verb
eperchamō
Strong’sG1904
I approach, overtake, attack
stem eperch-9 times in the New Testamentin 4 of 27 books8 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
ἐπ-έρχομαι,
[in LXX for בּוֹא, עָבַר, etc.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G1904 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
imperfect Refs 5th c.BC+ (unless from ἐπάρχομαι: Attic dialect imperfect is ἐπῇα (but see at {ἔρχομαι}) and future ἔπειμι): aorist 2 ἐπῆλθον, Epic dialect -ήλῠθον: perfect -ελήλυθα:
I come upon:
I.1 of persons, approach, with dative, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; especially come suddenly upon, Refs 8th c.BC+ codices (nisi to be read ἐσ-); come to for advice, μάντεις, μοῦσαν, Refs 8th c.BC+.
I.1.b frequently in hostile sense, go or come against, attack, absolutely, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὴν τῶν πέλας ἐ. invade it, Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, visit, reprove, Refs 5th c.BC+, invade, Refs 2nd c.BC+
I.1.c come forward to speak, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς Αακεδαιμονίοις Refs
I.1.d in Law, proceed against, Refs 3rd c.BC+ impugn, Refs 1st c.BC+: also in aorist 1 Refs 2nd c.BC+ is more common in the present in the Hellenistic period.)
I.2 of events, conditions, etc., come upon, especially come suddenly upon, with accusative, Refs 8th c.BC+: with dative, Refs 8th c.BC+; βροτοῖσιν.. Refs 6th c.BC+, etc.
I.3 with dative person, come into one's head, occur to one, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ τι ἂν ἐπέλθῃ Latin quicquid in buccam venerit, Refs 5th c.BC+ with infinitive, Refs 6th c.BC+.
I.4 come in, of revenues, etc., ἐπερχόμενοι τόκοι, ἐπιβολαί, Refs 2nd c.AD+
II of Time, come on, ἐπήλυθον ὧραι the season came round again, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; also, come on, be at hand, Refs 6th c.BC+; τὸ παρὸν τό τ᾽ ἐπερχόμενον πῆμα and that which is coming, the future, Refs 4th c.BC+
II.2 come in after or over another, of a second wife, Refs 5th c.BC+
III go over or on a space, traverse, mostly of persons, with accusative, Refs 8th c.BC+; go the round of, visit, Refs 5th c.BC+ (Lyric poetry); πόλιν, of a god, Refs 1st c.AD+; of an officer, Refs 5th c.BC+; walk on ice, Refs overflows it, Refs 5th c.BC+
III.2 go through or over, discuss, recount, with accusative, Refs 8th c.BC+; review, Refs 4th c.BC+, +others; followed by an interrogative, Refs; πῶς δεῖ.. ἐπέλθωμεν συντόμως Refs
III.3 accomplish, Refs 5th c.BC+.
IV come up to, imitate, Refs 5th c.BC+.
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| eperchetiἐπελεύσεται | will happen · he/she/itfuture middle indicative 3rd person singular | come | 1× |
| eperchalaἘπῆλθαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | came | 1× |
| eperchateiaἐπέλθῃ | happened · he/she/itaorist active subjunctive 3rd person singular | come | 2× |
| eperchorōnteiuἐπερχομένων | happening now · of, belonging topresent middle or passive participle genitive plural neuter | coming | 1× |
| eperchorōntoiἐπερχομένοις | happening now · to, forpresent middle or passive participle dative plural masculine | coming | 1× |
| eperchorōntaiἐπερχομέναις | happening now · to, forpresent middle or passive participle dative plural feminine | coming upon | 1× |
| epercharantosἐπελθὼν | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine | attacks | 1× |
| epercharanteuἐπελθόντος | happened · of, belonging toaorist active participle genitive singular neuter | come | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 2 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchamō | eperchame | eperchami | eperchama | eperchamē | eperchamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | eperchasō | eperchase | eperchasi | eperchasa | eperchasē | eperchaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchatō | eperchate | eperchati | eperchata | eperchatē | eperchatelē |
| we 1st person plural | eperchanō | eperchane | eperchani | eperchana | eperchanē | eperchanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchavō | eperchave | eperchavi | eperchava | eperchavē | eperchavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | eperchalō | eperchale | eperchali | eperchala1×Ἐπῆλθαν | eperchalē | eperchalelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchomō | eperchome | eperchomē | eperchomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | eperchosō | eperchose | eperchosē | eperchoselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchotō | eperchote | eperchotē | eperchotelē |
| we 1st person plural | eperchonō | eperchone | eperchonē | eperchonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchovō | eperchove | eperchovē | eperchovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | epercholō | eperchole | epercholē | epercholelē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchemi | eperchema |
| you 2nd person singular | eperchesi | eperchesa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epercheti1×ἐπελεύσεται | epercheta |
| we 1st person plural | epercheni | eperchena |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchevi | epercheva |
| they 3rd person plural | epercheli | eperchela |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 2 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchameiō | eperchameia | eperchameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | eperchaseiō | eperchaseia | eperchaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchateiō | eperchateia2×ἐπέλθῃ | eperchateiē |
