verb
dikaiimō
Greekδικαιόω (dikaioō)
Strong’sG1344
I make righteous, defend the cause of, justify
stem dikai-39 times in the New Testamentin 9 of 27 books24 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
δικαιόω, -ῶ
(< δίκαιος), [in LXX chiefly for צדק pi., hi., (1) as Ez 16:51, Je 3:11 (cf. NT usage); (2) as De 25:1; Ex 23:7, Is 50:8;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G1344 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saiddik-ah-yo'-o
to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent
Fromfrom G1342;
King Jamesfree, justify(-ier), be righteous.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| dikaiatōδικαιοῖ | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | justify | 1× |
| dikaiitōδικαιοῦται | happening now · he/she/itpresent passive indicative 3rd person singular | justified | 4× |
| dikaiivōδικαιοῦσθε | happening now · yepresent passive indicative 2nd person plural | justified | 1× |
| dikaiatiδικαιώσει | will happen · he/she/itfuture active indicative 3rd person singular | justify | 1× |
| dikaiisiδικαιωθήσῃ | will happen · youfuture passive indicative 2nd person singular | justified | 1× |
| dikaiitiδικαιωθήσεται | will happen · he/she/itfuture passive indicative 3rd person singular | justified | 2× |
| dikaiiliδικαιωθήσονται | will happen · theyfuture passive indicative 3rd person plural | justified | 1× |
| dikaiataἐδικαίωσεν | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | justified | 2× |
| dikaialaἐδικαίωσαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | acknowledged the justice | 1× |
| dikaiitaἐδικαιώθη | happened · he/she/itaorist passive indicative 3rd person singular | justified | 6× |
| dikaiivaἐδικαιώθητε | happened · yeaorist passive indicative 2nd person plural | justified | 1× |
| dikaiimēδεδικαίωμαι | has happened · Iperfect passive indicative 1st person singular | acquitted | 1× |
| dikaiitēδεδικαίωται | has happened · he/she/itperfect passive indicative 3rd person singular | freed | 1× |
| dikaiiseiaδικαιωθῇς | happened · youaorist passive subjunctive 2nd person singular | justified | 1× |
| dikaiineiaδικαιωθῶμεν | happened · weaorist passive subjunctive 1st person plural | justified | 2× |
| dikaiirōδικαιοῦσθαι | happening now · the “to …” formpresent passive infinitive | justified | 1× |
| dikaiaraδικαιῶσαι | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | justify | 1× |
| dikaiiraδικαιωθῆναι | happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive | freed | 2× |
| dikaiarōtosδικαιῶν | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine | justifies | 1× |
| dikaiarōtonδικαιοῦντα | happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative singular masculine | justifier | 2× |
| dikaiarōtoisδικαιοῦντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | justify | 1× |
| dikaiirōtoisδικαιούμενοι | happening now · subjectpresent passive participle nominative plural masculine | justified | 1× |
| dikaiiratoisδικαιωθέντες | happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative plural masculine | justified | 3× |
| dikaiirētosδεδικαιωμένος | has happened · subjectperfect passive participle nominative singular masculine | justified | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 23 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | dikaiamō | dikaiame | dikaiami | dikaiama | dikaiamē | dikaiamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | dikaiasō | dikaiase | dikaiasi | dikaiasa | dikaiasē | dikaiaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | dikaiatō1×δικαιοῖ | dikaiate | dikaiati1×δικαιώσει | dikaiata2×ἐδικαίωσεν | dikaiatē | dikaiatelē |
| we 1st person plural | dikaianō | dikaiane | dikaiani | dikaiana | dikaianē | dikaianelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | dikaiavō | dikaiave | dikaiavi | dikaiava | dikaiavē | dikaiavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | dikaialō | dikaiale | dikaiali | dikaiala1×ἐδικαίωσαν | dikaialē | dikaialelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | dikaiimō | dikaiime | dikaiimi | dikaiima | dikaiimē1×δεδικαίωμαι | dikaiimelē |
| you 2nd person singular | dikaiisō | dikaiise | dikaiisi1×δικαιωθήσῃ | dikaiisa | dikaiisē | dikaiiselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | dikaiitō4×δικαιοῦται | dikaiite | dikaiiti2×δικαιωθήσεται | dikaiita6×ἐδικαιώθη | dikaiitē1×δεδικαίωται | dikaiitelē |
| we 1st person plural | dikaiinō | dikaiine | dikaiini | dikaiina | dikaiinē | dikaiinelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | dikaiivō1×δικαιοῦσθε | dikaiive | dikaiivi | dikaiiva1×ἐδικαιώθητε | dikaiivē | dikaiivelē |
| they 3rd person plural | dikaiilō | dikaiile | dikaiili1×δικαιωθήσονται | dikaiila | dikaiilē | dikaiilelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 3 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | dikaiameiō | dikaiameia | dikaiameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | dikaiaseiō | dikaiaseia | dikaiaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | dikaiateiō | dikaiateia | dikaiateiē |
| we 1st person plural | dikaianeiō | dikaianeia | dikaianeiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | dikaiaveiō | dikaiaveia | dikaiaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | dikaialeiō | dikaialeia | dikaialeiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | dikaiimeiō | dikaiimeia | dikaiimeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | dikaiiseiō | dikaiiseia1×δικαιωθῇς | dikaiiseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | dikaiiteiō | dikaiiteia | dikaiiteiē |
