verb
thnēskamō
Strong’sG2348
I die, am dead
stem thnēsk-9 times in the New Testamentin 6 of 27 books6 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
θνήσκω,
[in LXX chiefly for מות;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G2348 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidthnay'-sko
to die (literally or figuratively)
Froma strengthened form of a simpler primary θάνω (which is used for it only in certain tenses);
King Jamesbe dead, die.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
(with ι Refs; θνείσκ- Refs 5th c.BC+, Aeolic dialect θναίσκω Hdn.Gr.Refsθνᾴσκω Refs 3rd c.BC+: future θᾰνοῦμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive -έεσθαιRefs 8th c.BC+aorist 2 ἔθᾰνον, Epic dialect θάνον Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive Epic dialect and Ionic dialect θανέειν, as always in Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect τέθνηκα Refs 8th c.BC+; subjunctive τεθνήκω Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐτεθνήκειν Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural -ήκεσανRefs 5th c.BC+: short forms of perfect, 3rd.pers. dual τέθνᾰτον Refs 5th c.BC+, 1st pers. plural τέθνᾰμεν Refs 5th c.BC+, 3rd.pers. plural τεθνᾶσι Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural pluperfect ἐτέθνᾰσαν Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive τεθνάναι [ᾰ] Refs 7th c.BC+ uncertain reading in Refs 6th c.BC+; Epic dialect τεθνάμεναι, -άμεν, Refs 8th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect τεθνάκην Refs 7th c.BC+; participle τεθνεώς Refs 6th c.BC+; genitive τεθνεῶτος, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+; poetry τεθνεότος Archel. cited in Refs 3rd c.BC+; Doric dialect τεθνᾰότα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect τεθνηώς (variant{-ειώς}) Refs 8th c.BC+, -ηυῖα Refs 8th c.BC+; genitive τεθνηῶτος Refs 8th c.BC+ is trisyllable Refs 8th c.BC+: disyllable forms are written in later Gr., nominative τεθνώς Refs; genitive singular τεθνῶτος Refs 1st c.AD+; dative singular τεθνῶτι Refs; feminine τεθνώσῃ (and genitive plural τεθνήτων) Refs; accusative plural feminine τεθνώσας Refs 2nd c.AD+ arose future τεθνήξω Refs 5th c.BC+ (censured as archaic by Refs 2nd c.BC+; participle τεθνηξόμενος Refs 4th c.AD+—The simple Verb is regularly used in early Prose in perfect and pluperfect; for present, future, and aorist the compound ἀποθνῄσκω is substituted: θνῄσκει variant in Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist participle θανών, subjunctive θάνῃ, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist infinitive θανεῖν Refs:—in present and imperfect, die, as well of natural as of violent death; in aorist and perfect, to be dead (compare τί τοὺς θανὅντας οὐκ ἐᾷς τεθνηκένα; Refs 8th c.BC+; ζωὸς ἠὲ θανών alive or dead, Refs 8th c.BC+; τεθνάτω let him be put to death, Refs; ἄτιμος τεθ. Legal cited in Refs 4th c.BC+: frequently in participle, νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος Refs 8th c.BC+; νεκρὸν.. τεθνηῶτα a dead corpse, Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ τεθνηκότες, οἱ θανόντες, the dead, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἴχεται θανών (see. οἴχομαι); θανὼν φροῦδος (see. φροῦδος); θανόντι συνθανεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ θανών, opposed to ὁ κτανών, Refs 5th c.BC+present with perfect sense, θνῄσκουσι γάρ, for τεθνήκασι, Refs 5th c.BC+
2 used like a passive Verb, χερσὶν ὑπ᾽ Αἴαντος θανέειν to fall by his hand, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρός τινοςRefs 5th c.BC+; τεθνάναι τῷ δέει, τ. τῷ φόβῳ, with accusative, to be in mortal fear of, Refs 4th c.BC+; θ. ἐπί τινι to die leaving one as heir, Refs 2nd c.AD+
II metaphorically, of things, perish, θνᾴσκει σιγαθὲν καλὸν ἔργον Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| thnēskatēτέθνηκεν | has happened · he/she/itperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | dead | 3× |
| thnēskalēτεθνήκασιν | has happened · theyperfect active indicative 3rd person plural | dead | 1× |
| thnēskarēτεθνηκέναι | has happened · the “to …” formperfect active infinitive | dead | 1× |
| thnēskarēntosτεθνηκὼς | has happened · subjectperfect active participle nominative singular masculine | dead | 2× |
| thnēskarēntonτεθνηκότα | has happened · objectperfect active participle accusative singular masculine | dead | 1× |
