verb
katheudamō
Greekκαθεύδω (katheudō)
Strong’sG2518
I sleep, am sleeping
stem katheud-22 times in the New Testamentin 5 of 27 books13 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
καθεύδω,
[in LXX chiefly for שׁכב, Ge 28:13, Ps 87 (88):5, al.; also for יָשֵׁן, Ca 5:2, Da LXX TH 12:2, al.; for ישׁב, I Ki 19:9;]
SYN.: κοιμάω.
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G2518 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidkath-yoo'-do
to lie down to rest, i.e. (by implication) to fall asleep (literally or figuratively)
Fromfrom G2596 and εὕδω (to sleep);
King James(be a-)sleep.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| katheudasōκαθεύδεις | happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular | asleep | 1× |
| katheudatōκαθεύδει | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | sleeping | 3× |
| katheudavōΚαθεύδετε | happening now · yepresent active indicative 2nd person plural | sleeping | 3× |
| katheudalōκαθεύδουσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | sleep | 1× |
| katheudateἐκάθευδεν | was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | asleep | 1× |
| katheudaleἐκάθευδον | was happening · theyimperfect active indicative 3rd person plural | fell asleep | 1× |
| katheudateiōκαθεύδῃ | happening now · he/she/itpresent active subjunctive 3rd person singular | sleeps | 1× |
| katheudaneiōκαθεύδωμεν | happening now · wepresent active subjunctive 1st person plural | sleep | 2× |
| katheudarōκαθεύδειν | happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive | sleeping | 1× |
| katheudarōtosκαθεύδων | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine | asleep | 1× |
| katheudarōtorκαθεύδων | happening now · direct addresspresent active participle vocative singular masculine | sleeper | 1× |
| katheudarōtoisκαθεύδοντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | sleep | 1× |
| katheudarōtoinκαθεύδοντας | happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative plural masculine | sleeping | 5× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 10 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | katheudamō | katheudame | katheudami | katheudama | katheudamē | katheudamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | katheudasō1×καθεύδεις | katheudase | katheudasi | katheudasa | katheudasē | katheudaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | katheudatō3×καθεύδει | katheudate1×ἐκάθευδεν | katheudati | katheudata | katheudatē | katheudatelē |
| we 1st person plural | katheudanō | katheudane | katheudani | katheudana | katheudanē | katheudanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | katheudavō3×Καθεύδετε | katheudave | katheudavi | katheudava | katheudavē | katheudavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | katheudalō1×καθεύδουσιν | katheudale1×ἐκάθευδον | katheudali | katheudala | katheudalē | katheudalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 3 occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | katheudameiō | katheudameia | katheudameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | katheudaseiō | katheudaseia | katheudaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | katheudateiō1×καθεύδῃ | katheudateia | katheudateiē |
| we 1st person plural | katheudaneiō2×καθεύδωμεν | katheudaneia | katheudaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | katheudaveiō | katheudaveia | katheudaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | katheudaleiō | katheudaleia | katheudaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | katheudasōr | katheudasar | katheudasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | katheudatōr | katheudatar | katheudatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | katheudavōr | katheudavar | katheudavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | katheudalōr | katheudalar | katheudalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | katheudamoiō | katheudamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | katheudasoiō | katheudasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | katheudatoiō | katheudatoia |
| we 1st person plural | katheudanoiō | katheudanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | katheudavoiō | katheudavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | katheudaloiō | katheudaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | katheudarō1×καθεύδειν | katheudari | katheudara | katheudarē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 8 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | katheudarōtos8×καθεύδων | katheudaritos | katheudaratos | katheudarētos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
katheud is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
22 occurrences, every one of them listed
katheudasō“asleep”happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular1×
Mark 14:37“asleep”kai erchetō kai heuriskatō autoin katheudarōtoin, kai legatō to Petro; Simōnor, katheudasō? ouk ischuasa henan hōran grēgorara?Then Jesus returned and found them sleeping. “Simon, are you asleep?” He asked. “Were you not able to keep watch for one hour?
katheudatō“sleeping”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular3×
Matthew 9:24“sleeping”legate; Anachōravōr, ouk gar apothnēskata tem korasiem alla katheudatō; kai katagelale autou.“Go away,” He told them. “The girl is not dead, but asleep.” And they laughed at Him.
Mark 5:39“sleeping”kai eisercharatos legatō autoi; Tinem thorubivō kai klaiavō? tem paidiem ouk apothnēskata alla katheudatō.He went inside and asked, “Why all this commotion and weeping? The child is not dead, but asleep.”
Luke 8:52“sleeping”klaiale de pantois kai koptele autan. tos de legata; Mē klaiavōr, ouk gar apothnēskata alla katheudatō.Meanwhile, everyone was weeping and mourning for her. But Jesus said, “Stop weeping; she is not dead but asleep.”
katheudavō“sleeping”happening now · yepresent active indicative 2nd person plural3×
Matthew 26:45“sleeping”tote erchetō pros toin mathētoin kai legatō autoi; Katheudavō tem loipem kai anapauevō; idou engizatē tas hōras kai tos huios tou anthrōpou paradōitō eis cheirain hamartōloiu.Then He returned to the disciples and said, “Are you still sleeping and resting? Look, the hour is near, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.