| we 1st person plural | dikaiineiō | dikaiineia2×δικαιωθῶμεν | dikaiineiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | dikaiiveiō | dikaiiveia | dikaiiveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | dikaiileiō | dikaiileia | dikaiileiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | dikaiasōr | dikaiasar | dikaiasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | dikaiatōr | dikaiatar | dikaiatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | dikaiavōr | dikaiavar | dikaiavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | dikaialōr | dikaialar | dikaialēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | dikaiisōr | dikaiisar | dikaiisēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | dikaiitōr | dikaiitar | dikaiitēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | dikaiivōr | dikaiivar | dikaiivēr |
| they 3rd person plural | dikaiilōr | dikaiilar | dikaiilēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | dikaiamoiō | dikaiamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | dikaiasoiō | dikaiasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | dikaiatoiō | dikaiatoia |
| we 1st person plural | dikaianoiō | dikaianoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | dikaiavoiō | dikaiavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | dikaialoiō | dikaialoia |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | dikaiimoiō | dikaiimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | dikaiisoiō | dikaiisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | dikaiitoiō | dikaiitoia |
| we 1st person plural | dikaiinoiō | dikaiinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | dikaiivoiō | dikaiivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | dikaiiloiō | dikaiiloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 4 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | dikaiarō | dikaiari | dikaiara1×δικαιῶσαι | dikaiarē |
| acted on passive voice | dikaiirō1×δικαιοῦσθαι | dikaiiri | dikaiira2×δικαιωθῆναι | dikaiirē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 9 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | dikaiarōtos4×δικαιῶν | dikaiaritos | dikaiaratos | dikaiarētos |
| acted on passive voice | dikaiirōtos1× | dikaiiritos | dikaiiratos3× | dikaiirētos1×δεδικαιωμένος |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
dikai is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Where it appears
39 occurrences, every one of them listed
dikaiatō“justify”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Galatians 3:8“justify”prooraratas de tas grafas hoti ek pistiau dikaiatō teim ethneim tos theos proeuangelizeta to Abraam hoti Eneulogili en si panteim teim ethneim.The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and foretold the gospel to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.”
dikaiitō“justified”happening now · he/she/itpresent passive indicative 3rd person singular4×
Acts 13:39“justified”en houto pantos tos pisteuarōtos dikaiitō.Through Him everyone who believes is justified from everything from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses.
Galatians 2:16“justified”oidarētois de hoti ouk dikaiitō anthrōpos ek ergeiu nomou ean mē dia pistiau Iēsu Christou, kai nis eis Christon Iēsun pisteuana, hina dikaiineia ek pistiau Christou kai ouk ek ergeiu nomou, hoti ek ergeiu nomou ouk dikaiiti pantas sarxas.know that a man is not justified by works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law no one will be justified.
Galatians 3:11“justified”hoti de en nomo oudenos dikaiitō para to theo dēlem, hoti Tos dikaios ek pistiau zōeti,Now it is clear that no one is justified before God by the law, because, “The righteous will live by faith.”
James 2:24“justified”horavō hoti ek ergeiu dikaiitō anthrōpos kai ouk ek pistiau monem.As you can see, a man is justified by his deeds and not by faith alone.
dikaiivō“justified”happening now · yepresent passive indicative 2nd person plural1×
Galatians 5:4“justified”katargiva apo Christou hotinois en nomo dikaiivō, tau chariau ekpiptava.You who are trying to be justified by the law have been severed from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.
dikaiati“justify”will happen · he/she/itfuture active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Romans 3:30“justify”eiper henos tos theos, hos dikaiati peritoman ek pistiau kai akrobustian dia tau pistiau.since there is only one God, who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through that same faith.
dikaiisi“justified”will happen · youfuture passive indicative 2nd person singular1×
Matthew 12:37“justified”ek gar toiu logoiu su dikaiisi, kai ek toiu logoiu su katadikazisi.For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.”
dikaiiti“justified”will happen · he/she/itfuture passive indicative 3rd person singular2×
Romans 3:20“justified”dioti ek ergeiu nomou ouk dikaiiti pantas sarxas enōpion autou, dia gar nomou epignōsias hamartau.Therefore no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law. For the law merely brings awareness of sin.
