verb
stauramō
Strong’sG4717
I crucify
stem staur-46 times in the New Testamentin 9 of 27 books19 forms occur
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
The primary meaning is to crucify, to put to death by nailing or binding to a cross 1234. This is by far the most common use in the New Testament, describing the literal execution of a person on a cross 13.
The word is also used figuratively, of putting to death or destroying the power of something such as sinful passions or the old self, rather than literally executing a person 123.
In earlier classical Greek the word could also mean simply to fence with pales, to build a palisade or stockade, a sense not found in the New Testament 13.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
σταυρόω, -ῶ
(< σταυρός), [in LXX: Es 7:9 (תּלה), Es 8:13 *;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4717 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidstow-ro'-o
to impale on the cross; figuratively, to extinguish (subdue) passion or selfishness
Fromfrom G4716;
King Jamescrucify.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
(σταυρός) fence with pales, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+
II crucify, NT+2nd c.BC+ crucify it, destroy its power, NT nail from a cross, as amulet, Refs 1st c.AD+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| stauralōσταυροῦσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | crucified | 2× |
| staurolōσταυροῦνται | happening now · theypresent middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural | crucified | 1× |
| stauraviσταυρώσετε | will happen · yefuture active indicative 2nd person plural | crucify | 1× |
| stauravaἐσταυρώσατε | happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural | crucified | 2× |
| stauralaἐσταύρωσαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | crucified | 7× |
| stauritaἐσταυρώθη | happened · he/she/itaorist passive indicative 3rd person singular | crucified | 5× |
| staurotēἐσταύρωται | has happened · he/she/itperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular | crucified | 1× |
| staurameiaσταυρώσω | happened · Iaorist active subjunctive 1st person singular | crucify | 1× |
| stauraleiaσταυρώσωσιν | happened · theyaorist active subjunctive 3rd person plural | crucify | 1× |
| stauriteiaσταυρωθῇ | happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular | crucified | 3× |
| staurasōrΣταύρου | happening now · youpresent active imperative 2nd person singular | crucify | 2× |
| staurasarΣταύρωσον | happened · youaorist active imperative 2nd person singular | crucify | 5× |
| stauravarσταυρώσατε | happened · yeaorist active imperative 2nd person plural | crucify | 1× |
| stauritarΣταυρωθήτω | happened · he/she/itaorist passive imperative 3rd person singular | crucified | 2× |
| stauraraσταυρῶσαι | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | crucify | 3× |
| stauriraσταυρωθῆναι | happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive | crucified | 3× |
| staurarantoisσταυρώσαντες | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine | crucified | 1× |
| staurorēntosἐσταυρωμένος | has happened · subjectperfect middle or passive participle nominative singular masculine | crucified | 1× |
| staurorēntonἐσταυρωμένον | has happened · objectperfect middle or passive participle accusative singular masculine | crucified | 4× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 19 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | stauramō | staurame | staurami | staurama | stauramē | stauramelē |
| you 2nd person singular | staurasō | staurase | staurasi | staurasa | staurasē | stauraselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauratō | staurate | staurati | staurata | stauratē | stauratelē |
| we 1st person plural | stauranō | staurane | staurani | staurana | stauranē | stauranelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauravō | staurave | stauravi1×σταυρώσετε | staurava2×ἐσταυρώσατε | stauravē | stauravelē |
| they 3rd person plural | stauralō2×σταυροῦσιν | staurale | staurali | staurala7×ἐσταύρωσαν | stauralē | stauralelē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | stauromō | staurome | stauromē | stauromelē |
| you 2nd person singular | staurosō | staurose | staurosē | stauroselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | staurotō | staurote | staurotē1×ἐσταύρωται | staurotelē |
| we 1st person plural | stauronō | staurone | stauronē | stauronelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurovō | staurove | staurovē | staurovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | staurolō1×σταυροῦνται | staurole | staurolē | staurolelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | staurimi | staurima |
| you 2nd person singular | staurisi | staurisa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauriti | staurita5×ἐσταυρώθη |
| we 1st person plural | staurini | staurina |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurivi | stauriva |
| they 3rd person plural | staurili | staurila |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 5 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | staurameiō | staurameia1×σταυρώσω | staurameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | stauraseiō | stauraseia | stauraseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | staurateiō | staurateia | staurateiē |
| we 1st person plural | stauraneiō | stauraneia | stauraneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauraveiō | stauraveia | stauraveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | stauraleiō | stauraleia1×σταυρώσωσιν | stauraleiē |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | stauromeiō | stauromeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | stauroseiō | stauroseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauroteiō | stauroteiē |
| we 1st person plural | stauroneiō | stauroneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauroveiō | stauroveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | stauroleiō | stauroleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | staurimeia |
| you 2nd person singular | stauriseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauriteia3×σταυρωθῇ |
| we 1st person plural | staurineia |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauriveia |
| they 3rd person plural | staurileia |
