preposition
pros
Strong’sG4314
to, towards, with
stem pr-698 times in the New Testamentin 26 of 27 booksnever changes form
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
πρός is a preposition meaning to, towards, with, expressing direction or relation 42. Its exact force shifts according to the grammatical case of the word that follows it 12.
Used with a genitive, it can express motion away from the side of someone, and in that construction it can carry the sense of acting in the interests of someone 1; Strong's also notes a genitive use meaning "pertaining to" 2.
Used with a dative, it expresses simple nearness or proximity — hard by, near, at, beside something 12.
Its most common use is with the accusative, where it expresses motion or direction toward a place, person, or object — "to, towards" — as after verbs of going, coming, or speaking 1. From this spatial sense it broadens out to a range of related uses: direction of the mind toward someone or something, whether friendly or hostile 1; purpose or intended result, "in order to" or "for the purpose of" 1; close proximity, "at, by, with" 1; nearness in time, "towards" a point in time, or "for" a limited time 1; and relation between things — "toward, with regard to, pertaining to, according to," or, when setting one thing against another, "in comparison with" 1. Strong's sums up this breadth of accusative uses by noting the word can be rendered variously as "about, according to, against, among, at, because of, before, between, by, for, in, of, to, unto, with," depending on the place, time, occasion, or respect involved 2.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
πρός,
prep. c. gen., dat., acc.G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4314 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidpros
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e. toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e. pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of, i.e. near to; usually with the accusative case, the place, time, occasion, or respect, which is the destination of the relation, i.e. whither or for which it is predicated)
Froma strengthened form of G4253;
King Jamesabout, according to , against, among, at, because of, before, between, (where-)by, for, X at thy house, in, for intent, nigh unto, of, which pertain to, that, to (the end that), X together, to (you) -ward, unto, with(-in).
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
preposition, expressing direction,
A on the side of, in the direction of, hence with genitive, dative, and accusative, from, at, to: Epic dialect also προτί and ποτί, in Refs 8th c.BC+ usually with accusative, more rarely with dative, and each only once with genitive, Refs 8th c.BC+:—dialectal forms: Doric dialectποτί (which see) and ποί, but Cretan dialect πορτί Refs, Argive προτ(ί) Refs 7th c.BC+ πός Refs 4th c.BC+., also sometimes in Asia Minor in compounds, see at {ποσάγω},{ποσφέρω}; Aeolic dialect πρός Refs 7th c.BC+; πρές Refs 6th c.AD+; Pamphylian περτ (ί) Refs (With προτί, πρός cf. Sanskrit práti 'towards, near to, against, back, etc.', Slavonic protiv[ucaron], Lett. pret 'against', Latin pretium: ποτί (which see) and πός are not cognate) Refs 4th c.BC+ refers to that from which something comes:
A.I of Place, from, ἵκετο ἠὲ π. ἠοίων ἦ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων Refs 8th c.BC+
A.I.2 on the side of, towards, νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος towards Elis, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ἁλός, π. Θύμβρης, Refs 8th c.BC+; φυλακαὶ π. Αἰθιόπων, π. Ἀραβίων, π. Διβύης, on the frontier towards the Ethiopians, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+ one on the north side, the other on the south side, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. τοῦ Τμώλου τετραμμένον τῆς πόλιος (in such phrases the accusative is more common) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ τῆσδε τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ π. τοῦ λιμένος ἅπαν everything on the harbour-ward side of this road, Refs 5th c.BC+
A.I.3 before, in presence of, μάρτυροι ἔστων π. τε θεῶν μακάρων π. τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων Refs 8th c.BC+; ποίτοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος.. ὑπίσχομαι probably in Refs 4th c.BC+
A.I.3.b in the eyes of, ἄδικον οὐδὲν οὔτε π. θεῶν οὔτε π. ἀνθρώπων Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσιος π. θεῶν Legal cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; κατειπάτω.. ἁγνῶς π. τοῦ θεοῦ if he wishes to be pure in the sight of the god, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς π. ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει Refs 5th c.BC+
A.I.4 in supplication or adjuration, before, and so, in the name of, σε.. γουνάζομαι.. π. τ᾽ ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱκετεύω, ἀντιβολῶ π. παίδων, π. γυναικῶν, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+: less frequently with other words, π. τῆς ἑστίας Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes in questions, π. θεῶν, τίς οὕτως εὐήθης ἐστί; in heaven's name, Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes in Trag. with the pronoun σε between preposition and case, π. νύν σε πατρὸς π. τε μητρός.. ἱκνοῦμαι Refs 5th c.BC+
