verb
anagnōskamō
Strong’sG314
I read
stem anagnōsk-32 times in the New Testamentin 10 of 27 books18 forms occur
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
To read — to look at written text and take in or utter its content, most often reading aloud so that others can hear it, as in the public reading of Scripture, a letter, or an official notice 1234. This is the meaning the word carries throughout the New Testament, covering reading a passage of Scripture, a document, an inscription, or a letter, sometimes read privately and sometimes read out to a gathered group 1.
The word also carries an older, more literal sense, to know again, recognize — to know something certainly, know it well, or perceive it — a sense found in Greek generally but not the one used in the New Testament 13. Reading is presented as an extension of this idea, in that to read written characters is, at root, to "know them again" or recognize them 2.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
ἀνα-γινώσκω
(Attic ἀναγιγν-), [in LXX chiefly for קרא;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G314 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
later ἀναγῑνώσκω:
I Epic dialect only in aorist 2 ἀνέγνων,
I.1 know well, know certainly, οὐ γάρ πώ τις ἑὸν γόνον αὐτὸς ἀνέγνωRefs 8th c.BC+
I.1.b perceive, Refs 3rd c.BC+
I.2 know again, recognize, Refs 8th c.BC+, acknowledge, own, ἀναγνῶναι τοὺς συγγενέαςRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist passive once in Refs 5th c.BC+
II after Refs 8th c.BC+, future ἀναγνώσομαι uncertain in Refs: aorist 2 ἀνέγνων, Cretan dialect 3rd.pers.plural subjunctive -γνῶντιRefsperfect ἀνέγνωκα:—passive, future -γνωσθήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἀνεγνώσθηνRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἀνέγνωσμαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—of written characters, know them again, and so, read, first in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀναγνώσεται (i.e. ὁ γραμματεύς) Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, οἱ ἀναγιγνώσκοντες students, Refs 1st c.AD+ ἀ. παρά τινι Ἀριστοτέλους τὰ περὶ ψυχῆς attend lectures on Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, τὰ βιβλία τὰ ἀνεγνωσμένα books read aloud, hence, published, opposed to τὰ ἀνέκδοτα, Lycon cited in Refs 3rd c.AD+
III Ionic dialect usage, causal, mostly in aorist ἀνέγνωσα, induce one to do a thing, τούτους.. ἀναγνώσας ἕπεσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+; infinitive is omitted, ὡς ἀνέγνωσε when he had persuaded him, Refs: once in present, ἀναγιγνώσκεις στρατεύεσθαι βασιλέαRefs; persuade, convince, ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ —aorist passive, ἀνεγνώσθην to be persuaded to do a thing, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+: without infinitive, ὑπὸ τῆς γυναικὸς ἀναγνωσθείςRefs: pluperfect passive, ὡς οὗτοι.. οἱ ἀνεγνωσμένοι ἦσανRefs: rare in Attic dialect, ὑπὸ τῶν κυρίων ἀναγιγνωσκόμενονRefs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| anagnōskasōἀναγινώσκεις | happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular | read | 2× |
| anagnōskavōἀναγινώσκετε | happening now · yepresent active indicative 2nd person plural | read | 1× |
| anagnōskateἀνεγίνωσκεν | was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | reading | 2× |
| anagnōskavaἀνέγνωτε | happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural | read | 10× |
| anagnōskalaἀνέγνωσαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | read | 1× |
| anagnōskoteiōἀναγινώσκηται | happening now · he/she/itpresent middle or passive subjunctive 3rd person singular | read | 1× |
| anagnōskaveiaἀναγνῶτε | happened · yeaorist active subjunctive 2nd person plural | read | 1× |
| anagnōskiteiaἀναγνωσθῇ | happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular | read | 2× |
| anagnōskaraἀναγνῶναι | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | read | 1× |
| anagnōskiraἀναγνωσθῆναι | happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive | read | 1× |
| anagnōskarōntosἀναγινώσκων | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine | reader | 3× |
| anagnōskarōntouἀναγινώσκοντος | happening now · of, belonging topresent active participle genitive singular masculine | reading | 1× |
| anagnōskarōntoisἀναγινώσκοντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | read | 1× |
| anagnōskorōntosἀναγινωσκόμενος | happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle nominative singular masculine | read | 1× |
| anagnōskorōntasἀναγινωσκομένη | happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle nominative singular feminine | read | 1× |
| anagnōskorōntainἀναγινωσκομένας | happening now · objectpresent middle or passive participle accusative plural feminine | read | 1× |
| anagnōskarantosἀναγνοὺς | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine | read | 1× |
| anagnōskarantoisἀναγνόντες | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine | read | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 16 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskamō | anagnōskame | anagnōskami | anagnōskama | anagnōskamē | anagnōskamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskasō2×ἀναγινώσκεις | anagnōskase | anagnōskasi | anagnōskasa | anagnōskasē | anagnōskaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskatō | anagnōskate2×ἀνεγίνωσκεν | anagnōskati | anagnōskata | anagnōskatē | anagnōskatelē |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskanō | anagnōskane | anagnōskani | anagnōskana | anagnōskanē | anagnōskanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskavō1×ἀναγινώσκετε | anagnōskave | anagnōskavi | anagnōskava10×ἀνέγνωτε | anagnōskavē | anagnōskavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskalō | anagnōskale | anagnōskali | anagnōskala1×ἀνέγνωσαν | anagnōskalē | anagnōskalelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskomō | anagnōskome | anagnōskomē | anagnōskomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskosō | anagnōskose | anagnōskosē | anagnōskoselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskotō | anagnōskote | anagnōskotē | anagnōskotelē |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskonō | anagnōskone | anagnōskonē | anagnōskonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskovō | anagnōskove | anagnōskovē | anagnōskovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskolō | anagnōskole | anagnōskolē | anagnōskolelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskimi | anagnōskima |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskisi | anagnōskisa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskiti | anagnōskita |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskini | anagnōskina |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskivi | anagnōskiva |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskili | anagnōskila |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 4 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskameiō | anagnōskameia | anagnōskameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskaseiō | anagnōskaseia | anagnōskaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskateiō | anagnōskateia | anagnōskateiē |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskaneiō | anagnōskaneia | anagnōskaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskaveiō | anagnōskaveia1×ἀναγνῶτε | anagnōskaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskaleiō | anagnōskaleia | anagnōskaleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskomeiō | anagnōskomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskoseiō | anagnōskoseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskoteiō1×ἀναγινώσκηται | anagnōskoteiē |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskoneiō | anagnōskoneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskoveiō | anagnōskoveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskoleiō | anagnōskoleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskimeia |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskiseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskiteia2×ἀναγνωσθῇ |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskineia |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskiveia |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskileia |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskasōr | anagnōskasar | anagnōskasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskatōr | anagnōskatar | anagnōskatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskavōr | anagnōskavar | anagnōskavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskalōr | anagnōskalar | anagnōskalēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskosōr | anagnōskosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskotōr | anagnōskotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskovōr | anagnōskovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskolōr | anagnōskolēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskisar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskitar |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskivar |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskilar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskamoiō | anagnōskamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskasoiō | anagnōskasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskatoiō | anagnōskatoia |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskanoiō | anagnōskanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskavoiō | anagnōskavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskaloiō | anagnōskaloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskoloiō |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | anagnōskimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | anagnōskisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | anagnōskitoia |
| we 1st person plural | anagnōskinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | anagnōskivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | anagnōskiloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 2 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | anagnōskarō | anagnōskari | anagnōskara1×ἀναγνῶναι | anagnōskarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | anagnōskorō | anagnōskorē | ||
| acted on passive voice | anagnōskiri | anagnōskira1×ἀναγνωσθῆναι |
Used as an adjective — participle, 10 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | anagnōskarōntos5×ἀναγινώσκων | anagnōskarintos | anagnōskarantos2×ἀναγνοὺς | anagnōskarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | anagnōskorōntos3×ἀναγινωσκόμενος | anagnōskorēntos | ||
| acted on passive voice | anagnōskirintos | anagnōskirantos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
anagnōsk is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
32 occurrences, every one of them listed
anagnōskasō“read”happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular2×
Luke 10:26… En to nomo tinem grafotē? pōs anagnōskasō?… Law?” Jesus replied. “How do you read it?”
Acts 8:30… kai legata; Ara ge gnōskasō heim anagnōskasō?… Do you understand what you are reading?” Philip asked.
anagnōskavō“read”happening now · yepresent active indicative 2nd person plural1×
2 Corinthians 1:13… alloseim grafanō vi alla ē heim anagnōskavō ē kai epignōskavō, elpizamō de hoti …… that is beyond your ability to read and understand. And I hope that …
anagnōskate“reading”was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular2×
Acts 8:28… kathorōntos epi teu harmeu autou kai anagnōskate ton profēton Ēsaion.… return was sitting in his chariot reading Isaiah the prophet.