| thnēskarēntouτεθνηκότος | has happened · of, belonging toperfect active participle genitive singular masculine | dead | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 4 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | thnēskamō | thnēskame | thnēskami | thnēskama | thnēskamē | thnēskamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | thnēskasō | thnēskase | thnēskasi | thnēskasa | thnēskasē | thnēskaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | thnēskatō | thnēskate | thnēskati | thnēskata | thnēskatē3×τέθνηκεν | thnēskatelē |
| we 1st person plural | thnēskanō | thnēskane | thnēskani | thnēskana | thnēskanē | thnēskanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | thnēskavō | thnēskave | thnēskavi | thnēskava | thnēskavē | thnēskavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | thnēskalō | thnēskale | thnēskali | thnēskala | thnēskalē1×τεθνήκασιν | thnēskalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | thnēskameiō | thnēskameia | thnēskameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | thnēskaseiō | thnēskaseia | thnēskaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | thnēskateiō | thnēskateia | thnēskateiē |
| we 1st person plural | thnēskaneiō | thnēskaneia | thnēskaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | thnēskaveiō | thnēskaveia | thnēskaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | thnēskaleiō | thnēskaleia | thnēskaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | thnēskasōr | thnēskasar | thnēskasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | thnēskatōr | thnēskatar | thnēskatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | thnēskavōr | thnēskavar | thnēskavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | thnēskalōr | thnēskalar | thnēskalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | thnēskamoiō | thnēskamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | thnēskasoiō | thnēskasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | thnēskatoiō | thnēskatoia |
| we 1st person plural | thnēskanoiō | thnēskanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | thnēskavoiō | thnēskavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | thnēskaloiō | thnēskaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | thnēskarō | thnēskari | thnēskara | thnēskarē1×τεθνηκέναι |
Used as an adjective — participle, 4 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | thnēskarōntos | thnēskarintos | thnēskarantos | thnēskarēntos4×τεθνηκὼς |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
thnēsk is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
9 occurrences, every one of them listed
thnēskatē“dead”has happened · he/she/itperfect active indicative 3rd person singular3×
Mark 15:44tos de Pilatos thaumazata ei ēdē thnēskatē, kai proskalerantos ton kenturiōnon eperōtata auton …… to hear that Jesus was already dead, so he summoned the centurion to …
Luke 8:49… tinos para tou archisunagōgou legarōntos hoti Thnēskatē tas thugatras su, mēketi skullasōr ton …… the synagogue leader. “Your daughter is dead,” he told Jairus. “Do not bother …
1 Timothy 5:6tas de spatalarōntas zōarōntas thnēskatē.… she who lives for pleasure is dead even while she is still alive.
thnēskalē“dead”has happened · theyperfect active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Matthew 2:20… autou kai poreuosōr eis gēan Israēl, thnēskalē gar tois zētarōntois tan psuchan teu …… seeking the Child’s life are now dead.”
thnēskarē“dead”has happened · the “to …” formperfect active infinitive1×
Acts 14:19… surale exō tau polau, nomizarōntois auton thnēskarē.… outside the city, presuming he was dead.
thnēskarēntos“dead”has happened · subjectperfect active participle nominative singular masculine2×
Luke 7:12… pula tau polau, kai idou ekkomizote thnēskarēntos monogenos huios ta mētēra autou, kai …… the town gate, He saw a dead man being carried out, the only …
John 11:44“died”exerchata tos thnēskarēntos dorēntos toin podoin kai tain cheirain …The man who had been dead came out with his hands and feet bound in strips …
thnēskarēnton“dead”has happened · objectperfect active participle accusative singular masculine1×
John 19:33… Iēsun ercharantois, hōs horala ēdē auton thnēskarēnton, ouk kateagala autou teim skeleim,… and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs.
thnēskarēntou“dead”has happened · of, belonging toperfect active participle genitive singular masculine1×
Acts 25:19“dead”… pros auton kai peri tinou Iēsu thnēskarēntou, hon faskate tos Paulos zōarō.… some contentions with him regarding their own religion and a certain Jesus who had died, but whom Paul affirmed to be alive.