ana

ἀνά

prep. (the rarest in NT; M, Pr., 98; MM, VGT, s.v.), prop.,

G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.

ἀνά [ᾰνᾰ],
Aeolic dialect, Thess., Refs 4th c.AD+ ὀν, preposition governing genitive, dative, and accusative By apocope ἀνά becomes ἄν before dentals, as ἂν τὸν ὀδελό; ἄγ before gutturals, as ἂγ γύαλ; ἄμ before labials, as ἂμ βωμοῖσι, ἂμ πέτραις, etc.; ἀμπεπλεγμέναςRefs 4th c.AD+
A WITH GEN., three times in Refs 8th c.BC+ go on board ship, Refs; ἂν τοῦ τοίχου, τᾶς ὁδοῦ, τοῦ ῥοειδίου, Refs
B WITH DAT., on, upon, without any notion of motion, Epic dialect, Lyric poetry, and Trag. (only Lyric poetry), ἀνὰ σκήπτρῳ upon the sceptre, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀνὰ ὤμῳ upon the shoulder, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀν ἵπποις, i. e. in a chariot, Refs 5th c.BC+
C WITH ACCURefs 5th c.BC+, the common usage, implying motion upwards:
C.I of Place, up, from bottom to top, up along, κίον᾽ ἀν᾽ ὑψηλὴν ἐρύσαιRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀνὰ μέλαθρον up to,Refs 8th c.BC+; ἂν ῥόον up-stream, Refs; κρῆς ἂν τὸν ὀδελὸν ἐμπεπαρμένονRefs 5th c.BC+; simply, along, ἂν τὼς ὄρωςRefs
C.I.2 up and down, throughout, ἀνὰ δῶμαRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀνὰ στρατόν, ἄστυ, ὅμιλον,Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Μηδικήν, ἀνὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, Refs 7th c.BC+; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινόν in the darkness, Refs 5th c.BC+
C.I.3 metaphorically, ἀνὰ θυμὸν φρονέειν, ἀνὰ στόμα ἔχειν, to have continually in the mind, in the mouth, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀν᾽ Αἰγυπτίους ἄνδρας among them, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀνὰ πρώτους εἶναι to be among the first, Refs 5th c.BC+
C.II of Time, throughout, ἀνὰ νύκτα all night through, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀνὰ χρόνον in course of time, Refs; ἀνὰ μέσσαν ἀκτῖνα (i. e. in the south) Refs 5th c.BC+
C.II.2 distributively, ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν day by day, Refs 5th c.BC+ in order of age, Refs
C.III distributively with Numerals, κρέα εἴκοσιν ἀν᾽ ἡμιωβολιαῖα 20 pieces of meat at half an obol each, Refs 5th c.BC+ for the obol, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγας τῆς ἡμέρας [they marched] at the rate of Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔστησαν ἀνὰ ἑκατόν μάλιστα ὥσπερ χοροί they stood in bodies of about Refseach. Refs; κλισίας ἀνὰ πεντήκοντα companies at the rate of Refsin each, NT; ἔλαβον ἀνὰ δηνάριον a denarius apiece, NT; in doctor's prescriptions, ἀνὰ ὀβολὼ βRefs 2nd c.AD+amounting to Refs 4th c.BC+; multiplied by, Refs
C.IV Phrases: ἀνὰ κράτος up to the full strength, i. e. vigorously, ἀνὰ κράτος φεύγειν, ἀπομάχεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον and ἀνὰ λόγον proportionately, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνὰ μέσον in the midst, Refs 4th c.BC+by turns, Refs 4th c.BC+
D WITH NOM. of Numerals, etc., distributively, NT+2nd c.AD+
E WITHOUT CASE as adverb, thereupon, Refs 8th c.BC+ and other Poets:— and with the notion of spreading all over a space, throughout, all over, μέλανες δ᾽ ἀνὰ βότρυες ἦσαν all over there were clusters, Refs 8th c.BC+ —but ἀνά often looks like an adverb in Refs 8th c.BC+, where really it is only parted from its Verb by tmesis, ἀνὰ δ᾽ ἔσχετ; ἀνὰ δ᾽ ὦρτο (for ἀνῶρτο δέ); ἀνὰ τεύχε᾽ ἀείρας (for τεύχεα ἀναείρας), etc.
F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
F.1 as in C. 1, up to, upwards, up, opposed to κατά, as ἀνα-βαίνω, -βλέπω, ἀν-αιρέω, -ίστημι: poetry sometimes doubled, ἀν᾽ ὀρσοθύρην ἀναβαίνεινRefs 8th c.BC+
F.2 hence flows the sense of increase or strengthening, as in ἀνακρίν; though it cannot always be translated, as in Homer's ἀνείρομαι:—in this case opposed to ὑπό.
F.3 from the notion throughout (E), comes that of repetition and improvement, as in ἀνα-βλαστάνω, -βιόω, -γεννάω.
F.4 the notion of back, backwards, in ἀναχωρέω, ἀνανεύω, etc., seems to come from such phrases as ἀνὰ ῥόον up, i. e. against, the stream.
G ἄνα, written with anastrophe as adverb, up! arise! ἀλλ᾽ ἄναRefs 8th c.BC+:—in this sense the ultima is never elided;Refs 8th c.BC+
G.2 apocopation ἄν after ὤρνυτο, ὦρτο, and up stood.. arose, Refs 8th c.BC+
G.3 when used as preposition ἀνά never suffers anastrophe.

H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.