verb
stauramō
Greekσταυρόω (stauroō)
Strong’sG4717
I crucify
stem staur-46 times in the New Testamentin 9 of 27 books19 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
σταυρόω, -ῶ
(< σταυρός), [in LXX: Es 7:9 (תּלה), Es 8:13 *;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4717 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidstow-ro'-o
to impale on the cross; figuratively, to extinguish (subdue) passion or selfishness
Fromfrom G4716;
King Jamescrucify.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| stauralōσταυροῦσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | crucified | 2× |
| staurilōσταυροῦνται | happening now · theypresent passive indicative 3rd person plural | crucified | 1× |
| stauraviσταυρώσετε | will happen · yefuture active indicative 2nd person plural | crucify | 1× |
| stauravaἐσταυρώσατε | happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural | crucified | 2× |
| stauralaἐσταύρωσαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | crucified | 7× |
| stauritaἐσταυρώθη | happened · he/she/itaorist passive indicative 3rd person singular | crucified | 5× |
| stauritēἐσταύρωται | has happened · he/she/itperfect passive indicative 3rd person singular | crucified | 1× |
| staurameiaσταυρώσω | happened · Iaorist active subjunctive 1st person singular | crucify | 1× |
| stauraleiaσταυρώσωσιν | happened · theyaorist active subjunctive 3rd person plural | crucify | 1× |
| stauriteiaσταυρωθῇ | happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular | crucified | 3× |
| staurasōrΣταύρου | happening now · youpresent active imperative 2nd person singular | crucify | 2× |
| staurasarΣταύρωσον | happened · youaorist active imperative 2nd person singular | crucify | 5× |
| stauravarσταυρώσατε | happened · yeaorist active imperative 2nd person plural | crucify | 1× |
| stauritarΣταυρωθήτω | happened · he/she/itaorist passive imperative 3rd person singular | crucified | 2× |
| stauraraσταυρῶσαι | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | crucify | 3× |
| stauriraσταυρωθῆναι | happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive | crucified | 3× |
| stauraratoisσταυρώσαντες | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine | crucified | 1× |
| staurirētosἐσταυρωμένος | has happened · subjectperfect passive participle nominative singular masculine | crucified | 1× |
| staurirētonἐσταυρωμένον | has happened · objectperfect passive participle accusative singular masculine | crucified | 4× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 19 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | stauramō | staurame | staurami | staurama | stauramē | stauramelē |
| you 2nd person singular | staurasō | staurase | staurasi | staurasa | staurasē | stauraselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauratō | staurate | staurati | staurata | stauratē | stauratelē |
| we 1st person plural | stauranō | staurane | staurani | staurana | stauranē | stauranelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauravō | staurave | stauravi1×σταυρώσετε | staurava2×ἐσταυρώσατε | stauravē | stauravelē |
| they 3rd person plural | stauralō2×σταυροῦσιν | staurale | staurali | staurala7×ἐσταύρωσαν | stauralē | stauralelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | staurimō | staurime | staurimi | staurima | staurimē | staurimelē |
| you 2nd person singular | staurisō | staurise | staurisi | staurisa | staurisē | stauriselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauritō | staurite | stauriti | staurita5×ἐσταυρώθη | stauritē1×ἐσταύρωται | stauritelē |
| we 1st person plural | staurinō | staurine | staurini | staurina | staurinē | staurinelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurivō | staurive | staurivi | stauriva | staurivē | staurivelē |
| they 3rd person plural | staurilō1×σταυροῦνται | staurile | staurili | staurila | staurilē | staurilelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 5 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | staurameiō | staurameia1×σταυρώσω | staurameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | stauraseiō | stauraseia | stauraseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | staurateiō | staurateia | staurateiē |
| we 1st person plural | stauraneiō | stauraneia | stauraneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauraveiō | stauraveia | stauraveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | stauraleiō | stauraleia1×σταυρώσωσιν | stauraleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | staurimeiō | staurimeia | staurimeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | stauriseiō | stauriseia | stauriseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauriteiō | stauriteia3×σταυρωθῇ | stauriteiē |
| we 1st person plural | staurineiō | staurineia | staurineiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauriveiō | stauriveia | stauriveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | staurileiō | staurileia | staurileiē |
Commands — imperative mood, 10 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | staurasōr2×Σταύρου | staurasar5×Σταύρωσον | staurasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauratōr | stauratar | stauratēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauravōr | stauravar1×σταυρώσατε | stauravēr |
| they 3rd person plural | stauralōr | stauralar | stauralēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | staurisōr | staurisar | staurisēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauritōr | stauritar2×Σταυρωθήτω | stauritēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurivōr | staurivar | staurivēr |
| they 3rd person plural | staurilōr | staurilar | staurilēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | stauramoiō | stauramoia |
| you 2nd person singular | staurasoiō | staurasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauratoiō | stauratoia |
| we 1st person plural | stauranoiō | stauranoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | stauravoiō | stauravoia |
| they 3rd person plural | stauraloiō | stauraloia |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | staurimoiō | staurimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | staurisoiō | staurisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | stauritoiō | stauritoia |
| we 1st person plural | staurinoiō | staurinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | staurivoiō | staurivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | stauriloiō | stauriloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 6 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | staurarō | staurari | staurara3×σταυρῶσαι | staurarē |
| acted on passive voice | staurirō | stauriri | staurira3×σταυρωθῆναι | staurirē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 6 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | staurarōtos | stauraritos | stauraratos1× | staurarētos |
| acted on passive voice | staurirōtos | stauriritos | stauriratos | staurirētos5×ἐσταυρωμένος |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
staur is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Where it appears
46 occurrences, every one of them listed
stauralō“crucified”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural2×
Mark 15:24“crucified”kai stauralō auton kai diamerizelō teim himatieim autou, ballarōtois klēron epi auteim tinos tinem airateia.And they crucified Him. They also divided His garments by casting lots to decide what each of them would take.
