verb
sumbainamō
Strong’sG4819
I happen, occur
stem sumbain-8 times in the New Testamentin 6 of 27 books8 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
συμ-βαίνω
[in LXX for עשׂה, קרא, קרה, etc.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4819 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
future -βήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+perfect -βέβηκα, 3rd.pers. plural -βεβᾶσιRefs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect infinitive -βεβάναιRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect infinitive passive -βεβάσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+aorist 2 συνέβην (see. below): aorist 1 subjunctive passive ξυμβᾰθῇ Refs:— stand with the feet together, Refs 5th c.BC+; συμβᾶσα τὼ πόδε, opposed to περιβάδην, Refs 3rd c.AD+; Παλλάδιον τοῖς ποσὶ συμβεβηκός a statue with closed feet, as in early Greek art, Refs 2nd c.AD+
2 σ. κακοῖς to be joined to them, i.e. increase them, Refs 5th c.BC+
3 meet, σὺν δ᾽ ἔβη ἐν Φιλότητι Refs 5th c.BC+; ξυμβέβηκε δ᾽ οὐδαμοῦ has never come in my way, has had naught to do with me, Refs 5th c.BC+
4 attack jointly, ἐπὶ Ναξίους Refs 1st c.BC+
II most frequently metaphorically, come to an agreement, come to terms, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ ἐλάττονι σ. agree on (i.e. to accept) less, Refs 2nd c.AD+: with dative, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: with neuter adjective, ἐὰν ξυμβῶ τί σοι Refs 5th c.BC+; ξ. τὰ πλείω, οὐδέν, Refs: with infinitive, συνέβησαν ἐς τὠυτὸ.., τὸν δὲ βασιλεύειν Refs 5th c.BC+; ξ. ἤν τις ἁλίσκηται,.. δοῦλον εἶναιRefs 5th c.BC+; σ. εἰς τὸ μέσον agree to a compromise, Refs 5th c.BC+; λόγοις σ., of a verbal agreement, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, make friends with, ἐκ πολέμου ξ. Refs 5th c.BC+perfect συμβεβάναι and passive, of the agreement, δοκέοντες πάντα συμβεβάναι that everything had been settled, or that they had settled everything, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.2 agree with, be on good terms with, οὐ.. Ἀθηναίοισι συνέβαιν᾽ Αἰσχύλος Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ἑκατέρᾳ τῶν στάσεων hold with one and other of them, Refs 1st c.BC+
II.3 of things, tally, correspond with, ὁ χρόνος ἐδόκεε τῇ ἡλικίῃ συμβαίνειν Refs 5th c.BC+; χρησμοί τε συμβαίνουσι are in harmony therewith, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸ σ. εἰς ταύτην εἶναι πέμπτην five days later exactly tallies, Refs 4th c.BC+; τοῦτο σ. οὐ πλέον ἢ εἰς δώδεκα comes to no more than 12, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ φαρμακεύεσθαι τῷ καθαίρεσθαι εἰς ταὐτὸν σ. comes to the same thing as.., Refs 2nd c.AD+; of ashlar-work, fit or range exactly, Refs 2nd c.AD+
II.4 fall to one's lot, with dative person, μοι σ. ἆται Refs 5th c.BC+
II.5 to be an attribute or characteristic of, ξυνεβεβήκει.. Ἀθηναίοις τοῦτο Refs 5th c.BC+
III of events, come to pass, fall out, happen, συμβαίνει δ᾽ οὐ τὰ μέν, τὰ δ᾽ οὔ Refs 4th c.BC+; τῶνδε ναμέρτεια σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ καιρὸς σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ if anything happen (i.e. any evil), Refs 4th c.BC+: generally, occur, be found, exist, ἐν τῇ ἀρχαίᾳ ἡμετέρᾳ φωνῇ σ. τὸ ὄνομα Refs 5th c.BC+
III.b mostly impersonal, sometimes with dative et infinitive, αὐτῷ Ὀλυμπιάδα ἀνελέσθαι συνέβη Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes with accusative et infinitive, συνέβη Γέλωνα νικᾶν Refs 5th c.BC+; followed by ὥστε, Refs 5th c.BC+participle, σ. ὄν, γιγνόμενον, λεγόμενον, Refs 5th c.BC+
III.c τὸ συμβεβηκός chance event, contingency, Refs 5th c.BC+ by accident, contingently (see. below iv. Refs; τοῦ συμβαίνοντός ἐστι it depends upon accident, easily happens, Refs 4th c.BC+
III.2 joined with Adverbs or Adiectives, turn out in a certain way, ὀρθῶς σφι ἡ φήμη συνέβαινε ἐλθοῦσα Refs 5th c.BC+; κακῶς, καλῶς συμβῆναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ταῦτα.. λαμπρὰ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; συμβαίνει καὶ σοὶ (i.e. ἄριστον) Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, turn out well, ἢν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα Refs 5th c.BC+
III.3 of consequences, come out, result, follow, δαπανῶντες ἐς τοιαῦτα ἀφ᾽ ὦν ἡ ἀσθένεια ξυμβαίνει Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ συμβάντα, opposed to ἡ προαίρεσις, Refs 4th c.BC+
III.3.b of logical conclusions, result, follow, frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+: impersonal, it follows, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ turns out to be, i.e. consequently or inevitably is or happens, κάθαρσις εἶναι τοῦτο σ. Refs 5th c.BC+
IV in Philos., τὸ συμβεβηκός has two senses:
IV.1 a contingent attribute or 'accident' (in the modern sense), Refs 4th c.BC+; κατὰ συμβεβηκός 'accidentally', opposed to καθ᾽ αὑτό, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ἁπλῶς, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to φύσει, Refs; opposed to κυρίως, πρώτως, Refs 2nd c.AD+; opposed to ἄντικρυς, Refs
IV.2 an attribute necessarily resulting from the notion of a thing, but not entering into the definition thereof, οἷον τῷ τριγώνῳ τὸ δύο ὀρθὰς ἔχειν Refs 4th c.BC+; distinguished by the addition of καθ᾽ αὑτό, Refs; in Epicurus, essential attribute, property, opposed to σύμπτωμα 'accident', τὰ τούτων συμπτώματα ἢ σ. Refs 1st c.BC+; in the Stoics, consequence, opposed to αἴτιον, Refs 4th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| sumbainateσυνέβαινεν | was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | happened | 1× |
