verb
speiramō
Greekσπείρω (speirō)
Strong’sG4687
I sow, spread, scatter
stem speir-52 times in the New Testamentin 8 of 27 books22 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
* σπείρω
[in LXX chiefly for זרע;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4687 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidspi'-ro
to scatter, i.e. sow (literally or figuratively)
Fromprobably strengthened from G4685 (through the idea of extending);
King Jamessow(- er), receive seed.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| speirasōσπείρεις | happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular | sow | 3× |
| speiratōσπείρει | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | sows | 1× |
| speiralōσπείρουσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | sow | 2× |
| speiritōσπείρεται | happening now · he/she/itpresent passive indicative 3rd person singular | sown | 6× |
| speiramaἔσπειρα | happened · Iaorist active indicative 1st person singular | sow | 2× |
| speirasaἔσπειρας | happened · youaorist active indicative 2nd person singular | sow | 3× |
| speirataἔσπειρεν | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | sowed | 1× |
| speiranaἐσπείραμεν | happened · weaorist active indicative 1st person plural | sown | 1× |
| speirateiōσπείρῃ | happening now · he/she/itpresent active subjunctive 3rd person singular | sows | 1× |
| speiriteiaσπαρῇ | happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular | sown | 2× |
| speirarōσπείρειν | happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive | sowed | 4× |
| speiraraσπεῖραι | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | sow | 2× |
| speirarōtosσπείρων | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine | sows | 11× |
| speirarōtoσπείροντι | happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative singular masculine | sower | 1× |
| speirirōtoisσπειρόμενοι | happening now · subjectpresent passive participle nominative plural masculine | sown | 2× |
| speiraratosσπείρας | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine | sowed | 1× |
| speiraratouσπείραντος | happened · of, belonging toaorist active participle genitive singular masculine | sower | 1× |
| speiraratoσπείραντι | happened · to, foraorist active participle dative singular masculine | sowed | 1× |
| speiriratosσπαρείς | happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative singular masculine | sown | 4× |
| speiriratoisσπαρέντες | happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative plural masculine | sown | 1× |
| speirirētonἐσπαρμένον | has happened · objectperfect passive participle accusative singular masculine | sown | 1× |
| speirirētemἐσπαρμένον | has happened · objectperfect passive participle direct singular neuter | sown | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 19 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | speiramō | speirame | speirami | speirama2×ἔσπειρα | speiramē | speiramelē |
| you 2nd person singular | speirasō3×σπείρεις | speirase | speirasi | speirasa3×ἔσπειρας | speirasē | speiraselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | speiratō1×σπείρει | speirate | speirati | speirata1×ἔσπειρεν | speiratē | speiratelē |
| we 1st person plural | speiranō | speirane | speirani | speirana1×ἐσπείραμεν | speiranē | speiranelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | speiravō | speirave | speiravi | speirava | speiravē | speiravelē |
| they 3rd person plural | speiralō2×σπείρουσιν | speirale | speirali | speirala | speiralē | speiralelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | speirimō | speirime | speirimi | speirima | speirimē | speirimelē |
| you 2nd person singular | speirisō | speirise | speirisi | speirisa | speirisē | speiriselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | speiritō6×σπείρεται | speirite | speiriti | speirita | speiritē | speiritelē |
| we 1st person plural | speirinō | speirine | speirini | speirina | speirinē | speirinelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | speirivō | speirive | speirivi | speiriva | speirivē | speirivelē |
| they 3rd person plural | speirilō | speirile | speirili | speirila | speirilē | speirilelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 3 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | speirameiō | speirameia | speirameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | speiraseiō | speiraseia | speiraseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | speirateiō1×σπείρῃ | speirateia | speirateiē |
| we 1st person plural | speiraneiō | speiraneia | speiraneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | speiraveiō | speiraveia | speiraveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | speiraleiō | speiraleia | speiraleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | speirimeiō | speirimeia | speirimeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | speiriseiō | speiriseia | speiriseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | speiriteiō | speiriteia2×σπαρῇ | speiriteiē |
