proskoptalelē

May, might — subjunctive mood, 2 occurrences

Who person	happening now present	happened aorist	has happened perfect
I 1st person singular	proskoptameiō	proskoptameia	proskoptameiē
you 2nd person singular	proskoptaseiō	proskoptaseia2×προσκόψῃς	proskoptaseiē
he/she/it 3rd person singular	proskoptateiō	proskoptateia	proskoptateiē
we 1st person plural	proskoptaneiō	proskoptaneia	proskoptaneiē
ye 2nd person plural	proskoptaveiō	proskoptaveia	proskoptaveiē
they 3rd person plural	proskoptaleiō	proskoptaleia	proskoptaleiē

Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences

Who person	happening now present	happened aorist	has happened perfect
you 2nd person singular	proskoptasōr	proskoptasar	proskoptasēr
he/she/it 3rd person singular	proskoptatōr	proskoptatar	proskoptatēr
ye 2nd person plural	proskoptavōr	proskoptavar	proskoptavēr
they 3rd person plural	proskoptalōr	proskoptalar	proskoptalēr

Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences

Who person	happening now present	happened aorist
I 1st person singular	proskoptamoiō	proskoptamoia
you 2nd person singular	proskoptasoiō	proskoptasoia
he/she/it 3rd person singular	proskoptatoiō	proskoptatoia
we 1st person plural	proskoptanoiō	proskoptanoia
ye 2nd person plural	proskoptavoiō	proskoptavoia
they 3rd person plural	proskoptaloiō	proskoptaloia

The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences

Who is acting voice	happening now present	will happen future	happened aorist	has happened perfect
the subject acts active voice	proskoptarō	proskoptari	proskoptara	proskoptarē

Used as an adjective — participle, no occurrences

Who is acting voice	happening now present	will happen future	happened aorist	has happened perfect
the subject acts active voice	proskoptarōtos	proskoptaritos	proskoptaratos	proskoptarētos

Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.

How every form is built — the slots that make them

proskoptstem+aeiwho is acting voice+mstnvl—who person+—eiroistatement, command, wish mood+ōeiaēelēwhen tense+—tthen it declines+—ogender+—sits job in the sentence case

proskopt is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.

same in every form varies — every value shown

Where it appears

8 occurrences, every one of them listed

proskoptatō“stumbles”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular3×

John 11:9“stumble”apokrinita Iēsus; Ouchi dōdeka hōrais alō tau hēmerau? ean tinos peripatateiō en ta hēmera, ouk proskoptatō, hoti tem fōtem tou kosmou houtou blepatō;Jesus answered, “Are there not twelve hours of daylight? If anyone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world.

John 11:10“stumbles”ean de tinos peripatateiō en ta nuxa, proskoptatō, hoti tem fōtem ouk atō en auto.But if anyone walks at night, he will stumble, because he has no light.”

Romans 14:21“stumbles”kalem tem mē esthiara kreateim mēde pinara oinon mēde en he tos adelfos su proskoptatō ē skandalizitō ē asthenatō;It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or to do anything to cause your brother to stumble.

proskoptalō“stumble”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural1×

1 Peter 2:8“stumble”kai lithos proskommeu kai petras skandaleu; hois proskoptalō to logo apeitharōtois; eis hem kai tithila.and, “A stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.” They stumble because they disobey the word— and to this they were appointed.

proskoptala“stumbled”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural2×

Matthew 7:27“beat against”kai katabainata tas brochas kai erchala tois potamois kai pnala tois anemois kai proskoptala ta oikia ekeina, kai piptata, kai ate tas ptōsias autau megas.The rain fell, the torrents raged, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell— and great was its collapse!”

Romans 9:32“stumbled”dia tinem? hoti ouk ek pistiau alla hōs ek ergeiu; proskoptala to litho teu proskommeu,Why not? Because their pursuit was not by faith, but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone,

proskoptaseia“strike”happened · youaorist active subjunctive 2nd person singular2×

Matthew 4:6“strike”kai legatō auto; Ei huios asō tou theou, ballasar siauton katō; grafitē gar hoti Toi angeloi autou entelleti peri su kai epi cheiraiu airali sin, mēpote proskoptaseia pros lithon ton podon su.“If You are the Son of God,” he said, “throw Yourself down. For it is written: ‘He will command His angels concerning You, and they will lift You up in their hands, so that You will not strike Your foot against a stone.’”

Luke 4:11“strike”kai hoti Epi cheiraiu airali sin mēpote proskoptaseia pros lithon ton podon su.and they will lift You up in their hands, so that You will not strike Your foot against a stone.’”