Commands — imperative mood, 10 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | staurasōr2×Σταύρου | staurasar5×Σταύρωσον | staurasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauratōr | stauratar | stauratēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauravōr | stauravar1×σταυρώσατε | stauravēr |
| they 3rd person plural | stauralōr | stauralar | stauralēr |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | staurosōr | staurosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | staurotōr | staurotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurovōr | staurovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | staurolōr | staurolēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | staurisar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauritar2×Σταυρωθήτω |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurivar |
| they 3rd person plural | staurilar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | stauramoiō | stauramoia |
| you 2nd person singular | staurasoiō | staurasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauratoiō | stauratoia |
| we 1st person plural | stauranoiō | stauranoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauravoiō | stauravoia |
| they 3rd person plural | stauraloiō | stauraloia |
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | stauromoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | staurosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | staurotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | stauronoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | stauroloiō |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | staurimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | staurisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauritoia |
| we 1st person plural | staurinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | stauriloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 6 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | staurarō | staurari | staurara3×σταυρῶσαι | staurarē |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | staurorō | staurorē | ||
| acted on passive voice | stauriri | staurira3×σταυρωθῆναι |
Used as an adjective — participle, 6 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | staurarōntos | staurarintos | staurarantos1× | staurarēntos |
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | staurorōntos | staurorēntos5×ἐσταυρωμένος | ||
| acted on passive voice | stauririntos | staurirantos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
staur is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Other words sharing the exact same stem — not merely related in meaning.
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
46 occurrences, every one of them listed
stauralō“crucified”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural2×
Mark 15:24kai stauralō auton kai diamerizolō teim himatieim autou, …And they crucified Him. They also divided His garments …
Mark 15:27kai sun auto stauralō duo lēstoin, henon ek dexeiu kai …Along with Jesus, they crucified two robbers, one on His right …
staurolō“crucified”happening now · theypresent middle or passive indicative 3rd person plural1×
Matthew 27:38Tote staurolō sun auto duo lēstois, henos ek …Two robbers were crucified with Him, one on His right …
stauravi“crucify”will happen · yefuture active indicative 2nd person plural1×
Matthew 23:34… kai grammatevoin; ek autoiu apoktenavi kai stauravi, kai ek autoiu mastigavi en tai …… of them you will kill and crucify, and others you will flog in …
staurava“crucified”happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural2×
Acts 2:36… theos, houton ton Iēsun hon vis staurava.… has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ!”
Acts 4:10… Iēsu Christou tou Nazōraiou, hon vis staurava, hon tos theos egerata ek nekroiu, …… Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the …
staurala“crucified”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural7×
Mark 15:25Ate de hōras tritas kai staurala auton.… was the third hour when they crucified Him.
Luke 23:33… ton topon ton kalorōnton Kraniem, ekei staurala auton kai toin kakourgoin, hon men …… the place called The Skull, they crucified Him there, along with the criminals …
Luke 24:20… archontois nu eis krimem thanatou kai staurala auton.… the sentence of death, and they crucified Him.
John 19:18hopou auton staurala, kai meta autou allosoin duo enteuthen …There they crucified Him, and with Him two others …
John 19:23tois oun stratiōtois hote staurala ton Iēsun labala teim himatieim autou …When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided His garments into …
1 Corinthians 2:8… ouk an ton kurion tau doxau staurala;… they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.
Galatians 5:24tois de tou Christou tan sarkan staurala sun tei pathēmei kai tai epithumiai.… who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and …
staurita“crucified”happened · he/she/itaorist passive indicative 3rd person singular5×
John 19:20… ate tos topos tau polau hopou staurita tos Iēsus; kai ate graforēntem Hebraisti, …… because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it …
John 19:41ate de en to topo hopou staurita kēpos, kai en to kēpo mnēmeiem …… in the place where Jesus was crucified, and in the garden a new …
1 Corinthians 1:13merizotē tos Christos? mē Paulos staurita huper vu, ē eis tem onomem …Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Were you baptized into …
2 Corinthians 13:4kai gar staurita ek astheniau, alla zōatō ek dunamiau …For He was indeed crucified in weakness, yet He lives by …
Revelation 11:8… Aiguptas, hopou kai tos kurios autoiu staurita.… Egypt — where their Lord was also crucified.
staurotē“crucified”has happened · he/she/itperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular1×
Galatians 6:14… Iēsu Christou, dia hou mi kosmos staurotē kamis kosmo.… through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the …
staurameia“crucify”happened · Iaorist active subjunctive 1st person singular1×
John 19:15… autoi tos Pilatos; Ton basilevon vu staurameia? apokrinila tois archierevois; Ouk echanō basilevon …… with Him! Crucify Him!” “Shall I crucify your King?” Pilate asked. “We have …
stauraleia“crucify”happened · theyaorist active subjunctive 3rd person plural1×
Mark 15:20… teim idieim. kai exagalō auton hina stauraleia auton.… Then they led Him out to crucify Him.
stauriteia“crucified”happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular3×
Matthew 27:26… ton de Iēsun fragellarantos paradōata hina stauriteia.… and handed Him over to be crucified.