| we 1st person plural | speirineiō | speirineia | speirineiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | speiriveiō | speiriveia | speiriveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | speirileiō | speirileia | speirileiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | speirasōr | speirasar | speirasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | speiratōr | speiratar | speiratēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | speiravōr | speiravar | speiravēr |
| they 3rd person plural | speiralōr | speiralar | speiralēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | speirisōr | speirisar | speirisēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | speiritōr | speiritar | speiritēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | speirivōr | speirivar | speirivēr |
| they 3rd person plural | speirilōr | speirilar | speirilēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | speiramoiō | speiramoia |
| you 2nd person singular | speirasoiō | speirasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | speiratoiō | speiratoia |
| we 1st person plural | speiranoiō | speiranoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | speiravoiō | speiravoia |
| they 3rd person plural | speiraloiō | speiraloia |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | speirimoiō | speirimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | speirisoiō | speirisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | speiritoiō | speiritoia |
| we 1st person plural | speirinoiō | speirinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | speirivoiō | speirivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | speiriloiō | speiriloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 6 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | speirarō4×σπείρειν | speirari | speirara2×σπεῖραι | speirarē |
| acted on passive voice | speirirō | speiriri | speirira | speirirē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 24 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | speirarōtos12×σπείρων | speiraritos | speiraratos3×σπείρας | speirarētos |
| acted on passive voice | speirirōtos2× | speiriritos | speiriratos5×σπαρείς | speirirētos2× |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
speir is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Where it appears
52 occurrences, every one of them listed
speirasō“sow”happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular3×
1 Corinthians 15:36“sow”afrōnor, sis hem speirasō, ouk zōopoiitō ean mē apothnēskateia;You fool! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies.
1 Corinthians 15:37“sow”kai hem speirasō, ouk tem sōmem tem gineritem speirasō alla gumnon kokkon ei tunchanatoia sitou ē tineu teiu loipeiu;And what you sow is not the body that will be, but just a seed, perhaps of wheat or something else.
1 Corinthians 15:37“sow”kai hem speirasō, ouk tem sōmem tem gineritem speirasō alla gumnon kokkon ei tunchanatoia sitou ē tineu teiu loipeiu;And what you sow is not the body that will be, but just a seed, perhaps of wheat or something else.
speiratō“sows”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Mark 4:14“sows”tos speirarōtos ton logon speiratō.The farmer sows the word.
speiralō“sow”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural2×
Matthew 6:26“sow”emblepavar eis teim peteineim tou ouranou hoti ouk speiralō oude therizalō oude sunagalō eis apothēkain, kai tos patēros vu tos ouranios trefatō auteim; ouk vis mallon diaferavō auteiu?Look at the birds of the air: They do not sow or reap or gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they?
Luke 12:24“sow”katanoavar toin koraxoin hoti ouk speiralō oude therizalō, hoi ouk atō tameiem oude apothēkas, kai tos theos trefatō autoin; pose mallon vis diaferavō teiu peteineiu.Consider the ravens: They do not sow or reap, they have no storehouse or barn; yet God feeds them. How much more valuable you are than the birds!
speiritō“sown”happening now · he/she/itpresent passive indicative 3rd person singular6×
Mark 4:15“sown”houtois de alō tois para tan hodan hopou speiritō tos logos, kai hotan akoualeia euthuos erchetō tos Satanaos kai airatō ton logon ton speirirēton eis autoin.Some are like the seeds along the path, where the word is sown. As soon as they hear it, Satan comes and takes away the word that was sown in them.
1 Corinthians 15:42“sown”Houtōs kai tas anastasias toiu nekroiu. speiritō en fthora, egeiritō en aftharsia;So will it be with the resurrection of the dead: What is sown is perishable; it is raised imperishable.
1 Corinthians 15:43“sown”speiritō en atimia, egeiritō en doxa; speiritō en asthenia, egeiritō en dunamia;It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power.