Galatians 2:16“justified”oidarētois de hoti ouk dikaiitō anthrōpos ek ergeiu nomou ean mē dia pistiau Iēsu Christou, kai nis eis Christon Iēsun pisteuana, hina dikaiineia ek pistiau Christou kai ouk ek ergeiu nomou, hoti ek ergeiu nomou ouk dikaiiti pantas sarxas.know that a man is not justified by works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law no one will be justified.
dikaiili“justified”will happen · theyfuture passive indicative 3rd person plural1×
Romans 2:13“justified”ouk gar tois akroatois nomou dikaiois para to theo, alla tois poiētois nomou dikaiili.For it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but it is the doers of the law who will be declared righteous.
dikaiata“justified”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular2×
Romans 8:30“justified”hoin de proorizata, houtoin kai kalata; kai hoin kalata, houtoin kai dikaiata; hoin de dikaiata, houtoin kai doxazata.And those He predestined, He also called; those He called, He also justified; those He justified, He also glorified.
Romans 8:30“justified”hoin de proorizata, houtoin kai kalata; kai hoin kalata, houtoin kai dikaiata; hoin de dikaiata, houtoin kai doxazata.And those He predestined, He also called; those He called, He also justified; those He justified, He also glorified.
dikaiala“acknowledged the justice”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Luke 7:29“acknowledged the justice”kai pantos tos laos akouaratos kai tois telōnois dikaiala ton theon, baptiziratois tem baptismem Iōannou;All the people who heard this, even the tax collectors, acknowledged God’s justice. For they had received the baptism of John.
dikaiita“justified”happened · he/she/itaorist passive indicative 3rd person singular6×
Matthew 11:19“vindicated”erchata tos huios tou anthrōpou esthiarōtos kai pinarōtos, kai legalō; Idou anthrōpos fagos kai oinopotos, telōnoiu filos kai hamartōloiu. kai dikaiita tas sofias apo teiu ergeiu autau.The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Look at this glutton and drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ But wisdom is vindicated by her actions.”
Luke 7:35“vindicated”kai dikaiita tas sofias apo panteiu teiu tekneiu autau.But wisdom is vindicated by all her children.”
Romans 4:2“justified”ei gar Abraam ek ergeiu dikaiita, echatō kauchēmem; alla ouk pros theon,If Abraham was indeed justified by works, he had something to boast about, but not before God.
1 Timothy 3:16“vindicated”kai homologoumenōs megem atō tem tau eusebeiau mustēriem; Hos fanerita en sarxa, dikaiita en pneume, horita angeloi, kērussita en ethnei, pisteuita en kosmo, analambita en doxa.By common confession, the mystery of godliness is great: He appeared in the flesh, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was proclaimed among the nations, was believed in throughout the world, was taken up in glory.
James 2:21“justified”Abraam tos patēros nu ouk ek ergeiu dikaiita, anaferaratos Isaak ton huion autou epi tem thusiastēriem?Was not our father Abraham justified by what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar?
James 2:25“justified”homoiōs de kai Raab tas pornas ouk ek ergeiu dikaiita, hupodecheratas toin angeloin kai hetera hoda ekballaratas?In the same way, was not even Rahab the prostitute justified by her actions when she welcomed the spies and sent them off on another route?
dikaiiva“justified”happened · yeaorist passive indicative 2nd person plural1×
1 Corinthians 6:11“justified”kai houteim tinois ave; alla apoloueva, alla hagiaziva, alla dikaiiva en te onome tou kuriou Iēsu kai en te pneume tou theou nu.And that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God.
dikaiimē“acquitted”has happened · Iperfect passive indicative 1st person singular1×
1 Corinthians 4:4“acquitted”oudenem gar miauto sunoidamē, alla ouk en houte dikaiimē, tos de anakrinarōtos min kurios atō.My conscience is clear, but that does not vindicate me. It is the Lord who judges me.
dikaiitē“freed”has happened · he/she/itperfect passive indicative 3rd person singular1×
Romans 6:7“freed”tos gar apothnēskaratos dikaiitē apo tau hamartau.For anyone who has died has been freed from sin.