Acts 8:32tas de periochas tau grafau han anagnōskate ate houtas; Hōs probatem epi sfagan …The eunuch was reading this passage of Scripture: “He was …
anagnōskava“read”happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural10×
Matthew 12:3tos de legata autoi; Ouk anagnōskava tinem poiata David hote peinata kai …Jesus replied, “Have you not read what David did when he and …
Matthew 12:5ē ouk anagnōskava en to nomo hoti tei sabbatei …Or haven’t you read in the Law that on the …
Matthew 19:4tos de apokrinirantos legata; Ouk anagnōskava hoti tos ktizarantos apo archau arsenem …Jesus answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator …
Matthew 21:16… de Iēsus legatō autoi; Nai. oudepote anagnōskava hoti Ek stomeu nēpioiu kai thēlazarōntoiu …… Yes,” Jesus answered. “Have you never read: ‘From the mouths of children and …
Matthew 21:42Legatō autoi tos Iēsus; Oudepote anagnōskava en tai grafai; Lithon hon apodokimazala …… said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures: ‘The stone the …
Matthew 22:31… de tau anastasiau toiu nekroiu ouk anagnōskava tem legirantem vi hupo tou theou …… of the dead, have you not read what God said to you:
Mark 2:25kai legatō autoi; Oudepote anagnōskava tinem poiata David hote chreian echata …Jesus replied, “Have you never read what David did when he and …
Mark 12:10oude tan grafan houtan anagnōskava; Lithon hon apodokimazala tois oikodomarōntois, houtos …Have you never read this Scripture: ‘The stone the builders …
Mark 12:26… de toiu nekroiu hoti egerolō ouk anagnōskava en ta bibla Mōusou epi tou …… the dead rising, have you not read about the burning bush in the …
Luke 6:3… autoin legata tos Iēsus; Oude houtem anagnōskava hem poiata David hopote peinata autos …Jesus replied, “Have you not read what David did when he and …
anagnōskala“read”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural1×
John 19:20houton oun ton titlon pollois anagnōskala toiu Ioudaioiu, hoti engus ate tos …Many of the Jews read this sign, because the place where …
anagnōskoteiō“read”happening now · he/she/itpresent middle or passive subjunctive 3rd person singular1×
2 Corinthians 3:15alla heōs sēmeron hēnika an anagnōskoteiō Mōusos kalummem epi tan kardian autoiu …… to this day when Moses is read, a veil covers their hearts.
anagnōskaveia“read”happened · yeaorist active subjunctive 2nd person plural1×
Colossians 4:16… tan ek Laodikeiau hina kai vis anagnōskaveia.… Laodiceans, and that you in turn read the letter from Laodicea.
anagnōskiteia“read”happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular2×
Colossians 4:16kai hotan anagnōskiteia para vi tas epistolas, poiavar hina …After this letter has been read among you, make sure that it …
Colossians 4:16… hina kai en ta Laodikevoiu ekklēsa anagnōskiteia, kai tan ek Laodikeiau hina kai …… make sure that it is also read in the church of the Laodiceans …
anagnōskara“read”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive1×
Luke 4:16… sabbateiu eis tan sunagōgan, kai anastēata anagnōskara.… And when He stood up to read,
anagnōskira“read”happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive1×
1 Thessalonians 5:27enorkizamō vin ton kurion anagnōskira tan epistolan pantoi toi adelfoi.… the Lord to have this letter read to all the brothers.
anagnōskarōntos“reader”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine3×
Matthew 24:15… profētou stēarēntem en topo hagio, tos anagnōskarōntos noatōr,… by the prophet Daniel (let the reader understand),
Mark 13:14… erēmōsiau stēarēnton hopou ouk datō, tos anagnōskarōntos noatōr, tote tois en ta Ioudaia …… it should not be (let the reader understand), then let those who are …
Revelation 1:3makarios tos anagnōskarōntos kai tois akouarōntois toin logoin tau …Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of this prophecy …
anagnōskarōntou“reading”happening now · of, belonging topresent active participle genitive singular masculine1×
Acts 8:30prostrecharantos de tos Filippos akouata autou anagnōskarōntou Ēsaion ton profēton kai legata; Ara …… ran up and heard the man reading Isaiah the prophet. “Do you understand …
anagnōskarōntois“read”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Ephesians 3:4“read”pros hem dunovō anagnōskarōntois noara tan sunesian mu en te …In reading this, then, you will be able to understand my insight into the mystery of …
anagnōskorōntos“read”happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle nominative singular masculine1×
Acts 15:21… en tai sunagōgai kata pantem sabbatem anagnōskorōntos.… city from ancient times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath.”
anagnōskorōntas“read”happening now · subjectpresent middle or passive participle nominative singular feminine1×
2 Corinthians 3:2… en tai kardiai nu, gnōskorōntas kai anagnōskorōntas hupo pantoiu anthrōpoiu;… inscribed on our hearts, known and read by everyone.
anagnōskorōntain“read”happening now · objectpresent middle or passive participle accusative plural feminine1×
Acts 13:27… toiu profētoiu tain kata pantem sabbatem anagnōskorōntain krinarantois plērala,… words of the prophets that are read every Sabbath.
anagnōskarantos“read”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Acts 23:34anagnōskarantos de kai eperōtarantos ek poiau eparcheiau …The governor read the letter and asked what province …
anagnōskarantois“read”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Acts 15:31anagnōskarantois de chairila epi ta paraklēsia.When the people read it, they rejoiced at its encouraging …