verb
ofeilamō
Greekὀφείλω (ofeilō)
Strong’sG3784
I owe, ought
stem ofeil-35 times in the New Testamentin 13 of 27 books13 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
ὀφείλω,
[in LXX: De 15:2, Is 24:2 (נשׁה, נשׁא), Ez 18:7 (חוב), Wi 12:15, 20, al.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G3784 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidof-i'-lo
to owe (pecuniarily); figuratively, to be under obligation (ought, must, should); morally, to fail in duty
Fromprobably from the base of G3786 (through the idea of accruing);
King Jamesbehove, be bound, (be) debt(-or), (be) due(-ty), be guilty (indebted), (must) need(-s), ought, owe, should.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| ofeilasōὀφείλεις | happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular | owe | 3× |
| ofeilatōὀφείλει | happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular | ought | 11× |
| ofeilanōὀφείλομεν | happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural | ought | 7× |
| ofeilavōὀφείλετε | happening now · yepresent active indicative 2nd person plural | ought | 1× |
| ofeilalōὀφείλουσιν | happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural | ought | 2× |
| ofeilameὤφειλον | was happening · Iimperfect active indicative 1st person singular | ought | 1× |
| ofeilateὤφειλεν | was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular | owed | 3× |
| ofeilaneὠφείλομεν | was happening · weimperfect active indicative 1st person plural | ought | 1× |
| ofeilaveὠφείλετε | was happening · yeimperfect active indicative 2nd person plural | need | 1× |
| ofeilavōrὀφείλετε | happening now · yepresent active imperative 2nd person plural | owe | 1× |
| ofeilarōtoὀφείλοντι | happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative singular masculine | indebted | 1× |
| ofeilarōtoisὀφείλοντες | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine | ought | 1× |
| ofeilirōtemὀφειλόμενον | happening now · objectpresent passive participle direct singular neuter | debt | 2× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 30 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ofeilamō | ofeilame1×ὤφειλον | ofeilami | ofeilama | ofeilamē | ofeilamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | ofeilasō3×ὀφείλεις | ofeilase | ofeilasi | ofeilasa | ofeilasē | ofeilaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ofeilatō11×ὀφείλει | ofeilate3×ὤφειλεν | ofeilati | ofeilata | ofeilatē | ofeilatelē |
| we 1st person plural | ofeilanō7×ὀφείλομεν | ofeilane1×ὠφείλομεν | ofeilani | ofeilana | ofeilanē | ofeilanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | ofeilavō1×ὀφείλετε | ofeilave1×ὠφείλετε | ofeilavi | ofeilava | ofeilavē | ofeilavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | ofeilalō2×ὀφείλουσιν | ofeilale | ofeilali | ofeilala | ofeilalē | ofeilalelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ofeilimō | ofeilime | ofeilimi | ofeilima | ofeilimē | ofeilimelē |
| you 2nd person singular | ofeilisō | ofeilise | ofeilisi | ofeilisa | ofeilisē | ofeiliselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ofeilitō | ofeilite | ofeiliti | ofeilita | ofeilitē | ofeilitelē |
| we 1st person plural | ofeilinō | ofeiline | ofeilini | ofeilina | ofeilinē | ofeilinelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | ofeilivō | ofeilive | ofeilivi | ofeiliva | ofeilivē | ofeilivelē |
| they 3rd person plural | ofeililō | ofeilile | ofeilili | ofeilila | ofeililē | ofeililelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ofeilameiō | ofeilameia | ofeilameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | ofeilaseiō | ofeilaseia | ofeilaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ofeilateiō | ofeilateia | ofeilateiē |
| we 1st person plural | ofeilaneiō | ofeilaneia | ofeilaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | ofeilaveiō | ofeilaveia | ofeilaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | ofeilaleiō | ofeilaleia | ofeilaleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ofeilimeiō | ofeilimeia | ofeilimeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | ofeiliseiō | ofeiliseia | ofeiliseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ofeiliteiō | ofeiliteia | ofeiliteiē |
| we 1st person plural | ofeilineiō | ofeilineia | ofeilineiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | ofeiliveiō | ofeiliveia | ofeiliveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | ofeilileiō | ofeilileia | ofeilileiē |
Commands — imperative mood, 1 occurrence