Mark 15:15… kai paradōata ton Iēsun fragellarantos hina stauriteia.… and handed Him over to be crucified.
John 19:16tote oun paradōata auton autoi hina stauriteia. Paralabala oun ton Iēsun;… Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified, and the soldiers took Him away.
staurasōr“crucify”happening now · youpresent active imperative 2nd person singular2×
Luke 23:21tois de epifōnale legarōntois; Staurasōr staurasōr auton.but they kept shouting, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!”
Luke 23:21tois de epifōnale legarōntois; Staurasōr staurasōr auton.but they kept shouting, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!”
staurasar“crucify”happened · youaorist active imperative 2nd person singular5×
Mark 15:13tois de palin krazala; Staurasar auton.And they shouted back, “Crucify Him!”
Mark 15:14… poiata kakosem? tois de perissōs krazala; Staurasar auton.… But they shouted all the louder, “Crucify Him!”
John 19:6… archierevois kai tois hupēretois kraugazala legarōntois; Staurasar staurasar. legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Labavar …… saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!” “You take Him and crucify …
John 19:6… kai tois hupēretois kraugazala legarōntois; Staurasar staurasar. legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Labavar auton …… and officers saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!” “You take Him …
John 19:15kraugazala oun ekeinois; Airasar airasar, staurasar auton. legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Ton …… Away with Him! Away with Him! Crucify Him!” “Shall I crucify your King …
stauravar“crucify”happened · yeaorist active imperative 2nd person plural1×
John 19:6… tos Pilatos; Labavar auton vis kai stauravar, mis gar ouk heuriskamō en auto …… Crucify Him!” “You take Him and crucify Him,” Pilate replied, “for I find …
stauritar“crucified”happened · he/she/itaorist passive imperative 3rd person singular2×
Matthew 27:22“crucified”… Iēsun ton legorōnton christon? legalō pantois; Stauritar.… do with Jesus who is called Christ?” Pilate asked. They all answered, “Crucify …
Matthew 27:23“crucified”… poiata? tois de perissōs krazale legarōntois; Stauritar.… has He done?” But they shouted all the …
staurara“crucify”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive3×
Matthew 20:19… eis tem empaizara kai mastigara kai staurara, kai ta trita hēmera egeriti.… to be mocked and flogged and crucified. And on the third day He …
Matthew 27:31… autou kai apagala auton eis tem staurara.… Then they led Him away to crucify Him.
John 19:10… echamō apoluara sin kai exousian echamō staurara sin?… to release You and authority to crucify You?”
staurira“crucified”happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive3×
Matthew 26:2… huios tou anthrōpou paradōotō eis tem staurira.… will be handed over to be crucified.”
Luke 23:23… de epikeiole fōnai megai aitorōntois auton staurira, kai katischuale tais fōnais autoiu.… loud voices for Jesus to be crucified. And their clamor prevailed.
Luke 24:7… paradōira eis cheirain anthrōpoiu hamartōloiu kai staurira kai ta trita hēmera anastēara.… hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and on the third day rise …
staurarantois“crucified”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Matthew 27:35staurarantois de auton diamerizela teim himatieim autou …When they had crucified Him, they divided up His garments …
staurorēntos“crucified”has happened · subjectperfect middle or passive participle nominative singular masculine1×
Galatians 3:1… hoi kata ofthalmoin Iēsus Christos prografita staurorēntos?… Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified.
staurorēnton“crucified”has happened · objectperfect middle or passive participle accusative singular masculine4×
Matthew 28:5… vis, oidamē gar hoti Iēsun ton staurorēnton zētavō;… are looking for Jesus, who was crucified.
Mark 16:6… ekthambovōr; Iēsun zētavō ton Nazarēnon ton staurorēnton; egerita, ouk atō hōde; ide tos …… for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen! He is not …
1 Corinthians 1:23nis de kērussanō Christon staurorēnton, Ioudaioi men skandalem ethnei de mōrian,but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and …
1 Corinthians 2:2… ei mē Iēsun Christon kai houton staurorēnton;… you except Jesus Christ and Him crucified.