dikaiiseia“justified”happened · youaorist passive subjunctive 2nd person singular1×
Romans 3:4“justified”mē ginetoia; ginetōr de tos theos alēthos, pantos de anthrōpos pseustos, kathōs grafitē; Hopōs an dikaiiseia en toi logoi su kai nikasi en te krinirō sin.Certainly not! Let God be true and every man a liar. As it is written: “So that You may be proved right when You speak and victorious when You judge.”
dikaiineia“justified”happened · weaorist passive subjunctive 1st person plural2×
Galatians 2:16“justified”oidarētois de hoti ouk dikaiitō anthrōpos ek ergeiu nomou ean mē dia pistiau Iēsu Christou, kai nis eis Christon Iēsun pisteuana, hina dikaiineia ek pistiau Christou kai ouk ek ergeiu nomou, hoti ek ergeiu nomou ouk dikaiiti pantas sarxas.know that a man is not justified by works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law no one will be justified.
Galatians 3:24“justified”hōste tos nomos paidagōgos nu ginatē eis Christon, hina ek pistiau dikaiineia;So the law became our guardian to lead us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
dikaiirō“justified”happening now · the “to …” formpresent passive infinitive1×
Romans 3:28“justified”logizenō gar dikaiirō pistia anthrōpon chōris ergeiu nomou.For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the law.
dikaiara“justify”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive1×
Luke 10:29“justify”Tos de thelarōtos dikaiara heauton legata pros ton Iēsun; Kai tinos atō mu plēsion?But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?”
dikaiira“freed”happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive2×
Acts 13:38“freed”gnōstem oun atōr vi, anēroir adelfoir, hoti dia houtou vi afesias hamartaiu katangellitō, kai apo panteiu heiu ouk duniva en nomo Mōusou dikaiiraTherefore let it be known to you, brothers, that through Jesus the forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you.
Galatians 2:17“justified”ei de zētarōtois dikaiira en Christo heuriskina kai autois hamartōlois, ara Christos hamartau diakonos? mē ginetoia;But if, while we seek to be justified in Christ, we ourselves are found to be sinners, does that make Christ a minister of sin? Certainly not!
dikaiarōtos“justifies”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Romans 8:33“justifies”tinos enkalati kata eklektoiu theou? theos tos dikaiarōtos;Who will bring any charge against God’s elect? It is God who justifies.
dikaiarōton“justifier”happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative singular masculine2×
Romans 3:26“justifier”en ta anocha tou theou, pros tan endeixian tau dikaiosunau autou en to nun kairo, eis tem arō auton dikaion kai dikaiarōton ton ek pistiau Iēsu.He did this to demonstrate His righteousness at the present time, so as to be just and to justify the one who has faith in Jesus.
Romans 4:5“justifies”to de mē ergazerōto, pisteuarōto de epi ton dikaiarōton ton asebon, logizitō tas pistias autou eis dikaiosunan,However, to the one who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness.
dikaiarōtois“justify”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Luke 16:15“justify”kai legata autoi; Vis avō tois dikaiarōtois heautoin enōpion toiu anthrōpoiu, tos de theos gnōskatō tain kardiain vu; hoti tem en anthrōpoi hupsēlem bdelugmem enōpion tou theou.So He said to them, “You are the ones who justify yourselves before men, but God knows your hearts. For what is prized among men is detestable before God.
dikaiirōtois“justified”happening now · subjectpresent passive participle nominative plural masculine1×
Romans 3:24“justified”dikaiirōtois dōreōs ta autou charia dia tau apolutrōsiau tau en Christo Iēso;and are justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.
dikaiiratois“justified”happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative plural masculine3×
Romans 5:1“justified”Dikaiiratois oun ek pistiau eirēnan echanō pros ton theon dia tou kuriou nu Iēsu Christou,Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,
Romans 5:9“justified”polle oun mallon dikaiiratois nun en te haime autou sōzini dia autou apo tau orgau.Therefore, since we have now been justified by His blood, how much more shall we be saved from wrath through Him!
Titus 3:7“justified”hina dikaiiratois ta ekeinou charia klēronomois ginineia kata elpian zōau aiōniau.so that, having been justified by His grace, we would become heirs with the hope of eternal life.
dikaiirētos“justified”has happened · subjectperfect passive participle nominative singular masculine1×
Luke 18:14“justified”legamō vi, katabainata houtos dikaiirētos eis ton oikon autou para ekeinon; hoti pantos tos hupsarōtos heauton tapeiniti, tos de tapeinarōtos heauton hupsiti.I tell you, this man, rather than the Pharisee, went home justified. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted.”