Mark 15:27“crucified”kai sun auto stauralō duo lēstoin, henon ek dexeiu kai henon ek euōnumeiu autou.Along with Jesus, they crucified two robbers, one on His right and one on His left.
staurilō“crucified”happening now · theypresent passive indicative 3rd person plural1×
Matthew 27:38“crucified”Tote staurilō sun auto duo lēstois, henos ek dexeiu kai henos ek euōnumeiu.Two robbers were crucified with Him, one on His right and the other on His left.
stauravi“crucify”will happen · yefuture active indicative 2nd person plural1×
Matthew 23:34“crucify”dia houtem idou mis apostelamō pros vin profētoin kai sofoin kai grammatevoin; ek autoiu apokteinavi kai stauravi, kai ek autoiu mastigavi en tai sunagōgai vu kai diōkavi apo politau eis politan;Because of this, I am sending you prophets and wise men and teachers. Some of them you will kill and crucify, and others you will flog in your synagogues and persecute from town to town.
staurava“crucified”happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural2×
Acts 2:36“crucified”asfalōs oun gnōskatōr pantos oikos Israēl hoti kai kurion auton kai christon poiata tos theos, houton ton Iēsun hon vis staurava.Therefore let all Israel know with certainty that God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ!”
Acts 4:10“crucified”gnōstem atōr pantoi vi kai panto to lao Israēl hoti en te onome Iēsu Christou tou Nazōraiou, hon vis staurava, hon tos theos egeirata ek nekroiu, en houte houtos paristanatē enōpion vu hugios.then let this be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel: It is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed.
staurala“crucified”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural7×
Mark 15:25“crucified”Ate de hōras tritas kai staurala auton.It was the third hour when they crucified Him.
Luke 23:33“crucified”kai hote erchala epi ton topon ton kalirōton Kraniem, ekei staurala auton kai toin kakourgoin, hon men ek dexeiu hon de ek aristereiu.When they came to the place called The Skull, they crucified Him there, along with the criminals, one on His right and the other on His left.
Luke 24:20“crucified”hopōs tē paradōala auton tois archierevois kai tois archōnois nu eis krimem thanatou kai staurala auton.Our chief priests and rulers delivered Him up to the sentence of death, and they crucified Him.
John 19:18“crucified”hopou auton staurala, kai meta autou alloin duo enteuthen kai enteuthen, mesem de ton Iēsun.There they crucified Him, and with Him two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.
John 19:23“crucified”tois oun stratiōtois hote staurala ton Iēsun lambala teim himatieim autou kai poiala tessares mereim, hekasto stratiōto merem, kai ton chitōnon. ate de tos chitōnos arafos, ek teiu anōthen hufantos dia holou;When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided His garments into four parts, one for each soldier, with the tunic remaining. It was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.
1 Corinthians 2:8“crucified”han oudenos toiu archōnoiu tou aiōnou houtou gnōskatē, ei gar gnōskala, ouk an ton kurion tau doxau staurala;None of the rulers of this age understood it. For if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.
