verb
skandalizimō
Greekσκανδαλίζω (skandalizō)
Strong’sG4624
I cause to stumble
stem skandaliz-30 times in the New Testamentin 7 of 27 books14 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
† σκανδαλίζω
(< σκάνδαλον), [in LXX: Da LXX 11:41 (כּשׁל ni.), Si 9:5 35 (32):15 (יקשׁ ho.) ib. 23:8 (also in Aq., Sm., Th., and in Ps Sol 16:7; not elsewhere, except NT and eccl.)*;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4624 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidskan-dal-id'-zo
to entrap, i.e. trip up (figuratively, stumble (transitively) or entice to sin, apostasy or displeasure)
Fromfrom G4625;
King James(make to) offend.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| skandalizatōσκανδαλίζει | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | causes … tosin | 6× |
| skandalizitōσκανδαλίζεται | happening now · he/she/itpresent passive indicative 3rd person singular | falls away | 3× |
| skandalizilōσκανδαλίζονται | happening now · theypresent passive indicative 3rd person plural | fall away | 1× |
| skandalizileἐσκανδαλίζοντο | was happening · theyimperfect passive indicative 3rd person plural | offended | 2× |
| skandalizimiσκανδαλισθήσομαι | will happen · Ifuture passive indicative 1st person singular | fall away | 1× |
| skandaliziviσκανδαλισθήσεσθε | will happen · yefuture passive indicative 2nd person plural | fall away | 2× |
| skandaliziliσκανδαλισθήσονται | will happen · theyfuture passive indicative 3rd person plural | fall away | 3× |
| skandalizilaἐσκανδαλίσθησαν | happened · theyaorist passive indicative 3rd person plural | offended | 1× |
| skandalizateiōσκανδαλίζῃ | happening now · he/she/itpresent active subjunctive 3rd person singular | causes … tosin | 3× |
| skandalizameiaσκανδαλίσω | happened · Iaorist active subjunctive 1st person singular | cause … tofall | 1× |
| skandalizateiaσκανδαλίσῃ | happened · he/she/itaorist active subjunctive 3rd person singular | causes … tosin | 3× |
| skandalizaneiaσκανδαλίσωμεν | happened · weaorist active subjunctive 1st person plural | offend | 1× |
| skandaliziteiaσκανδαλισθῇ | happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular | offended | 2× |
| skandaliziveiaσκανδαλισθῆτε | happened · yeaorist passive subjunctive 2nd person plural | made to stumble | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 19 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | skandalizamō | skandalizame | skandalizami | skandalizama | skandalizamē | skandalizamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | skandalizasō | skandalizase | skandalizasi | skandalizasa | skandalizasē | skandalizaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | skandalizatō6×σκανδαλίζει | skandalizate | skandalizati | skandalizata | skandalizatē | skandalizatelē |
| we 1st person plural | skandalizanō | skandalizane | skandalizani | skandalizana | skandalizanē | skandalizanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | skandalizavō | skandalizave | skandalizavi | skandalizava | skandalizavē | skandalizavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | skandalizalō | skandalizale | skandalizali | skandalizala | skandalizalē | skandalizalelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | skandalizimō | skandalizime | skandalizimi1×σκανδαλισθήσομαι | skandalizima | skandalizimē | skandalizimelē |
| you 2nd person singular | skandalizisō | skandalizise | skandalizisi | skandalizisa | skandalizisē | skandaliziselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | skandalizitō3×σκανδαλίζεται | skandalizite | skandaliziti | skandalizita | skandalizitē | skandalizitelē |
| we 1st person plural | skandalizinō | skandalizine | skandalizini | skandalizina | skandalizinē | skandalizinelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | skandalizivō | skandalizive | skandalizivi2×σκανδαλισθήσεσθε | skandaliziva | skandalizivē | skandalizivelē |
| they 3rd person plural | skandalizilō1×σκανδαλίζονται | skandalizile2×ἐσκανδαλίζοντο | skandalizili3×σκανδαλισθήσονται | skandalizila1×ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν | skandalizilē | skandalizilelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 11 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | skandalizameiō | skandalizameia1×σκανδαλίσω | skandalizameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | skandalizaseiō | skandalizaseia | skandalizaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | skandalizateiō3×σκανδαλίζῃ | skandalizateia3×σκανδαλίσῃ | skandalizateiē |