1 Corinthians 15:43“sown”speiritō en atimia, egeiritō en doxa; speiritō en asthenia, egeiritō en dunamia;It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power.
1 Corinthians 15:44“sown”speiritō sōmem psuchikem, egeiritō sōmem pneumatikem. Ei atō sōmem psuchikem, atō kai pneumatikem.It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body.
James 3:18“sown”karpos de dikaiosunau en eirēna speiritō toi poiarōtoi eirēnan.Peacemakers who sow in peace reap the fruit of righteousness.
speirama“sow”happened · Iaorist active indicative 1st person singular2×
Matthew 25:26“sown”apokriniratos de tos kurios autou legata auto; Ponēror doulor kai oknēror, oidaselē hoti therizamō hopou ouk speirama kai sunagamō hothen ouk diaskorpizama?‘You wicked, lazy servant!’ replied his master. ‘You knew that I reap where I have not sown and gather where I have not scattered seed.
Luke 19:22“sow”legatō auto; Ek teu stomeu su krinami sin, ponēror doulor; oidaselē hoti mis anthrōpos austēros amō, airarōtos hem ouk tithama kai therizarōtos hem ouk speirama?His master replied, ‘You wicked servant, I will judge you by your own words. So you knew that I am a harsh man, withdrawing what I did not deposit and reaping what I did not sow?
speirasa“sow”happened · youaorist active indicative 2nd person singular3×
Matthew 13:27“sow”prosercharatois de tois doulois tou oikodespotou legala auto; Kurior, ouchi kalem spermem speirasa en to so agro? pothen oun echatō zizanieim?The owner’s servants came to him and said, ‘Sir, didn’t you sow good seed in your field? Where then did the weeds come from?’
Matthew 25:24“sow”prosercharatos de kai tos tem henem talantem lambarētos legata; Kurior, gnōskama sin hoti sklēros asō anthrōpos, therizarōtos hopou ouk speirasa kai sunagarōtos hothen ouk diaskorpizasa;Finally, the servant who had received the one talent came and said, ‘Master, I knew that you are a hard man, reaping where you have not sown and gathering where you have not scattered seed.
Luke 19:21“sow”fobeme gar sin hoti anthrōpos austēros asō, airasō hem ouk tithasa kai therizasō hem ouk speirasa.For I was afraid of you, because you are a harsh man. You withdraw what you did not deposit and reap what you did not sow.’
speirata“sowed”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Matthew 13:31“sowed”Allan parabolan paratithata autoi legarōtos; Homoias atō tas basileias toiu ouranoiu kokko sinapieu, hon lambaratos anthrōpos speirata en to agro autou;He put before them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed that a man took and planted in his field.
speirana“sown”happened · weaorist active indicative 1st person plural1×
1 Corinthians 9:11“sown”ei nis vi teim pneumatikeim speirana, megem ei nis vu teim sarkikeim therizani?If we have sown spiritual seed among you, is it too much for us to reap a material harvest from you?
speirateiō“sows”happening now · he/she/itpresent active subjunctive 3rd person singular1×
Galatians 6:7“sows”mē planivōr, theos ouk muktērizitō; hem gar ean speirateiō anthrōpos, houtem kai therizati;Do not be deceived: God is not to be mocked. Whatever a man sows, he will reap in return.
speiriteia“sown”happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular2×
Mark 4:31“sown”hōs kokko sinapieu, hos hotan speiriteia epi tau gēau, mikroterem arōtem panteiu teiu spermeiu teiu epi tau gēauIt is like a mustard seed, which is the smallest of all seeds sown upon the earth.
Mark 4:32“sown”kai hotan speiriteia, anabainatō kai ginetō megoterem panteiu teiu lachaneiu kai poiatō kladoin megoin, hōste dunerō hupo tan skian auteu teim peteineim tou ouranou kataskēnarō.But after it is planted, it grows to be the largest of all garden plants and puts forth great branches, so that the birds of the air nest in its shade.”
speirarō“sowed”happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive4×
Matthew 13:3“sow”kai lalata autoi polleim en parabolai legarōtos; Idou exerchata tos speirarōtos teu speirarō.And He told them many things in parables, saying, “A farmer went out to sow his seed.