A.I.5 of origin or descent, from, on the side of, γένος ἐξ Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ τὰ π. πατρός by the father's side, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρόγονοι ἢ π. ἀνδρῶν ἢ γυναικῶν in the male or female line, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ π. αἵματος blood-relations, Refs 5th c.BC+
A.II of effects proceeding from what cause soever:
A.II.1 from, at the hand of, with Verbs of having, receiving, etc., ὡς ἂν.. τιμὴν καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι π. πάντων Δαναῶν Refs 8th c.BC+ to have been taught by.., Refs 8th c.BC+; αἴσχε᾽ ἀκούω π. ΤρώωνRefs 5th c.BC+; also λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι π. τινῶν Refs; παθεῖν τι π. τινός at the hand of,Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τῆς τύχης ὄλωλενRefs 5th c.BC+: with an adjective or substantive, τιμήεσσα π. πόσιος Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄρκεσις π. ἀνδρός, δόξα π. ἀνθρώπων, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb, οἶμαι γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἀχαρίστως μοι ἔχειν οὔτε π. ὑμῶν οὔτε π. τῆς Ἑλλάδος I shall meet with no ingratitude at your hands, Refs 5th c.BC+
A.II.2 of things, π. τίνος ποτ᾽ αἰτίας [τέθνηκεν]; from of by what cause? Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἀμπλακημάτων by or by reason of.., Refs
A.III of dependence or close connexion: hence,
A.III.1 dependent on one, under one's protection, π. Διός εἰσι ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε Refs 8th c.BC+; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας π. Διὸς εἰρύαται by commission from him, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις at the bidding of another, Refs
A.III.2 on one's side, in one's favour, Refs 5th c.BC+
A.IV of that which is derivable from: hence, agreeable to, becoming, like, τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔργα οὐ π. τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς νενόμικα γίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰπ. ψυχῆς τε ἀγαθῆς καὶ ῥώμης ἀνδρηΐης Refs 5th c.BC+; ἦ κάρτα π. γυναικὸς αἴρεσθαι κέαρ 'tis very like a woman, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. δίκης οὐδὲν τρέμων agreeably to justice, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐάν τι ἡμῖν π. λόγου ᾖ if it be at all to our purpose, Refs 5th c.BC+correctly, Refs; but π. τρόπου τι ὠνεῖσθαι buy at a reasonable price, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. ἀγαθοῦ, π. κακοῦ τινί ἐστι or γίγνεται, it is to one's advantage or otherwise, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. ἀτιμίας λαβεῖν τι to take a thing as an insult, regard it so, Refs 1st c.AD+; λαβεῖν τι π. ὀργῆς (variant{ὀργήν}) Refs 1st c.AD+; τῷ δήμῳ π. αἰσχύνης ἂν ἦν, π. ὀνείδους ἂν ἦν τῇ πόλει, Refs 4th c.AD+
B WITH DAT., it expresses proximity, hard by, near, at, ποτὶ γαίῃ Refs 8th c.BC+; ποτὶ δρυσίν among the oaks, Refs; πρὸς ἄκμονι χαλκεύειν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναΐ κρημνάντωνRefs 5th c.BC+; θακεῖν π. ναοῖςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐς μάχην καθίστασθαι π. (variant ὑπ᾽) αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ π. Αἰγίνῃ στράτευμα off Aegina, Refs 5th c.BC+; Αίβυες οἱ π. Αἰγύπτῳ bordering on.., Refs; τὸ π. ποσί that which is close to the feet, before one, Refs 5th c.BC+; θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδὰς π... πήματι over it, Refs; αἱ π. τῇ βάσει γωνίαι the angles at the base, Refs 4th c.BC+
B.2 before, in the presence of, π. τοῖς θεσμοθέταις, π. τῷ διαιτητῇ λέγειν, Refs 4th c.BC+
B.3 with Verbs denoting motion towards a place, upon, against, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ Refs 8th c.BC+; λιαζόμενον ποτὶ γαίῃ sinking on the ground, Refs 8th c.BC+
B.4 sometimes with a notion of clinging closely, προτὶ οἷ λάβε clasped to him, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. δμῳαῖσι κλίνομαι fall into the arms of.., Refs 5th c.BC+close to, Refs 4th c.BC+
B.II to express close engagement, at the point of, π. αὐτῷ γ᾽ εἰμὶ τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+; engaged in or about, π. τῷ εἰρημένῳ λόγῳ ἦν Refs 5th c.BC+; διατρίβειν or σχολάζειν π. τινί, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν διάνοιαν, τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν π. τινί, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατατάξαι αὐτὸν π. γράμμασιν, i.e. give him a post as clerk, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ὁ π. τοῖς γράμμασι τεταγμένος Refs 2nd c.BC+