| we 1st person plural | skandalizaneiō | skandalizaneia1×σκανδαλίσωμεν | skandalizaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | skandalizaveiō | skandalizaveia | skandalizaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | skandalizaleiō | skandalizaleia | skandalizaleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | skandalizimeiō | skandalizimeia | skandalizimeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | skandaliziseiō | skandaliziseia | skandaliziseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | skandaliziteiō | skandaliziteia2×σκανδαλισθῇ | skandaliziteiē |
| we 1st person plural | skandalizineiō | skandalizineia | skandalizineiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | skandaliziveiō | skandaliziveia1×σκανδαλισθῆτε | skandaliziveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | skandalizileiō | skandalizileia | skandalizileiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | skandalizasōr | skandalizasar | skandalizasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | skandalizatōr | skandalizatar | skandalizatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | skandalizavōr | skandalizavar | skandalizavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | skandalizalōr | skandalizalar | skandalizalēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | skandalizisōr | skandalizisar | skandalizisēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | skandalizitōr | skandalizitar | skandalizitēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | skandalizivōr | skandalizivar | skandalizivēr |
| they 3rd person plural | skandalizilōr | skandalizilar | skandalizilēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | skandalizamoiō | skandalizamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | skandalizasoiō | skandalizasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | skandalizatoiō | skandalizatoia |
| we 1st person plural | skandalizanoiō | skandalizanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | skandalizavoiō | skandalizavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | skandalizaloiō | skandalizaloia |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | skandalizimoiō | skandalizimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | skandalizisoiō | skandalizisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | skandalizitoiō | skandalizitoia |
| we 1st person plural | skandalizinoiō | skandalizinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | skandalizivoiō | skandalizivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | skandaliziloiō | skandaliziloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | skandalizarō | skandalizari | skandalizara | skandalizarē |
| acted on passive voice | skandalizirō | skandaliziri | skandalizira | skandalizirē |
Used as an adjective — participle, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | skandalizarōtos | skandalizaritos | skandalizaratos | skandalizarētos |
| acted on passive voice | skandalizirōtos | skandaliziritos | skandaliziratos | skandalizirētos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
skandaliz is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
30 occurrences, every one of them listed
skandalizatō“causes … tosin”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular6×
Matthew 5:29“causes … tosin”ei de tos ofthalmos su tos dexos skandalizatō sin, exairasar auton kai ballasar apo su, sumferatō gar si hina apollueteia henem teiu meleiu su kai mē holem tem sōmem su balliteia eis geennan.If your right eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.
Matthew 5:30“causes … tosin”kai ei tas dexas su cheiras skandalizatō sin, ekkoptasar autan kai ballasar apo su, sumferatō gar si hina apollueteia henem teiu meleiu su kai mē holem tem sōmem su eis geennan aperchateia.And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to depart into hell.
Matthew 18:8“causes … tosin”Ei de tas cheiras su ē tos podos su skandalizatō sin, ekkoptasar auton kai ballasar apo su; kalem si atō eiserchara eis tan zōan kullon ē chōlon, ē duo cheirain ē duo podoin echarōton ballira eis tem purem tem aiōniem.If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life crippled or lame than to have two hands and two feet and be thrown into the eternal fire.
Matthew 18:9“causes … tosin”kai ei tos ofthalmos su skandalizatō sin, exairasar auton kai ballasar apo su; kalem si atō monofthalmon eis tan zōan eiserchara, ē duo ofthalmoin echarōton ballira eis tan geennan teu pureu.And if your eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell.