Matthew 13:4“sowed”kai en te speirarō auton heim men piptata para tan hodan, kai ercharateim teim peteineim katesthiata auteim.And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it.
Mark 4:4“sowed”kai gineta en te speirarō hem men piptata para tan hodan, kai erchata teim peteineim kai katesthiata autem.And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it.
Luke 8:5“sowed”Exerchata tos speirarōtos teu speirara ton sporon autou. kai en te speirarō auton hem men piptata para tan hodan, kai katapatita kai teim peteineim tou ouranou katesthiata autem.“A farmer went out to sow his seed. And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, where it was trampled, and the birds of the air devoured it.
speirara“sow”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive2×
Mark 4:3“sow”Akouavōr. idou exerchata tos speirarōtos speirara.“Listen! A farmer went out to sow his seed.
Luke 8:5“sow”Exerchata tos speirarōtos teu speirara ton sporon autou. kai en te speirarō auton hem men piptata para tan hodan, kai katapatita kai teim peteineim tou ouranou katesthiata autem.“A farmer went out to sow his seed. And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, where it was trampled, and the birds of the air devoured it.
speirarōtos“sows”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine11×
Matthew 13:3“sower”kai lalata autoi polleim en parabolai legarōtos; Idou exerchata tos speirarōtos teu speirarō.And He told them many things in parables, saying, “A farmer went out to sow his seed.
Matthew 13:37“sows”tos de apokriniratos legata; Tos speirarōtos tem kalem spermem atō tos huios tou anthrōpou;He replied, “The One who sows the good seed is the Son of Man.
Mark 4:3“sower”Akouavōr. idou exerchata tos speirarōtos speirara.“Listen! A farmer went out to sow his seed.
Mark 4:14“sower”tos speirarōtos ton logon speiratō.The farmer sows the word.
Luke 8:5“sower”Exerchata tos speirarōtos teu speirara ton sporon autou. kai en te speirarō auton hem men piptata para tan hodan, kai katapatita kai teim peteineim tou ouranou katesthiata autem.“A farmer went out to sow his seed. And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, where it was trampled, and the birds of the air devoured it.
John 4:36“sower”tos therizarōtos misthon lambatō kai sunagatō karpon eis zōan aiōnian, hina tos speirarōtos homou chairateiō kai tos therizarōtos.Already the reaper draws his wages and gathers a crop for eternal life, so that the sower and the reaper may rejoice together.
John 4:37“sows”en gar houte tos logos atō alēthinos hoti Allos atō tos speirarōtos kai allos tos therizarōtos;For in this case the saying ‘One sows and another reaps’ is true.
2 Corinthians 9:6“sows”Houtem de, tos speirarōtos feidomenōs feidomenōs kai therizati, kai tos speirarōtos epi eulogiai epi eulogiai kai therizati.Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously.
2 Corinthians 9:6“sows”Houtem de, tos speirarōtos feidomenōs feidomenōs kai therizati, kai tos speirarōtos epi eulogiai epi eulogiai kai therizati.Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously.
Galatians 6:8“sows”hoti tos speirarōtos eis tan sarxan heautou ek tau sarxau therizati fthoran, tos de speirarōtos eis tem pneumem ek teu pneumeu therizati zōan aiōnian.The one who sows to please his flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; but the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.
Galatians 6:8“sows”hoti tos speirarōtos eis tan sarxan heautou ek tau sarxau therizati fthoran, tos de speirarōtos eis tem pneumem ek teu pneumeu therizati zōan aiōnian.The one who sows to please his flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; but the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.
speirarōto“sower”happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative singular masculine1×
2 Corinthians 9:10“sower”tos de epichorēgarōtos sporon to speirarōto kai arton eis brōsian chorēgati kai plēthunati ton sporon vu kai auxanati teim genēmeim tau dikaiosunau vu;Now He who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food will supply and multiply your store of seed and will increase the harvest of your righteousness.
speirirōtois“sown”happening now · subjectpresent passive participle nominative plural masculine2×
Mark 4:16“sown”kai houtois alō homoiōs tois epi teim petrōdeeim speirirōtois, hois hotan akoualeia ton logon euthuos meta charau lambalō auton,Some are like the seeds sown on rocky ground. They hear the word and at once receive it with joy.