Mark 14:41“sleeping”kai erchetō tem tritem kai legatō autoi; Katheudavō tem loipem kai anapauevō; apechatō; erchata tas hōras, idou paradōitō tos huios tou anthrōpou eis tain cheirain toiu hamartōloiu.When Jesus returned the third time, He said, “Are you still sleeping and resting? That is enough! The hour has come. Look, the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.
Luke 22:46“sleeping”kai legata autoi; Tinem katheudavō? anistanaratois proseuchevōr, hina mē eiserchaveia eis peirasmon.“Why are you sleeping?” He asked. “Get up and pray so that you will not enter into temptation.”
katheudalō“sleep”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural1×
1 Thessalonians 5:7“sleep”tois gar katheudarōtois nuxau katheudalō, kai tois methuskirōtois nuxau methualō;For those who sleep, sleep at night, and those who get drunk, get drunk at night.
katheudate“asleep”was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Matthew 8:24“asleep”kai idou seismos megos gineta en ta thalassa, hōste tem ploiem kaluptirō hupo teiu kumeiu, autos de katheudate.Suddenly a violent storm came up on the sea, so that the boat was engulfed by the waves. But Jesus was sleeping.
katheudale“fell asleep”was happening · theyimperfect active indicative 3rd person plural1×
Matthew 25:5“fell asleep”chronizarōtou de tou numfiou nustazala pantais kai katheudale.When the bridegroom was delayed, they all became drowsy and fell asleep.
katheudateiō“sleeps”happening now · he/she/itpresent active subjunctive 3rd person singular1×
Mark 4:27“sleeps”kai katheudateiō kai egeiriteiō nuxan kai hēmeran, kai tos sporos blastanateiō kai mēkuneteiō hōs ouk oidatē autos.Night and day he sleeps and wakes, and the seed sprouts and grows, though he knows not how.
katheudaneiō“sleep”happening now · wepresent active subjunctive 1st person plural2×
1 Thessalonians 5:6“sleep”ara oun mē katheudaneiō hōs tois loipois, alla grēgoraneiō kai nēfaneiō.So then, let us not sleep as the others do, but let us remain awake and sober.
1 Thessalonians 5:10“asleep”tou apothnēskaratou peri nu hina eite grēgoraneiō eite katheudaneiō hama sun auto zōaneia.He died for us so that, whether we are awake or asleep, we may live together with Him.
katheudarō“sleeping”happening now · the “to …” formpresent active infinitive1×
Matthew 13:25“sleeping”en de te katheudarō toin anthrōpoin erchata autou tos echthros kai epispeirata zizanieim ana mesem tou sitou kai aperchata.But while everyone was asleep, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and slipped away.
katheudarōtos“asleep”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Mark 4:38“asleep”kai autos ate en ta prumna epi tem proskefalaiem katheudarōtos; kai egeiralō auton kai legalō auto; Didaskalor, ouk meleiatō si hoti apolluenō?But Jesus was in the stern, sleeping on the cushion. So they woke Him and said, “Teacher, don’t You care that we are perishing?”
katheudarōtor“sleeper”happening now · direct addresspresent active participle vocative singular masculine1×
Ephesians 5:14“sleeper”pantem gar tem fanerirōtem fōtem atō. dio legatō; Egeirasōr, tor katheudarōtor, kai anistanasar ek toiu nekroiu, kai epifauskati si tos Christos.So it is said: “Wake up, O sleeper, rise up from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.”
katheudarōtois“sleep”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine1×
1 Thessalonians 5:7“sleep”tois gar katheudarōtois nuxau katheudalō, kai tois methuskirōtois nuxau methualō;For those who sleep, sleep at night, and those who get drunk, get drunk at night.
katheudarōtoin“sleeping”happening now · objectpresent active participle accusative plural masculine5×
Matthew 26:40“sleeping”kai erchetō pros toin mathētoin kai heuriskatō autoin katheudarōtoin, kai legatō to Petro; Houtōs ouk ischuava henan hōran grēgorara meta mu?Then Jesus returned to the disciples and found them sleeping. “Were you not able to keep watch with Me for one hour?” He asked Peter.
Matthew 26:43“sleeping”kai ercharatos palin heuriskata autoin katheudarōtoin, ale gar autoiu tois ofthalmois barirētois.And again Jesus returned and found them sleeping, for their eyes were heavy.
Mark 13:36“sleeping”mē ercharatos exaifnōs heuriskateia vin katheudarōtoin;Otherwise, he may arrive without notice and find you sleeping.
Mark 14:37“sleeping”kai erchetō kai heuriskatō autoin katheudarōtoin, kai legatō to Petro; Simōnor, katheudasō? ouk ischuasa henan hōran grēgorara?Then Jesus returned and found them sleeping. “Simon, are you asleep?” He asked. “Were you not able to keep watch for one hour?
Mark 14:40“sleeping”kai palin ercharatos heuriskata autoin katheudarōtoin, ale gar autoiu tois ofthalmois katabarunirōtois, kai ouk oidalelē tinem apokrinileia auto.And again Jesus returned and found them sleeping, for their eyes were heavy. And they did not know what to answer Him.