John 6:61“offend”horarētos de tos Iēsus en heauto hoti gonguzalō peri houteu tois mathētois autou legata autoi; Houtem vin skandalizatō?Aware that His disciples were grumbling about this teaching, Jesus asked them, “Does this offend you?
1 Corinthians 8:13“makes … stumble”dioper ei brōmem skandalizatō ton adelfon mu, ouk mē esthiameia kreateim eis ton aiōnon, hina mē ton adelfon mu skandalizameia.Therefore, if what I eat causes my brother to stumble, I will never eat meat again, so that I will not cause him to stumble.
skandalizitō“falls away”happening now · he/she/itpresent passive indicative 3rd person singular3×
Matthew 13:21“falls away”ouk echatō de rizan en heauto alla proskairos atō, gineratau de thlipsiau ē diōgmou dia ton logon euthuos skandalizitō.But since he has no root, he remains for only a season. When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, he quickly falls away.
Romans 14:21“is caused to sin”kalem tem mē esthiara kreateim mēde pinara oinon mēde en he tos adelfos su proskoptatō ē skandalizitō ē asthenatō;It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or to do anything to cause your brother to stumble.
2 Corinthians 11:29“made to stumble”tinos asthenatō, kai ouk asthenamō? tinos skandalizitō kai ouk mis purimō?Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who is led into sin, and I do not burn with grief?
skandalizilō“fall away”happening now · theypresent passive indicative 3rd person plural1×
Mark 4:17“fall away”kai ouk echalō rizan en heautoi alla proskairois alō, eita gineratau thlipsiau ē diōgmou dia ton logon euthuos skandalizilō.But they themselves have no root, and they remain for only a season. When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, they quickly fall away.
skandalizile“offended”was happening · theyimperfect passive indicative 3rd person plural2×
Matthew 13:57“offended”kai skandalizile en auto. tos de Iēsus legata autoi; Ouk atō profētos atimos ei mē en ta patrida kai en ta oikia autou.And they took offense at Him. But Jesus said to them, “Only in his hometown and in his own household is a prophet without honor.”
Mark 6:3“offended”ouk houtos atō tos tektōnos, tos huios tau Mariau kai adelfos Iakōbou kai Iōsou kai Ioudaou kai Simōnou? kai ouk alō tais adelfais autou hōde pros nin? kai skandalizile en auto.Isn’t this the carpenter, the son of Mary and the brother of James, Joses, Judas, and Simon? Aren’t His sisters here with us as well?” And they took offense at Him.
skandalizimi“fall away”will happen · Ifuture passive indicative 1st person singular1×
Matthew 26:33“fall away”apokriniratos de tos Petros legata auto; Ei pantois skandalizili en si, mis oudepote skandalizimi.Peter said to Him, “Even if all fall away on account of You, I never will.”
skandalizivi“fall away”will happen · yefuture passive indicative 2nd person plural2×
Matthew 26:31“fall away”Tote legatō autoi tos Iēsus; Pantois vis skandalizivi en mi en ta nuxa houta, grafitē gar; Patassami ton poimēnon, kai diaskorpizili teim probateim tau poimnau;Then Jesus said to them, “This very night you will all fall away on account of Me. For it is written: ‘I will strike the Shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’
Mark 14:27“fall away”Kai legatō autoi tos Iēsus hoti Pantois skandalizivi, hoti grafitē; Patassami ton poimēnon, kai teim probateim diaskorpizili.Then Jesus said to them, “You will all fall away, for it is written: ‘I will strike the Shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.’
skandalizili“fall away”will happen · theyfuture passive indicative 3rd person plural3×
Matthew 24:10“fall away”kai tote skandalizili pollois kai allēloin paradōali kai misali allēloin;At that time many will fall away and will betray and hate one another,
Matthew 26:33“fall away”apokriniratos de tos Petros legata auto; Ei pantois skandalizili en si, mis oudepote skandalizimi.Peter said to Him, “Even if all fall away on account of You, I never will.”