Galatians 5:24“crucified”tois de tou Christou tan sarxan staurala sun tei pathēmei kai tai epithumiai.Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires.
staurita“crucified”happened · he/she/itaorist passive indicative 3rd person singular5×
John 19:20“crucified”houton oun ton titlon pollois anaginōskala toiu Ioudaioiu, hoti engus ate tos topos tau politau hopou staurita tos Iēsus; kai ate grafirētem Hebraisti, Rōmaisti, Hellēnisti.Many of the Jews read this sign, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
John 19:41“crucified”ate de en to topo hopou staurita kēpos, kai en to kēpo mnēmeiem kainem, en he oudepō oudenos ate tithirētos;Now there was a garden in the place where Jesus was crucified, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid.
1 Corinthians 1:13“crucified”merizitē tos Christos? mē Paulos staurita huper vu, ē eis tem onomem Paulou baptiziva?Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Were you baptized into the name of Paul?
2 Corinthians 13:4“crucified”kai gar staurita ek astheniau, alla zōatō ek dunamiau theou. kai gar nis asthenanō en auto, alla zōani sun auto ek dunamiau theou eis vin.For He was indeed crucified in weakness, yet He lives by God’s power. For we are also weak in Him, yet by God’s power we will live with Him concerning you.
Revelation 11:8“crucified”kai tem ptōmem autoiu epi tau plateiau tau politau tau megau, hotinas kalitō pneumatikōs Sodomeim kai Aiguptas, hopou kai tos kurios autoiu staurita.Their bodies will lie in the street of the great city — figuratively called Sodom and Egypt — where their Lord was also crucified.
stauritē“crucified”has happened · he/she/itperfect passive indicative 3rd person singular1×
Galatians 6:14“crucified”mi de mē ginetoia kaucherō ei mē en to stauro tou kuriou nu Iēsu Christou, dia hou mi kosmos stauritē kamis kosmo.But as for me, may I never boast, except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.
staurameia“crucify”happened · Iaorist active subjunctive 1st person singular1×
John 19:15“crucify”kraugazala oun ekeinois; Airasar airasar, staurasar auton. legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Ton basilevon vu staurameia? apokrinila tois archierevois; Ouk echanō basilevon ei mē Kaisaron.At this, they shouted, “Away with Him! Away with Him! Crucify Him!” “Shall I crucify your King?” Pilate asked. “We have no king but Caesar,” replied the chief priests.
stauraleia“crucify”happened · theyaorist active subjunctive 3rd person plural1×
Mark 15:20“crucify”kai hote empaizala auto, ekduala auton tan porfuran kai enduala auton teim himatieim teim idieim. kai exagalō auton hina stauraleia auton.After they had mocked Him, they removed the purple robe and put His own clothes back on Him. Then they led Him out to crucify Him.
stauriteia“crucified”happened · he/she/itaorist passive subjunctive 3rd person singular3×
Matthew 27:26“crucified”tote apoluata autoi ton Barabbaon, ton de Iēsun fragellaratos paradōata hina stauriteia.So Pilate released Barabbas to them. But he had Jesus flogged, and handed Him over to be crucified.
Mark 15:15“crucified”tos de Pilatos boulerōtos to ochlo tem hikanem poiara apoluata autoi ton Barabbaon, kai paradōata ton Iēsun fragellaratos hina stauriteia.And wishing to satisfy the crowd, Pilate released Barabbas to them. But he had Jesus flogged, and handed Him over to be crucified.
John 19:16“crucified”tote oun paradōata auton autoi hina stauriteia. Paralambala oun ton Iēsun;Then Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified, and the soldiers took Him away.
staurasōr“crucify”happening now · youpresent active imperative 2nd person singular2×
Luke 23:21“crucify”tois de epifōnale legarōtois; Staurasōr staurasōr auton.but they kept shouting, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!”
Luke 23:21“crucify”tois de epifōnale legarōtois; Staurasōr staurasōr auton.but they kept shouting, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!”
staurasar“crucify”happened · youaorist active imperative 2nd person singular5×
Mark 15:13“crucify”tois de palin krazala; Staurasar auton.And they shouted back, “Crucify Him!”
Mark 15:14“crucify”tos de Pilatos legate autoi; Tinem gar poiata kakem? tois de perissōs krazala; Staurasar auton.“Why?” asked Pilate. “What evil has He done?” But they shouted all the louder, “Crucify Him!”
John 19:6“crucify”hote oun horala auton tois archierevois kai tois hupēretois kraugazala legarōtois; Staurasar staurasar. legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Lambavar auton vis kai stauravar, mis gar ouk heuriskamō en auto aitian.As soon as the chief priests and officers saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!” “You take Him and crucify Him,” Pilate replied, “for I find no basis for a charge against Him.”
