verb
tolmamō
Greekτολμάω (tolmaō)
Strong’sG5111
I dare, endure, am bold
stem tolm-16 times in the New Testamentin 10 of 27 books11 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
τολμάω, -ῶ
[in LXX: Jb 15:12 (לָקַח), Es 1:18 7:5 (לֵב מָלֵא) Jth 14:13, II Mac 4:2, III Mac 3:21 R, IV Mac 8:18 *;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G5111 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidtol-mah'-o
probably itself from the base of G5056 through the idea of extreme conduct); to venture (objectively or in act; while G2292 is rather subjective or in feeling); by implication, to be courageous
Fromfrom τόλμα (boldness;
King Jamesbe bold, boldly, dare, durst.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| tolmamōτολμῶ | happening now · Ipresent active indicative 1st person singular | dare | 1× |
| tolmatōτολμᾷ | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | dare | 2× |
| tolmanōτολμῶμεν | happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural | dare | 1× |
| tolmateἐτόλμα | was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | dared | 4× |
| tolmaleἐτόλμων | was happening · theyimperfect active indicative 3rd person plural | dared | 1× |
| tolmamiτολμήσω | will happen · Ifuture active indicative 1st person singular | dare | 1× |
| tolmataἐτόλμησέν | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | dare | 2× |
| tolmateiōτολμᾷ | happening now · he/she/itpresent active subjunctive 3rd person singular | dares | 1× |
| tolmarōτολμᾶν | happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive | dare | 1× |
| tolmaraτολμῆσαι | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | daring | 1× |
| tolmaratosτολμήσας | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine | boldly | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 12 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tolmamō1×τολμῶ | tolmame | tolmami1×τολμήσω | tolmama | tolmamē | tolmamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | tolmasō | tolmase | tolmasi | tolmasa | tolmasē | tolmaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tolmatō2×τολμᾷ | tolmate4×ἐτόλμα | tolmati | tolmata2×ἐτόλμησέν | tolmatē | tolmatelē |
| we 1st person plural | tolmanō1×τολμῶμεν | tolmane | tolmani | tolmana | tolmanē | tolmanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | tolmavō | tolmave | tolmavi | tolmava | tolmavē | tolmavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | tolmalō | tolmale1×ἐτόλμων | tolmali | tolmala | tolmalē | tolmalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 1 occurrence
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tolmameiō | tolmameia | tolmameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | tolmaseiō | tolmaseia | tolmaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tolmateiō1×τολμᾷ | tolmateia | tolmateiē |
| we 1st person plural | tolmaneiō | tolmaneia | tolmaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | tolmaveiō | tolmaveia | tolmaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | tolmaleiō | tolmaleia | tolmaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | tolmasōr | tolmasar | tolmasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tolmatōr | tolmatar | tolmatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | tolmavōr | tolmavar | tolmavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | tolmalōr | tolmalar | tolmalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | tolmamoiō | tolmamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | tolmasoiō | tolmasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | tolmatoiō | tolmatoia |
| we 1st person plural | tolmanoiō | tolmanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | tolmavoiō | tolmavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | tolmaloiō | tolmaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 2 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | tolmarō1×τολμᾶν | tolmari | tolmara1×τολμῆσαι | tolmarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | tolmarōtos | tolmaritos | tolmaratos1×τολμήσας | tolmarētos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
tolm is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
16 occurrences, every one of them listed
tolmamō“dare”happening now · Ipresent active indicative 1st person singular1×
2 Corinthians 11:21“dare”kata atimian legamō, hōs hoti nis asthenanē; en he de an tinos tolmateiō, en afrosuna legamō, tolmamō kamis.To my shame I concede that we were too weak for that! Speaking as a fool, however, I can match what anyone else dares to boast about.
tolmatō“dare”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular2×
Romans 5:7“dare”molis gar huper dikaiou tinos apothnēsketi; huper gar tou agathou tacha tinos kai tolmatō apothnēskara;Very rarely will anyone die for a righteous man, though for a good man someone might possibly dare to die.