Mark 14:29“fall away”tos de Petros fēate auto; Ei kai pantois skandalizili, alla ouk mis.Peter declared, “Even if all fall away, I never will.”
skandalizila“offended”happened · theyaorist passive indicative 3rd person plural1×
Matthew 15:12“offended”Tote prosercharatois tois mathētois legalō auto; Oidasē hoti tois Farisaiois akouaratois ton logon skandalizila?Then the disciples came to Him and said, “Are You aware that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this?”
skandalizateiō“causes … tosin”happening now · he/she/itpresent active subjunctive 3rd person singular3×
Mark 9:43“causes … tosin”Kai ean skandalizateiō sin tas cheiras su, apokoptasar autan; kalem atō sin kullon eiserchara eis tan zōan ē tain duo cheirain echarōton aperchara eis tan geennan, eis tem purem tem asbestem.If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than to have two hands and go into hell, into the unquenchable fire.
Mark 9:45“causes … tosin”kai ean tos podos su skandalizateiō sin, apokoptasar auton; kalem atō sin eiserchara eis tan zōan chōlon ē toin duo podoin echarōton ballira eis tan geennan.If your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life lame than to have two feet and be thrown into hell.
Mark 9:47“causes … tosin”kai ean tos ofthalmos su skandalizateiō sin, ekballasar auton; kalem sin atō monofthalmon eiserchara eis tan basileian tou theou ē duo ofthalmoin echarōton ballira eis tan geennan,And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into hell,
skandalizameia“cause … tofall”happened · Iaorist active subjunctive 1st person singular1×
1 Corinthians 8:13“cause … tofall”dioper ei brōmem skandalizatō ton adelfon mu, ouk mē esthiameia kreateim eis ton aiōnon, hina mē ton adelfon mu skandalizameia.Therefore, if what I eat causes my brother to stumble, I will never eat meat again, so that I will not cause him to stumble.
skandalizateia“causes … tosin”happened · he/she/itaorist active subjunctive 3rd person singular3×
Matthew 18:6“causes … tosin”Hos de an skandalizateia henon toiu mikroiu houtoiu toiu pisteuarōtoiu eis min, sumferatō auto hina kremannuiteia mulos onikos eis ton trachēlon autou kai katapontiziteia en te pelage tau thalassau.But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in Me to stumble, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.
Mark 9:42“causes … tosin”Kai hos an skandalizateia henon toiu mikroiu houtoiu toiu pisteuarōtoiu eis min, kalem atō auto mallon ei perikeietō mulos onikos peri ton trachēlon autou kai ballitē eis tan thalassan.But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in Me to stumble, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be thrown into the sea.
Luke 17:2“cause … tostumble”lusiteleiatō auto ei lithos mulikos perikeietō peri ton trachēlon autou kai riptitē eis tan thalassan ē hina skandalizateia toiu mikroiu houtoiu henon.It would be better for him to have a millstone hung around his neck and to be thrown into the sea than to cause one of these little ones to stumble.
skandalizaneia“offend”happened · weaorist active subjunctive 1st person plural1×
Matthew 17:27“offend”hina de mē skandalizaneia autoin, poreuiratos eis thalassan ballasar ankistrem kai ton anabainaraton prōton ichthon airasar, kai anoigaratos tem stomem autou heuriskasi statēron; ekeinon lambaratos dōasar autoi anti mu kai su.“But so that we may not offend them, go to the sea, cast a hook, and take the first fish you catch. When you open its mouth, you will find a four-drachma coin. Take it and give it to them for My tax and yours.”
skandaliziteia“offended”happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular2×
Matthew 11:6“offended”kai makarios atō hos ean mē skandaliziteia en mi.Blessed is the one who does not fall away on account of Me.”
Luke 7:23“offended”kai makarios atō hos ean mē skandaliziteia en mi.Blessed is the one who does not fall away on account of Me.”
skandaliziveia“made to stumble”happened · yeaorist passive subjunctive 2nd person plural1×
John 16:1“made to stumble”Houteim lalamē vi hina mē skandaliziveia.“I have told you these things so that you will not fall away.