John 19:6“crucify”hote oun horala auton tois archierevois kai tois hupēretois kraugazala legarōtois; Staurasar staurasar. legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Lambavar auton vis kai stauravar, mis gar ouk heuriskamō en auto aitian.As soon as the chief priests and officers saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!” “You take Him and crucify Him,” Pilate replied, “for I find no basis for a charge against Him.”
John 19:15“crucify”kraugazala oun ekeinois; Airasar airasar, staurasar auton. legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Ton basilevon vu staurameia? apokrinila tois archierevois; Ouk echanō basilevon ei mē Kaisaron.At this, they shouted, “Away with Him! Away with Him! Crucify Him!” “Shall I crucify your King?” Pilate asked. “We have no king but Caesar,” replied the chief priests.
stauravar“crucify”happened · yeaorist active imperative 2nd person plural1×
John 19:6“crucify”hote oun horala auton tois archierevois kai tois hupēretois kraugazala legarōtois; Staurasar staurasar. legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Lambavar auton vis kai stauravar, mis gar ouk heuriskamō en auto aitian.As soon as the chief priests and officers saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!” “You take Him and crucify Him,” Pilate replied, “for I find no basis for a charge against Him.”
stauritar“crucified”happened · he/she/itaorist passive imperative 3rd person singular2×
Matthew 27:22“crucified”legatō autoi tos Pilatos; Tinem oun poiameia Iēsun ton legirōton christon? legalō pantois; Stauritar.“What then should I do with Jesus who is called Christ?” Pilate asked. They all answered, “Crucify Him!”
Matthew 27:23“crucified”tos de fēate; Tinem gar kakem poiata? tois de perissōs krazale legarōtois; Stauritar.“Why?” asked Pilate. “What evil has He done?” But they shouted all the louder, “Crucify Him!”
staurara“crucify”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive3×
Matthew 20:19“crucified”kai paradōali auton tei ethnei eis tem empaizara kai mastigara kai staurara, kai ta trita hēmera egeiriti.and will deliver Him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged and crucified. And on the third day He will be raised to life.”
Matthew 27:31“crucify”kai hote empaizala auto, ekduala auton tan chlamuan kai enduala auton teim himatieim autou kai apagala auton eis tem staurara.After they had mocked Him, they removed the robe and put His own clothes back on Him. Then they led Him away to crucify Him.
John 19:10“crucify”legatō oun auto tos Pilatos; Mi ouk lalasō? ouk oidasē hoti exousian echamō apoluara sin kai exousian echamō staurara sin?So Pilate said to Him, “Do You refuse to speak to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release You and authority to crucify You?”
staurira“crucified”happened · the “to …” formaorist passive infinitive3×
Matthew 26:2“crucified”Oidavē hoti meta duo hēmerain tem pascha ginetō, kai tos huios tou anthrōpou paradōitō eis tem staurira.“You know that the Passover is two days away, and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified.”
Luke 23:23“crucified”tois de epikeiele fōnai megai aiterōtois auton staurira, kai katischuale tais fōnais autoiu.But they were insistent, demanding with loud voices for Jesus to be crucified. And their clamor prevailed.
Luke 24:7“crucified”legarōtos ton huion tou anthrōpou hoti datō paradōira eis cheirain anthrōpoiu hamartōloiu kai staurira kai ta trita hēmera anistanara.‘The Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and on the third day rise again.’ ”
stauraratois“crucified”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Matthew 27:35“crucified”stauraratois de auton diamerizela teim himatieim autou ballarōtois klēron,When they had crucified Him, they divided up His garments by casting lots.
staurirētos“crucified”has happened · subjectperfect passive participle nominative singular masculine1×
Galatians 3:1“crucified”Ō anoētoir Galatoir, tinos vin baskainata, hoi kata ofthalmoin Iēsus Christos prografita staurirētos?O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified.
staurirēton“crucified”has happened · objectperfect passive participle accusative singular masculine4×
Matthew 28:5“crucified”apokriniratos de tos angelos legata tai gunaikai; Mē fobevōr vis, oidamē gar hoti Iēsun ton staurirēton zētavō;But the angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified.
Mark 16:6“crucified”tos de legatō autai; Mē ekthambivōr; Iēsun zētavō ton Nazarēnon ton staurirēton; egeirita, ouk atō hōde; ide tos topos hopou tithala auton;But he said to them, “Do not be alarmed. You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen! He is not here! See the place where they put Him.
1 Corinthians 1:23“crucified”nis de kērussanō Christon staurirēton, Ioudaioi men skandalem ethnei de mōrian,but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles,
1 Corinthians 2:2“crucified”ouk gar krinama tinem oidarē en vi ei mē Iēsun Christon kai houton staurirēton;For I resolved to know nothing while I was with you except Jesus Christ and Him crucified.