1 Corinthians 6:1“dare”Tolmatō tinos vu pragmem echarōtos pros ton heteron krinirō epi toiu adikoiu, kai ouchi epi toiu hagioiu?If any of you has a grievance against another, how dare he go to law before the unrighteous instead of before the saints!
tolmanō“dare”happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural1×
2 Corinthians 10:12“dare”Ouk gar tolmanō enkrinara ē sunkrinara heautoin tinoi toiu heautoin sunistanarōtoiu; alla autois en heautoi heautoin metrarōtois kai sunkrinarōtois heautoin heautoi ouk suniēkalō.We do not dare to classify or compare ourselves with some who commend themselves. When they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they show their ignorance.
tolmate“dared”was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular4×
Mark 12:34“dared”kai tos Iēsus horaratos auton hoti nounechōs apokrinita legata auto; Ouk makran asō apo tau basileiau tou theou. kai oudenos ouketi tolmate auton eperōtara.When Jesus saw that the man had answered wisely, He said, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And no one dared to question Him any further.
John 21:12“dared”legatō autoi tos Iēsus; Deute aristavar. oudenos de tolmate toiu mathētoiu exetazara auton; Sis tinos asō? oidarētois hoti tos kurios atō.“Come, have breakfast,” Jesus said to them. None of the disciples dared to ask Him, “Who are You?” They knew it was the Lord.
Acts 5:13“dared”toiu de loipoiu oudenos tolmate kollirō autoi, alla megalunate autoin tos laos,Although the people regarded them highly, no one else dared to join them.
Acts 7:32“dare”Mis tos theos toiu patēroiu su, tos theos Abraam kai Isaak kai Iakōb. entromos de gineratos Mōusos ouk tolmate katanoara.‘I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.’ Moses trembled with fear and did not dare to look.
tolmale“dared”was happening · theyimperfect active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Luke 20:40“dared”ouketi gar tolmale eperōtarō auton oudenem.And they did not dare to question Him any further.
tolmami“dare”will happen · Ifuture active indicative 1st person singular1×
Romans 15:18“dare”ouk gar tolmami tinem lalarō heiu ouk katergazeta Christos dia mu eis hupakoan ethneiu, logo kai erge,I will not presume to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me in leading the Gentiles to obedience by word and deed,
tolmata“dare”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular2×
Matthew 22:46“dare”kai oudenos dunete apokrinira auto logon, oude tolmata tinos apo ekeinau tau hēmerau eperōtara auton ouketi.No one was able to answer a word, and from that day on no one dared to question Him any further.
Jude 1:9“dare”tos de Michaēl tos archangelos, hote to diabolo diakrinerōtos dialegete peri teu Mōusou sōmeu, ouk tolmata krisian epiferara blasfēmiau, alla legata; Epitimatoia si kurios.But even the archangel Michael, when he disputed with the devil over the body of Moses, did not presume to bring a slanderous charge against him, but said, “The Lord rebuke you!”
tolmateiō“dares”happening now · he/she/itpresent active subjunctive 3rd person singular1×
2 Corinthians 11:21“dares”kata atimian legamō, hōs hoti nis asthenanē; en he de an tinos tolmateiō, en afrosuna legamō, tolmamō kamis.To my shame I concede that we were too weak for that! Speaking as a fool, however, I can match what anyone else dares to boast about.
tolmarō“dare”happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive1×
Philippians 1:14“dare”kai toin polloteroin toiu adelfoiu en kurio peitharētoin toi desmoi mu perissoterōs tolmarō afobōs ton logon lalarō.And most of the brothers, confident in the Lord by my chains, now dare more greatly to speak the word without fear.
tolmara“daring”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive1×
2 Corinthians 10:2“daring”demō de tem mē pareiarōtos tharrara ta pepoithēsia ha logizemō tolmara epi tinoin toin logizerōtoin nin hōs kata sarxan peripatarōtoin.I beg you that when I come I may not need to be as bold as I expect toward those who presume that we live according to the flesh.
tolmaratos“boldly”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Mark 15:43“boldly”ercharatos Iōsēf tos apo Harimathaiau euschēmōnos bouleutos, hos kai autos ate prosdecherōtos tan basileian tou theou, tolmaratos eiserchata pros ton Pilaton kai aiteta tem sōmem tou Iēsu.Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent Council member who himself was waiting for the kingdom of God, boldly went to Pilate to ask for the body of Jesus.