| we 1st person plural | eperchaneiō | eperchaneia | eperchaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchaveiō | eperchaveia | eperchaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | eperchaleiō | eperchaleia | eperchaleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchomeiō | eperchomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | eperchoseiō | eperchoseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchoteiō | eperchoteiē |
| we 1st person plural | eperchoneiō | eperchoneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchoveiō | eperchoveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | epercholeiō | epercholeiē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchemeia |
| you 2nd person singular | epercheseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epercheteia |
| we 1st person plural | epercheneia |
| ye 2nd person plural | epercheveia |
| they 3rd person plural | epercheleia |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | eperchasōr | eperchasar | eperchasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchatōr | eperchatar | eperchatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchavōr | eperchavar | eperchavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | eperchalōr | eperchalar | eperchalēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | eperchosōr | eperchosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchotōr | eperchotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchovōr | eperchovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | epercholōr | epercholēr |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | eperchesar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchetar |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchevar |
| they 3rd person plural | eperchelar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchamoiō | eperchamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | eperchasoiō | eperchasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchatoiō | eperchatoia |
| we 1st person plural | eperchanoiō | eperchanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchavoiō | eperchavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | eperchaloiō | eperchaloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | eperchosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | eperchonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | epercholoiō |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | eperchemoia |
| you 2nd person singular | eperchesoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | eperchetoia |
| we 1st person plural | eperchenoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | eperchevoia |
| they 3rd person plural | epercheloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | epercharō | eperchari | eperchara | epercharē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | eperchorō | eperchorē | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | epercheri | eperchera |
Used as an adjective — participle, 5 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | epercharōntos | epercharintos | epercharantos2×ἐπελθὼν | epercharēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | eperchorōntos3× | eperchorēntos | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | epercherintos | epercherantos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
eperch is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
9 occurrences, every one of them listed
epercheti“come”will happen · he/she/itfuture middle indicative 3rd person singular1×
Luke 1:35… tos angelos legata auta; Pneumem hagiem epercheti epi sin, kai dunamias Hupsistou episkiazati …… angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of …
eperchala“came”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Acts 14:19“came”Eperchala de apo Antiocheiau kai Ikonieu Ioudaiois, …Then some Jews arrived from Antioch and Iconium and won …
eperchateia“come”happened · he/she/itaorist active subjunctive 3rd person singular2×
Acts 8:24“come”… mu pros ton kurion hopōs mēdenem eperchateia epi min heiu legavē.… answered, “Pray to the Lord for me, so that nothing you have said may happen to me.”
Acts 13:40blepavōr oun mē eperchateia tem legorēntem en toi profētoi;… spoken by the prophets does not happen to you:
eperchorōnteiu“coming”happening now · of, belonging topresent middle or passive participle genitive plural neuter1×
Luke 21:26… anthrōpoiu apo fobou kai prosdokiau teiu eperchorōnteiu ta oikoumena, tais gar dunamiais toiu …… fear and anxiety over what is coming upon the earth, for the powers …
eperchorōntoi“coming”happening now · to, forpresent middle or passive participle dative plural masculine1×
Ephesians 2:7hina endeiketeia en toi aiōnoi toi eperchorōntoi tem huperballarōntem ploutem tau charitau autou …in order that in the coming ages He might display the surpassing …
eperchorōntai“coming upon”happening now · to, forpresent middle or passive participle dative plural feminine1×
James 5:1“coming upon”… ololuzarōntois epi tai talaipōriai vu tai eperchorōntai.… wail over the misery to come upon you.
epercharantos“attacks”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Luke 11:22epan de ischuroteros autou epercharantos nikateia auton, tan panoplian autou airatō …But when someone stronger attacks and overpowers him, he takes away …
epercharanteu“come”happened · of, belonging toaorist active participle genitive singular neuter1×
Acts 1:8“come”alla labevi dunamian epercharanteu teu hagieu pneumeu epi vin, kai …But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will …