preposition
peran
Strong’sG4008
over, beyond
stem peran-23 times in the New Testamentin 4 of 27 booksnever changes form
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
Across, on the other side — used of a body of water (a sea, a river, a lake, a valley stream) with the meaning that something lies on the far side of it 13. It functions either as a preposition governing a noun in the genitive, as in "the other side of the sea" or "the other side of the Jordan" 13, or with the article as a noun phrase, "the other side" or "the region beyond," referring to the far shore or territory 13. Strong's derives it from an obsolete word related to "pierce," and glosses it as "through," "across," "beyond," "farther," "other side," "over" 2; Dodson likewise glosses it simply as "over, beyond" 4.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
πέραν,
adv.,[in LXX for עֵבֶר and cognate forms;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4008 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidper'-an
through (as adverb or preposition), i.e. across
Fromapparently accusative case of an obsolete derivative of πείρω (to "pierce");
King Jamesbeyond, farther (other) side, over.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
Ionic dialect and Epic dialect πέρην, adverb on the other side, across, in early Poets always with genitive, especially of water, νήσων αἳ ναίουσι π. ἁλός Refs 8th c.BC+; π. Χάεος ζοφεροῖοRefs 5th c.BC+; π. τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου, τοῦ ποταμοῦ, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. Ἕβρον is corrupt in Refs 5th c.BC+
2 absolutely, on the other side, especially of water, προσορμίζεσθαι.. π. ἐν τῇ Ῥηναίῃ Refs 5th c.BC+
3 with Verbs of motion, followed by εἰς, over or across to.., π. ἐς τὴν Ἀχαιίην διέπεμψαν Refs 5th c.BC+; also without εἰς, ἐκ Θάσου διαβαλόντες π. having crossed over (i.e. ἐς τὴν ἤπειρον), Refs 5th c.BC+
4 frequently with Article, διαβιβάζεσθαι εἰς τὸ π. τοῦ ποταμοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; διέβη εἰς τὸ π. Refs; ἐν τῷ π. Refs; τὰ π. things done on the opposite side, Refs; τὰ π. πράγματα, opposed to τὰ ἐπὶ τάδε, Refs 2nd c.BC+; οἱ π. those on the other side, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἡ ὄχθη ἡ π. Refs 2nd c.AD+
II over against, opposite, with genitive, π. ἱερῆς Εὐβοίης Refs 8th c.BC+
III less frequently ={πέρα} (A), beyond, with genitive, π. Νείλοιο παγᾶν Refs 5th c.BC+
IV right through, καῦσις [ἔστω] μὴ πέρην Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐς τὸ π. Refs—π. with genitive usually precedes its case, but follows it in A.[same place], Refs 2nd c.AD+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
23 occurrences, every one of them listed
peran23×
Matthew 4:15… Zaboulōn kai gēas Nefthalim, hodan thalassau, peran tou Iordanou, Galilaias teiu ethneiu,… Naphtali, the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles —
Matthew 4:25… Dekapoliau kai Hierosolumeiu kai Ioudaiau kai peran tou Iordanou.… Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 19:1… erchata eis teim horeim tau Ioudaiau peran tou Iordanou.… went into the region of Judea beyond the Jordan.
Mark 3:8… Hierosolumeiu kai apo tau Idoumaiau kai peran tou Iordanou kai peri Turan kai …Jerusalem, Idumea, the region beyond the Jordan, and the vicinity of …
Mark 10:1… eis teim horeim tau Ioudaiau kai peran tou Iordanou, kai sumporeuolō palin ochlois …… went into the region of Judea, beyond the Jordan. Again the crowds came …
John 1:28“across”houteim en Bēthania geneta peran tou Iordanou, hopou ate tos Iōannos …… happened at Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John was baptizing.
John 3:26“across”… auto; Rabbi, hos ate meta su peran tou Iordanou, ho sis marturasē, ide …… came to him and said, “Look, Rabbi, the One who was with you beyond the Jordan, the One you testified about — He …
John 6:1Meta houteim aperchata tos Iēsus peran tau thalassau tau Galilaiau tau Tiberiadau.After this, Jesus crossed to the other side of the Sea of Galilee ( that …
John 6:17kai embainarantois eis ploiem archole peran tau thalassau eis Kafarnaoum. kai skotias …got into a boat, and started across the sea to Capernaum. It was …
John 6:22Ta epaurion tos ochlos tos stēarēntos peran tau thalassau horala hoti ploiariem allosem …… day, the crowd that had remained on the other side of the sea realized that only …
John 6:25Kai heuriskarantois auton peran tau thalassau legala auto; Rabbi, pote …When they found Him on the other side of the sea, they asked Him …
John 10:40Kai aperchata palin peran tou Iordanou eis ton topon hopou …Then Jesus went back across the Jordan to the place where …
John 18:1… Iēsus exerchata sun toi mathētoi autou peran tou cheimarrou tou Kedrōn hopou ate …… He went out with His disciples across the Kidron Valley, where they entered …
Matthew 8:18… peri auton keleuata aperchara eis tem peran.… gave orders to cross to the other side of the sea.
Matthew 8:28Kai ercharantou autou eis tem peran eis tan chōran toiu Gadarēnoiu hupantala …When Jesus arrived on the other side in the region of the Gadarenes …
Matthew 14:22… ploiem kai proagarō auton eis tem peran, heōs hou apoluateia toin ochloin.… on ahead of Him to the other side, while He dismissed the crowds.
Matthew 16:5Kai ercharantois tois mathētois eis tem peran epilathela artoin labara.When they crossed to the other side, the disciples forgot to take bread.
Mark 4:35… hēmera opsēau generantau; Dierchaneia eis tem peran.… disciples, “Let us cross to the other side.”
Mark 5:1Kai erchala eis tem peran tau thalassau eis tan chōran toiu …On the other side of the sea, they arrived in …
Mark 5:21… en te ploie palin eis tem peran sunagita ochlos pollos epi auton, kai …… again crossed by boat to the other side, a large crowd gathered around Him …
Mark 6:45“other side”… tem ploiem kai proagarō eis tem peran pros Bēthsaidan, heōs autos apoluatō ton …… into the boat and go on ahead of Him to Bethsaida, while He dismissed the crowd.
Mark 8:13… autoin palin embainarantos aperchata eis tem peran.… the boat, and crossed to the other side.
Luke 8:22… legata pros autoin; Dierchaneia eis tem peran tau limnau, kai anagila.… disciples, “Let us cross to the other side of the lake.” So He got …