B.III to express union or addition, once in Refs 8th c.BC+ and besides them sleep, Refs 8th c.BC+in addition to, Refs 6th c.BC+; π. ταῖς ἡμετέραις [τριήρεσι] Refs 5th c.BC+; κυβερνήτης π. τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, Refs 5th c.BC+ besides his youth, Refs; π. τούτοισι besides this, Refs 5th c.BC+; rarely in singular, π. τούτῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, Refs 5th c.BC+
C WITH ACCURefs 5th c.BC+
C.I of Place, towards, to, with Verbs of Motion, ἰέναι π. Ὄλυμπον Refs 8th c.BC+; ἰέναι π. δώματα, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+; ῥίπτασκε ποτὶ νέφεα Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀπῆλθε πρὸς ἑαυτόν returned to his home, LXX; κληθῆναι π. τὸ δεῖπνον (rarer than ἐπὶ δεῖπνον) Refs 1st c.AD+
C.I.2 with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against, π. τεῖχος, π. κίονα ἐρείσας, Refs 8th c.BC+; χῶρον π. αὐτὸν τόνδ᾽ uncertain in LXX+NT; π. ὑμᾶς παραμενῶ with you, NTbeside, Refs
C.I.2.b of addition, ποὶ τὰν στάλαν ποιγραψάνσθω τάδε Refs 5th c.BC+; ἵππον προσετίθει πρὸς τοὔνομα Refs 5th c.BC+; προσεδαπάνησε π. τὸ μερισθὲν αὐτῷ εἰς τὸ ἔλαιον ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων over and above the sum allotted to him, Refs; προσετέθη π. τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ was gathered to his people, LXX
C.I.3 with Verbs of seeing, looking, etc., towards, ἰδεῖν π. τινά Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁρᾶν, ἀποβλέπειν π. τι or τινά, Refs 5th c.BC+; στάντε ποτὶ πνοιήν so as to face it, Refs 8th c.BC+ against the wind, Refs 4th c.BC+; κλαίεσκε π. οὐρανόν cried to heaven, Refs 8th c.BC+ lie towards the West, Refs 8th c.BC+; so in Prose, π. ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἥλιον facing the sun, and so, in the sunlight, Refs 5th c.BC+; so π. λύχνον by lamplight, Refs 6th c.BC+; π. φῶς in open day, Refs 5th c.BC+; but, by torch-light, Refs 1st c.AD+
C.I.4 in hostile sense, against, π. Τρῶας μάχεαι Refs 8th c.BC+; π. δαίμονα against his will,Refs 5th c.BC+: also in argument, in reply to, ταῦτα π. τὸν Πιττακὸν εἴρηται Refs 5th c.BC+; and so in the titles of judicial speeches, πρός τινα in reply to, less strong than κατά τινος against or in accusation, Refs 4th c.BC+
C.I.5 without any hostile sense, π. ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντ᾽ ἀγόρευον Refs 8th c.BC+; π.ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι Refs 8th c.BC+; λέγειν, εἰπεῖν, φράζειν π. τινά, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὤμοσε δὲ π. ἔμ᾽ αὐτόν he swore to me, Refs 8th c.BC+ sometimes governs the reflexive pronoun, διαλογίζεσθαι π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀναμνήσθητε, ἐνθυμήθητε π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, Refs 5th c.BC+; μινύρεσθαι, ἄδειν π. ἑαυτόν, Refs 5th c.BC+
C.I.5.b π. σφέας ἔχειν δοκέουσι, i.e. they think they are pregnant, Refs 5th c.BC+
C.I.6 of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action, π... Διομήδεα τεύχε᾽ ἄμειβεν changed arms with Diomedes, Refs 8th c.BC+; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι π. τινά, Refs 5th c.BC+; διαλέγεσθαι π. τινά converse with.., Refs 5th c.BC+; διαλογίζεσθαι π. τινά balance accounts with.., Refs 4th c.BC+; ἃ ἔχει διελόμενος π. τὸν ἀδελφόν Refs 4th c.BC+
C.I.6.b in phrases of the form ἡ π. τινὰ εὔνοια (ἔχθρα, etc.), π. sometimes means towards, as ἡ π. αὑτοὺς φιλία the affection of their wives towards or for them, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυσικαὶ τοκέων στοργαὶ π. τέκνα ποθεινά Refs: but sometimes at the hands of, ἡ π. τὸ θεῖον εὐμένεια the favour of the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; φθόνος τοῖς ζῶσι π. τὸ ἀντίπαλον jealousy is incurred by the living at the hands of their rivals, Refs; τὴν ἀπέχθειαν τὴν π. Θηβαίους.. τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι the hostility incurred by Athens at the hands of the Thebans, Refs 4th c.BC+; τῇ φιλίᾳ τῇ π. τὸν τετελευτηκότα the friendship with (not 'affection for') the deceased, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷ φόβῳ τῷ π. ὑμᾶς the fear inspired by you, Refs; τῇ π. Ῥωμαίους εὐνοία his popularity with the Romans, Refs 2nd c.BC+
C.I.7 of legal or other business transacted before a magistrate, witness, etc., τάδε ὁ σύλλογος ἐβουλεύσατο.. π. μνήμονας Refs 5th c.BC+ before a jury, ἔστι δὲ τούτοις μὲν π. ὑμᾶς ἁγών, ὑμῖν δὲ π. ἅπασαν τὴν πόλιν Refs 5th c.BC+; before a witness to whom an appeal for corroboration is made, Refs; φέρρεν αὐτὸν πὸ (τ) τὸν Δία in the eyes of Zeus, Refs; λαχεῖν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, Refs 4th c.BC+; θέντων τὰ.. ποτήρια.. π. Πολύχαρμον having pawned the cups with P., Refs 3rd c.BC+; also διαβάλλειν τινὰ π. τοὺς πολλούς Refs 5th c.BC+
C.II of Time, towards or near a certain time, at or about, ποτὶ ἕσπερα Refs 8th c.BC+; ποτ᾽ ὄρθρον (nisi to be read πότορθρον) Refs 5th c.BC+; π.ἀῶ ἐγρέσθαι, π. ἡμέραν ἐξεγρέσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. γῆρας, π. τὸ γῆρας, in old age, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. εὐάνθεμον φυάν in the bloom of life, Refs 5th c.BC+; μέχρις ὅτου π. γυναῖκας ὦσι, i.e.of marriageable age, Refs for the moment, Refs 2nd c.AD+; see below 111.5.