| sumbainataσυνέβη | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | happened | 1× |
| sumbainatēσυμβέβηκεν | has happened · he/she/itperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | happened | 1× |
| sumbainarōσυμβαίνειν | happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive | happen | 1× |
| sumbainarōnteuσυμβαίνοντος | happening now · of, belonging topresent active participle genitive singular neuter | happening | 1× |
| sumbainarantoiuσυμβάντων | happened · of, belonging toaorist active participle genitive plural masculine | happened | 1× |
| sumbainarēnteσυμβεβηκότι | has happened · to, forperfect active participle dative singular neuter | happened | 1× |
| sumbainarēnteiuσυμβεβηκότων | has happened · of, belonging toperfect active participle genitive plural neuter | happened | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 3 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | sumbainamō | sumbainame | sumbainami | sumbainama | sumbainamē | sumbainamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | sumbainasō | sumbainase | sumbainasi | sumbainasa | sumbainasē | sumbainaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | sumbainatō | sumbainate1×συνέβαινεν | sumbainati | sumbainata1×συνέβη | sumbainatē1×συμβέβηκεν | sumbainatelē |
| we 1st person plural | sumbainanō | sumbainane | sumbainani | sumbainana | sumbainanē | sumbainanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | sumbainavō | sumbainave | sumbainavi | sumbainava | sumbainavē | sumbainavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | sumbainalō | sumbainale | sumbainali | sumbainala | sumbainalē | sumbainalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | sumbainameiō | sumbainameia | sumbainameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | sumbainaseiō | sumbainaseia | sumbainaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | sumbainateiō | sumbainateia | sumbainateiē |
| we 1st person plural | sumbainaneiō | sumbainaneia | sumbainaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | sumbainaveiō | sumbainaveia | sumbainaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | sumbainaleiō | sumbainaleia | sumbainaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | sumbainasōr | sumbainasar | sumbainasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | sumbainatōr | sumbainatar | sumbainatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | sumbainavōr | sumbainavar | sumbainavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | sumbainalōr | sumbainalar | sumbainalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | sumbainamoiō | sumbainamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | sumbainasoiō | sumbainasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | sumbainatoiō | sumbainatoia |
| we 1st person plural | sumbainanoiō | sumbainanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | sumbainavoiō | sumbainavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | sumbainaloiō | sumbainaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | sumbainarō1×συμβαίνειν | sumbainari | sumbainara | sumbainarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 4 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | sumbainarōntos1× | sumbainarintos | sumbainarantos1× | sumbainarēntos2× |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
sumbain is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
8 occurrences, every one of them listed
sumbainate“happened”was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular1×
1 Corinthians 10:11houteim de tupikōs sumbainate ekeinoi, grafita de pros nouthesian nu, …Now these things happened to them as examples and were …
sumbainata“happened”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Acts 21:35“happened”hote de geneta epi toin anabathmoin, sumbainata bastazorō auton hupo toiu stratiōtoiu dia …When Paul reached the steps, he had to be carried by the soldiers because of the violence …
sumbainatē“happened”has happened · he/she/itperfect active indicative 3rd person singular1×
2 Peter 2:22“happened”sumbainatē autoi tem tau alēthau paroimiau; Kunos …Of them the proverbs are true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and, “A sow that is washed goes back to her wallowing in the mud.”
sumbainarō“happen”happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive1×
Mark 10:32… archeta autoi legarō teim mellarōnteim auto sumbainarō… tell them what was going to happen to Him:
sumbainarōnteu“happening”happening now · of, belonging topresent active participle genitive singular neuter1×
1 Peter 4:12… peirasmon vi genorōnta hōs xeneu vi sumbainarōnteu,… you, as though something strange were happening to you.
sumbainarantoiu“happened”happened · of, belonging toaorist active participle genitive plural masculine1×
Acts 20:19“happened”… tapeinofrosunau kai dakrueiu kai peirasmoiu toiu sumbainarantoiu mi en tai epiboulai toiu Ioudaioiu;… with great humility and with tears, especially in the trials that came upon me through the plots of the Jews.
sumbainarēnte“happened”has happened · to, forperfect active participle dative singular neuter1×
Acts 3:10… pimplēila thambeu kai ekstasiau epi te sumbainarēnte auto.… wonder and amazement at what had happened to him.
sumbainarēnteiu“happened”has happened · of, belonging toperfect active participle genitive plural neuter1×
Luke 24:14… homilale pros allēloin peri panteiu teiu sumbainarēnteiu houteiu.… each other about everything that had happened.