Mark 4:18“sown”kai allois alō tois eis tain akanthain speirirōtois; houtois alō tois ton logon akouaratois,Others are like the seeds sown among the thorns. They hear the word,
speiraratos“sowed”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Matthew 13:39“sowed”tos de echthros tos speiraratos auteim atō tos diabolos; tos de therismos sunteleias aiōnou atō, tois de theristois angelois alō.and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.
speiraratou“sower”happened · of, belonging toaorist active participle genitive singular masculine1×
Matthew 13:18“sower”Vis oun akouavar tan parabolan tou speiraratou.Consider, then, the parable of the sower:
speirarato“sowed”happened · to, foraorist active participle dative singular masculine1×
Matthew 13:24“sowed”Allan parabolan paratithata autoi legarōtos; Homoiita tas basileias toiu ouranoiu anthrōpo speirarato kalem spermem en to agro autou.Jesus put before them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field.
speiriratos“sown”happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative singular masculine4×
Matthew 13:19“sown”pantou akouarōtou ton logon tau basileiau kai mē suniēkarōtou, erchetō tos ponēros kai harpazatō tem speirirētem en ta kardia autou; houtos atō tos para tan hodan speiriratos.When anyone hears the message of the kingdom but does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is the seed sown along the path.
Matthew 13:20“sown”tos de epi teim petrōdeeim speiriratos, houtos atō tos ton logon akouarōtos kai euthuos meta charau lambarōtos auton,The seed sown on rocky ground is the one who hears the word and at once receives it with joy.
Matthew 13:22“sown”tos de eis tain akanthain speiriratos, houtos atō tos ton logon akouarōtos, kai tas merimnas tou aiōnou houtou kai tas apatas tou ploutou sumpnigatō ton logon, kai akarpos ginetō.The seed sown among the thorns is the one who hears the word, but the worries of this life and the deceitfulness of wealth choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful.
Matthew 13:23“sown”tos de epi tan kalan gēan speiriratos, houtos atō tos ton logon akouarōtos kai suniēkarōtos, hos dē karpoforatō kai poiatō hem men hekaton hem de hexēkonta hem de triakonta.But the seed sown on good soil is the one who hears the word and understands it. He indeed bears fruit and produces a crop — a hundredfold, sixtyfold, or thirtyfold.”
speiriratois“sown”happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative plural masculine1×
Mark 4:20“sown”kai ekeinois alō tois epi tan gēan tan kalan speiriratois, hotinois akoualō ton logon kai paradechelō kai karpoforalō henem triakonta kai henem hexēkonta kai henem hekaton.Still others are like the seeds sown on good soil. They hear the word, receive it, and produce a crop — thirtyfold, sixtyfold, or a hundredfold.”
speirirēton“sown”has happened · objectperfect passive participle accusative singular masculine1×
Mark 4:15“sown”houtois de alō tois para tan hodan hopou speiritō tos logos, kai hotan akoualeia euthuos erchetō tos Satanaos kai airatō ton logon ton speirirēton eis autoin.Some are like the seeds along the path, where the word is sown. As soon as they hear it, Satan comes and takes away the word that was sown in them.
speirirētem“sown”has happened · objectperfect passive participle direct singular neuter1×
Matthew 13:19“sown”pantou akouarōtou ton logon tau basileiau kai mē suniēkarōtou, erchetō tos ponēros kai harpazatō tem speirirētem en ta kardia autou; houtos atō tos para tan hodan speiriratos.When anyone hears the message of the kingdom but does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is the seed sown along the path.