C.III of Relation between two objects,
C.III.1 in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον military matters, equipments, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ π. τὸν βασιλέα our relations to the King, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ π. βασιλέα πράγματα the negotiations with the King, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς our relations, i.e. duties, to the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+in respect of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἕτερος λόγος, οὐ π. ἐμέ that is another matter, and does not concern me, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν φορέτρων ὄντων π. ἐμέ freightage shall be my concern, i.e. borne by me, Refs 2nd c.AD+; π. τοῦτον ἦν ἡ τῶν διαφόρων πρᾶξις LXX; ἐὰν.. βοᾷ καὶ σχετλιάζῃ μηδὲν π. τὸ πρᾶγμα, nihil ad rem, Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐδὲν π. τὸν Διόνυσον Prov. cited in Refs 2nd c.BC+; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ π. τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he owes no reckoning to the State, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔσται αὐτῷ π. τὸν Θεόν (i.e. ὁ λόγος) he shall have to reckon with God, Refs; ἔσται π. τὴν Τριάδαν Refs; π. πολλοὺς ἔχων ἀγωνιστάς Refs see at {ὅσα μῦς ἐν πίσσῃ},NT+5th c.BC+; [τὸ or τὰ] πρός τι, the relative term or terms, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ π. τι, Refs 4th c.BC+ name for two, Refs; π. ἡμᾶς relatively to us, opposed to ἁπλῶς, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὀρθὸς πρός or ποτί with accusative, perpendicular to, Refs 3rd c.BC+
C.III.2 in reference to, in consequence of, πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὴν φήμην in view of.., Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: with neuter pronoun, π. τ; wherefore? to what end? Refs 5th c.BC+; π. οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, Refs; π. οὐδὲν ἀναγκαῖον unnecessarily, Refs 8th c.BC+therefore, this being so, Refs 5th c.BC+
C.III.3 in reference to or for a purpose, ἕστηκεν.. μῆλα π. σφαγάς Refs 4th c.BC+; χρήσιμος, ἱκανὸς π. τι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ποιεῖ π. ἐπιλημπτικούς is efficacious for cases of epilepsy, Refs 5th c.BC+
C.III.3.b with a view to or for a future time, ὅπως.. γράμματα δῷ π. ἢν ἂν ἡμέραν ἑκάτεροι παραγίνωνται Refs 2nd c.BC+; θαυμάζεται τὰ Περικλέους ἔργα π. πολὺν χρόνον ἐν ὀλίγῳ γενόμενα Refs 1st c.AD+
C.III.3.c ={πρός} Refs 5th c.BC+
C.III.4 in proportion or relation to, in comparison with, κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι π. τὸν πατέρα Κῦρον Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας ναῦς τὸ μέσον σκοπεῖν the mean between.., Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς παρεὸν.. μῆτις ἀέξεται ἀνθρώποισι in proportion to the existing (physical development), Refs 5th c.BC+ sells twice against or relatively to silver, i.e. for twice its weight in silver, Refs 4th c.BC+; [ἡ μαργαρῖτις λίθος] πωλεῖται.. π. χρυσίον for its weight in gold, Androsthenes cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπως π. τὰς τιμὰς τῶν κριθῶν τὰ ἄλφιτα πωλήσουσι on the basis of the price of barley, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐξέστω αὐτοῦ ἀπογραφὴ τῆς οὐσίας π. τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον Ἀθηναίων τῷ βουλομένῳ property equal in value to this silver, Refs 3rd c.BC+; τῶν ἐγγύων τῶν ἐγγυωμένων π. [αὐτὰ] τὰ κτήματα Refs 3rd c.BC+; θέντων τὰ ποτήρια π. χρυσοῦς ἑκατόν Refs 3rd c.BC+; τοὺς ἀπαγομένους εἰς φυλακὴν π. τὰ χρέα imprisoned for debt, Refs 2nd c.BC+; τοὺς π. καταδίκας ἐκπεπτωκότας Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐγδίδομεν τὸ ἔργον.. π. χαλκόν Refs 3rd c.BC+; οἷον π. ἀργύριον τὴν δόξαν τὰς ψυχὰς ἀποδιδόμενοι Refs 4th c.AD+; π. ἅλας ἠγορασμένος, i.e. 'dirt cheap', Refs 4th c.BC+ i.e. dine frugally, take pot-luck, Refs 5th c.BC+; of measurements of time by the flow from the clepsydra, π. ἕνδεκα ἀμφορέας ἐν διαμεμετρημένῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κρίνομαι Refs 4th c.BC+; π. κλεψύδραν Eub.p.182 K., Refs 4th c.BC+; hence later, π. ὀλίγον for a short time, ἐπανεῖναι π. ὀλίγον τὴν πολιορκίαν Refs 1st c.AD+; π.ὀλίγον καιρόν, χρόνον, Refs 2nd c.AD+Prooem.; π. ὀλίγον ἐστὶ τὸ ζῆν poetical in Refs; π. βραχύ Refs 4th c.AD+ (by) a little past their best, Refs 1st c.AD+; π.μόνην τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἡμέραν Refs 2nd c.AD+
C.III.5 in or by reference to, according to, in view of, π. τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς π. ὑμᾶς ζῶσι those who live with your interests in view, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ παιδεύεσθαι π. τὰς πολιτείας suitably to them, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁρῶ.. ἅπαντας π. τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν δικαίων ἀξιουμένους according to their power, Refs 4th c.BC+according to.., Refs 5th c.BC+; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, Refs 4th c.AD+; τὸν δικαστὰν ὀμνύντα κρῖναι πορτὶ τὰ μωλιόμενα having regard to the pleadings, Refs, compare 9.30; αἱ ἀρχαὶ.. πρὸς τὰ κατεσκευασμένα σύμβολα σηκώματα ποιησάμεναι after making weights and measures in accordance with, or by reference to, the established standards, Refs; π. τὰ στάθμια τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀργυροκοπίῳ as measured by the weights in the mint, Refs 2nd c.BC+; [Εόλων] ἐποίησε σταθμὰ π. τὸ νόμισμα made (trade-) weights on the basis of (i.e. proportional to) the coinage, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. τὸ δικαιότατον in accordance with the most just principle, Refs 2nd c.AD+
C.III.6 with the accompaniment of musical instruments, π. κάλαμον Refs 5th c.BC+; π. αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ῥυθμὸν ἐμβαίνειν to step in time, Refs 1st c.BC+
C.III.7 πρός c.accusative frequently periphrastic for adverb, π. βίαν, = βιαίως, under compulsion, νῦν χρὴ.. τινα π. βίαν πώνην Refs 7th c.BC+; ἥκω.. π. βίαν under compulsion, Refs 5th c.BC+; by force, forcibly, Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐ π. βίαν τινός not forced by any one, Refs (but also, in spite of any one, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἀλκήν, π. ἀνάγκαν, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν, so as to please, Refs 5th c.BC+; λούσασθαι τὸ σῶμα π. ἡδ. as much or little as one like s, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. χάριν so as to gratify, μήτε π. ἔχθραν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον μήτε π. χ. Refs 5th c.BC+ with genitive _of things_, π. χάριν τινός for the sake of, π. χ. βορᾶς Refs 5th c.BC+by means of, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ὀργήν with anger, angrily, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὸ λιπαρές importunately, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. καιρόν seasonably, Refs; π. εὐτέλειαν cheaply, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. μέρος in due proportion, Refs 4th c.BC+; τέτραπτο π. ἰθύ οἱ straight towards him, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ὀρθὰς (i.e. γωνίας (.. τῇ AEB at right angles to, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. ἀχθηδόνα, π. ἀπέχθειαν, Refs 2nd c.AD+; γυνὴ π. ἀλήθειαν οὖσα in truth a woman, a very woman, Refs 2nd c.AD+ in the highest degree, Refs 5th c.BC+
C.III.8 of Numbers. up to, about, Refs 2nd c.BC+
D ABRefs 5th c.BC+ AS adverb., besides, over and above; in Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently at the end of a second clause, τάδε λέγω, δράσω τε π. Refs 5th c.BC+
E IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
E.I motion towards, as προσάγω, προσέρχομαι, etc.
E.II addition, besides, as προσκτάομαι, προσδίδωμι, προστίθημι, etc.
E.III a being on, at, by, or beside: hence, a remaining beside, and metaphorically connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόσειμι, προσγίγνομαι, etc.
F REMARKS,
F.1 in poetry πρός sometimes stands after its case and before an attribute, ποίμνας βουστάσεις τε π. πατρός Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄστυ πότι (or ποτὶ) σφέτερον Refs 8th c.BC+
F.2 in Refs 8th c.BC+
F.3 sometimes (in violation of the rule given by Refs 2nd c.AD+ followed by an enclitic pronoun, πρός με Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
9 rarer renderings are not shown; every occurrence below carries the English it was given there.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
698 occurrences, 100 of them printed here — the rest are in the reader
pros99×
Matthew 2:12kai chrēmatizirantois kata onarem mē anakamptara pros Hērōdon dia allosau hodau anachōrala eis …… in a dream not to return to Herod, they withdrew to their country …
Matthew 3:5tote ekporeuote pros auton Hierosolumeim kai pantas tas Ioudaias …People went out to him from Jerusalem and all Judea …
Matthew 3:10ēdē de tas axinas pros tan rizan teiu dendreiu keiotō; pantem …The axe lies ready at the root of the trees, and …
Matthew 3:13… apo tau Galilaiau epi ton Iordanon pros ton Iōannon teu baptizira hupo autou.… came from Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John.
Matthew 3:14… hupo su baptizira, kai sis erchosō pros min?… by You, and do You come to me?”
Matthew 3:15apokrinirantos de tos Iēsus legata pros auton; Afiēkasar arti, houtōs gar preparōntem …… replied. “It is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness in this way …
Matthew 4:6… epi cheiraiu airali sin, mēpote proskoptaseia pros lithon ton podon su.… You will not strike Your foot against a stone.’”
Matthew 5:28… vi hoti pantos tos bleparōntos gunaikan pros tem epithumara autan ēdē moicheuata autan …… after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
Matthew 6:1… vu mē poiarō emprosthen toiu anthrōpoiu pros tem theasira autoi; ei de mē …… perform your righteous acts before men to be seen by them. If you …
Matthew 7:15Prosechavōr apo toiu pseudoprofētoiu, hotinois ercholō pros vin en endumei probateiu esōthen de …Beware of false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly …
Matthew 10:6poreuovōr de mallon pros teim probateim teim apolarēnteim oikou Israēl.Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel.
Matthew 10:13… mē ateiō axias, tas eirēnas vu pros vin epistrefitar.… is not, let your peace return to you.
Matthew 11:28Deute pros min pantoir tois kopiarōntoir kai fortizorēntoir, …Come to Me, all you who are weary …
Matthew 13:2kai sunagila pros auton ochlois pollois, hōste auton eis …Such large crowds gathered around Him that He got into a …
Matthew 13:30… zizanieim kai davar auteim eis desmain pros tem katakaiara auteim, ton de siton …… weeds and tie them in bundles to be burned; then gather the wheat …
Matthew 13:56kai tais adelfais autou ouchi pantais pros nin alō? pothen oun houto houteim …Aren’t all His sisters with us as well? Where then did …
Matthew 14:25tetarta de fulaka tau nuktau erchata pros autoin peripatarōntos epi tan thalassan.… of the night, Jesus went out to them, walking on the sea.
Matthew 14:28… ei sis asō, keleuasar min erchara pros sin epi teim hudeim;… Peter replied, “command me to come to You on the water.”
Matthew 14:29… peripatata epi teim hudeim kai erchata pros ton Iēsun.… walked on the water, and came toward Jesus.
Matthew 17:14Kai ercharantoiu pros ton ochlon proserchata auto anthrōpos gonupetarōntos …When they came to the crowd, a man came up …
Matthew 19:8legatō autoi hoti Mōusos pros tan sklērokardian vu epitrepata vi apoluara …… permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hardness of heart. But it …
Matthew 19:14… paidieim kai mē kōluavōr auteim erchara pros min, teiu gar toiouteiu atō tas …… said, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them …
Matthew 21:32erchata gar Iōannos pros vin en hoda dikaiosunau, kai ouk …For John came to you in the way of righteousness …
Matthew 21:34… toiu karpoiu, apostelata toin douloin autou pros toin geōrgoin labara toin karpoin autou.… drew near, he sent his servants to the tenants to collect his share …
Matthew 21:37husterem de apostelata pros autoin ton huion autou legarōntos; Entrapili …Finally, he sent his son to them. ‘They will respect my son …
Matthew 23:5panteim de teim ergeim autoiu poialō pros tem theasira toi anthrōpoi; platunalō gar …… their deeds are done for men to see. They broaden their phylacteries and …
Matthew 23:34“to”dia houtem idou mis apostelamō pros vin profētoin kai sofoin kai grammatevoin; …Because of this, I am sending you prophets and wise men and teachers. Some …
Matthew 23:37… toin profētoin kai lithobolarōntar toin apostelorēntoin pros autan posakis thelama episunagara teim tekneim …… the prophets and stones those sent to her, how often I have longed …
Matthew 25:9… arkateia ni kai vi; poreuovōr mallon pros toin pōlarōntoin kai agorazavar heautai.… both us and you. Instead, go to those who sell oil and buy …
Matthew 25:36“to”… min, en fulaka ome kai erchava pros min.… was sick and you looked after Me, I was in prison and you visited Me.’
Matthew 25:39“to”… asthenarōnton ē en fulaka kai erchana pros sin?… see You sick or in prison and visit You?’
Matthew 26:12… murem houtem epi teu sōmeu mu pros tem entafiazara min poiata.… Me, she has prepared My body for burial.
Matthew 26:14… toiu dōdeka, tos legorōntos Ioudos Iskariōtos, pros toin archierevoin… the one called Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests
Matthew 26:18… de legata; Hupagavōr eis tan polan pros ton deinon kai legavar auto; Tos …He answered, “Go into the city to a certain man and tell him …
Matthew 26:18… legatō; Tos kairos mu engus atō; pros sin poiamō tem pascha meta toiu …… keep the Passover with My disciples at your house.’”
Matthew 26:40kai erchotō pros toin mathētoin kai heuriskatō autoin katheudarōntoin, …Then Jesus returned to the disciples and found them sleeping …
Matthew 26:45tote erchotō pros toin mathētoin kai legatō autoi; Katheudavō …Then He returned to the disciples and said, “Are you …
Matthew 26:57Tois de kratarantois ton Iēsun apagala pros Kaiafon ton archierevon, hopou tois grammatevois …… had arrested Jesus led Him away to the house of Caiaphas the high …
Matthew 27:4… haimem athōem. tois de legala; Tinem pros nin? sis horesi.… blood,” he said. “What is that to us?” they replied. “You bear the …
Matthew 27:14“on”kai ouk apokrinita auto pros oude henem rēmem, hōste thaumazarō ton …But Jesus gave no answer, not even to a single charge, much to the governor’s amazement.
Matthew 27:19… de autou epi teu bēmeu apostelata pros auton tas gunaikas autou legarōntas; Mēdenem …… sent him this message: “Have nothing to do with that innocent man, for …
Matthew 27:62… sunagila tois archierevois kai tois Farisaiois pros Pilaton… the chief priests and Pharisees assembled before Pilate.
Mark 1:5kai ekporeuote pros auton pantas tas Ioudaias chōras kai …People went out to him from all of Jerusalem and …
Mark 1:27“among”kai thambila hapantois, hōste suzētarō pros heautoin legarōntoin; Tinem atō houtem? didachas …All the people were amazed and began to ask one another, “What is this? A new teaching with authority …
Mark 1:32… generantau, hote dusata tos hēlios, ferale pros auton pantoin toin kakōs echarōntoin kai …That evening, after sunset, people brought to Jesus all the sick and demon-possessed,
Mark 1:33kai ate holas tas polas episunagorēntas pros tan thuran.and the whole town gathered at the door.
Mark 1:40Kai erchotō pros auton lepros parakalarōntos auton kai gonupetarōntos …Then a leper came to Jesus, begging on his knees: “If …
Mark 1:45… epi erēmoi topoi ate; kai erchole pros auton pantothen.… in solitary places. Yet people came to Him from every quarter.
Mark 2:2“near”… pollois hōste mēketi chōrarō mēde teim pros tan thuran, kai lalate autoi ton …… no more room, not even outside the door, as Jesus spoke the word to them.
Mark 2:3kai ercholō ferarōntois pros auton paralutikon airorōnton hupo tessares.Then a paralytic was brought to Him, carried by four men.
Mark 2:13… thalassan; kai pantos tos ochlos erchote pros auton, kai didaskate autoin.… the sea. All the people came to Him, and He taught them there.
Mark 3:7… Iēsus meta toiu mathētoiu autou anachōrata pros tan thalassan; kai pollem plēthem apo …So Jesus withdrew with His disciples to the sea, accompanied by a large …
Mark 3:8… plēthem pollem, akouarōntois hoseim poiate erchala pros auton.… and Sidon. The large crowd came to Him when they heard what great …
Mark 3:13… proskalotō hoin thelate autos, kai aperchala pros auton.… those He wanted, and they came to Him.
Mark 3:31… adelfois autou kai exō stēkarōntois apostelala pros auton kalarōntois auton.… stood outside. They sent someone in to summon Him,
Mark 4:1… didaskarō para tan thalassan. kai sunagotō pros auton ochlos pollotatos, hōste auton eis …Once again Jesus began to teach beside the sea, and such …
Mark 4:1“at”… ta thalassa, kai pantos tos ochlos pros tan thalassan epi tau gēau ale.… while all the people crowded along the shore.
Mark 4:41“to”kai fobila fobon megon, kai legale pros allēloin; Tinos ara houtos atō hoti …Overwhelmed with fear, they asked one another, “Who is this, that even the …
Mark 5:11ate de ekei pros te ore agelas choiroiu megas boskorōntas;There on the nearby hillside a large herd …
Mark 5:15kai ercholō pros ton Iēsun, kai theōralō ton daimonizorōnton …When they came to Jesus, they saw the man who …
Mark 5:19“to”… auto; Hupagasōr eis ton oikon su pros toin soin, kai apangelasar autoi hoseim …… allow him. “Go home to your own people,” He said, “and tell them how much the Lord has done for you, and what mercy …
Mark 5:22… onome Iairos, kai horarantos auton piptatō pros toin podoin autou… arrived, and seeing Jesus, he fell at His feet
Mark 6:3… ouk alō tais adelfais autou hōde pros nin? kai skandalizole en auto.… and Simon? Aren’t His sisters here with us as well?” And they took …
Mark 6:25kai eisercharantas euthuos meta spoudau pros ton basilevon aiteta legarōntas; Thelamō hina …At once the girl hurried back to the king with her request: “I …
Mark 6:30“to”Kai sunagolō tois apostolois pros ton Iēsun, kai apangelala auto panteim …Meanwhile, the apostles gathered around Jesus and brought Him news of all they had done and taught.
Mark 6:45… ploiem kai proagarō eis tem peran pros Bēthsaidan, heōs autos apoluatō ton ochlon.… and go on ahead of Him to Bethsaida, while He dismissed the crowd.
Mark 6:48… peri tetartan fulakan tau nuktau erchotō pros autoin peripatarōntos epi tau thalassau; kai …… of the night, Jesus went out to them, walking on the sea. He …
Mark 6:51kai anabainata pros autoin eis tem ploiem, kai kopazata …Then He climbed into the boat with them, and the wind died down …
Mark 7:1“to”Kai sunagolō pros auton tois Farisaiois kai tinois toiu …Then the Pharisees and some of the scribes who had come from Jerusalem gathered around Jesus,
Mark 7:25… thugatriem autau pneumem akathartem, ercharantas prospiptata pros toin podoin autou;… Jesus, and she came and fell at His feet.
Mark 8:16kai dialogizole pros allēloin hoti artoin ouk echalō.So they began to discuss with one another the fact that they …
Mark 9:10kai ton logon kratala pros heautoin suzētarōntois tinem atō tem ek …So they kept this matter to themselves, discussing what it meant to …
Mark 9:14Kai ercharantois pros toin mathētoin horala ochlon pollon peri …When they returned to the other disciples, they saw a …
Mark 9:14… pollon peri autoin kai grammatevoin suzētarōntoin pros autoin.… crowd around them, and scribes arguing with them.
Mark 9:16kai eperōtata autoin; Tinem suzētavō pros heautoin?“What are you disputing with them?” He asked.
Mark 9:17“to”… ochlou; Didaskalor, ferama ton huion mu pros sin, echarōnton pneumem alalem;… in the crowd replied, “Teacher, I brought You my son, who has a spirit that makes him mute.
Mark 9:19… legatō; Ō genear apistar, heōs pote pros vin emi? heōs pote anechemi vu? …… replied. “How long must I remain with you? How long must I put …
Mark 9:19… heōs pote anechemi vu? feravōr auton pros min.… up with you? Bring the boy to Me.”
Mark 9:20kai ferala auton pros auton. kai horarantos auton tem pneumem …… boy into a convulsion. He fell to the ground and rolled around, foaming …
Mark 9:34“with”tois de siōpale, pros allēloin gar dialegila en ta hoda …But they were silent, for on the way they had …
Mark 10:1… tou Iordanou, kai sumporeuolō palin ochlois pros auton, kai hōs eiōthatelē palin didaskate …… the Jordan. Again the crowds came to Him and He taught them, as …
Mark 10:7… autou kai tan mētēran kai proskolliti pros tan gunaikan autou,… father and mother and be united to his wife,
Mark 10:14… legata autoi; Afiēkavar teim paidieim erchorō pros min, mē kōluavōr auteim, teiu gar …… them, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them …
Mark 10:26tois de perissōs ekplēssole legarōntois pros heautoin; Kai tinos dunotō sōzira?… were even more astonished and said to one another, “Who then can be …
Mark 10:50… apobalarantos tem himatiem autou anapēdarantos erchata pros ton Iēsun.… cloak, Bartimaeus jumped up and came to Jesus.
Mark 11:1… eis Hierosolumeim eis Bēthfagē kai Bēthanian pros tem Orem taiu Elaiaiu, apostelatō duo …… and came to Bethphage and Bethany at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent …
Mark 11:4kai aperchala kai heuriskala pōlon dorēnton pros thuran exō epi teu amfodeu, kai …… colt outside in the street, tied at a doorway. They untied it,
Mark 11:7kai feralō ton pōlon pros ton Iēsun, kai epibalalō auto teim …Then they led the colt to Jesus and threw their cloaks over …
Mark 11:27… en te hiere peripatarōntou autou ercholō pros auton tois archierevois kai tois grammatevois …… priests, scribes, and elders came up to Him.
Mark 11:31kai dialogizole pros heautoin legarōntois; Tinem leganeia? ean leganeia; …They deliberated among themselves what they should answer: “If …
Mark 12:2kai apostelata pros toin geōrgoin to kairo doulon, hina …… harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share …
Mark 12:4“to”kai palin apostelata pros autoin alloson doulon; kakeinon kefaliala kai …Then he sent them another servant, and they struck him over the head and treated him …
Mark 12:6… echate, huion agapēton; apostelata auton eschaton pros autoin legarōntos hoti Entrapili ton huion …… one beloved son, he sent him to them. ‘They will respect my son …
Mark 12:7ekeinois de tois geōrgois pros heautoin legala hoti Houtos atō tos …But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir …
Mark 12:12… fobila ton ochlon, gnōskala gar hoti pros autoin tan parabolan legata. kai afiēkarantois …… that He had spoken this parable against them. But fearing the crowd, they …
Mark 12:13“to”Kai apostelalō pros auton tinoin toiu Farisaioiu kai toiu …Later, they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians to …
Mark 12:18Kai ercholō Saddoukaiois pros auton, hotinois legalō anastasian mē arō, …… say there is no resurrection, came to Jesus and questioned Him:
Mark 13:22… pseudoprofētois kai dōali sēmeim kai terateim pros tem apoplanarō ei dunatem toin eklektoin;… appear and perform signs and wonders to deceive even the elect, if that …
Mark 14:4ale de tinois aganaktarōntois pros heautoin; Eis tinem tas apōleias houtas …… those present, however, expressed their indignation to one another: “Why this waste of …
Pros1×
Mark 10:5tos de Iēsus legata autoi; Pros tan sklērokardian vu grafata vi tan …… Moses wrote this commandment for you because of your hardness of heart.