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | ofeilasōr | ofeilasar | ofeilasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ofeilatōr | ofeilatar | ofeilatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | ofeilavōr1×ὀφείλετε | ofeilavar | ofeilavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | ofeilalōr | ofeilalar | ofeilalēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | ofeilisōr | ofeilisar | ofeilisēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ofeilitōr | ofeilitar | ofeilitēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | ofeilivōr | ofeilivar | ofeilivēr |
| they 3rd person plural | ofeililōr | ofeililar | ofeililēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ofeilamoiō | ofeilamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | ofeilasoiō | ofeilasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ofeilatoiō | ofeilatoia |
| we 1st person plural | ofeilanoiō | ofeilanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | ofeilavoiō | ofeilavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | ofeilaloiō | ofeilaloia |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | ofeilimoiō | ofeilimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | ofeilisoiō | ofeilisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | ofeilitoiō | ofeilitoia |
| we 1st person plural | ofeilinoiō | ofeilinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | ofeilivoiō | ofeilivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | ofeililoiō | ofeililoia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | ofeilarō | ofeilari | ofeilara | ofeilarē |
| acted on passive voice | ofeilirō | ofeiliri | ofeilira | ofeilirē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 4 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | ofeilarōtos2× | ofeilaritos | ofeilaratos | ofeilarētos |
| acted on passive voice | ofeilirōtos2× | ofeiliritos | ofeiliratos | ofeilirētos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
ofeil is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Where it appears
35 occurrences, every one of them listed
ofeilasō“owe”happening now · youpresent active indicative 2nd person singular3×
Matthew 18:28“owe”exercharatos de tos doulos ekeinos heuriskata henon toiu sundouloiu autou hos ofeilate auto hekaton dēnarieim, kai krataratos auton pnigate legarōtos; Apodōasar ei tinem ofeilasō.But when that servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii. He grabbed him and began to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you owe me!’
Luke 16:5“owe”kai proskaleratos henon hekaston toiu chreofeiletoiu tou kuriou heautou legate to prōto; Posem ofeilasō to kurio mu?And he called in each one of his master’s debtors. ‘How much do you owe my master?’ he asked the first.
Luke 16:7“owe”epeita hetero legata; Sis de posem ofeilasō? tos de legata; Hekaton koroin sitou; legatō auto; Dechesar su teim grammeim kai grafasar ogdoēkonta.Then he asked another, ‘And how much do you owe?’ ‘A hundred measures of wheat,’ he replied. ‘Take your bill and write eighty,’ he told him.
ofeilatō“ought”happening now · he/she/itpresent active indicative 3rd person singular11×
Matthew 23:16“bound”Ouai vi, hodēgoir tufloir toir legarōtoir; Hos an omnuateia en to nao, oudenem atō, hos de an omnuateia en to chruso tou naou ofeilatō.Woe to you, blind guides! You say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it means nothing; but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is bound by his oath.’
Matthew 23:18“bound”kai; Hos an omnuateia en te thusiastērie, oudenem atō, hos de an omnuateia en te dōre te epanō auteu ofeilatō.And you say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it means nothing; but if anyone swears by the gift on it, he is bound by his oath.’
John 19:7“ought”apokrinila auto tois Ioudaiois; Nis nomon echanō, kai kata ton nomon ofeilatō apothnēskara, hoti huion theou heauton poiata.“We have a law,” answered the Jews, “and according to that law He must die, because He declared Himself to be the Son of God.”
1 Corinthians 7:36“ought”Ei de tinos aschēmonarō epi tan parthenan autou nomizatō ean ateiō huperakmas, kai houtōs ofeilatō ginerō, hem thelatō poiatōr; ouk hamartatō; gamalōr.However, if someone thinks he is acting inappropriately toward his betrothed, and if she is beyond her youth and they ought to marry, let him do as he wishes; he is not sinning; they should get married.
1 Corinthians 9:10“ought”ē dia nin pantōs legatō? dia nin gar grafita, hoti ofeilatō epi elpia tos arotriarōtos arotriarō, kai tos aloarōtos epi elpia teu metecharō.Isn’t He actually speaking on our behalf? Indeed, this was written for us, because when the plowman plows and the thresher threshes, they should also expect to share in the harvest.
1 Corinthians 11:7“ought”anēros men gar ouk ofeilatō katakalupterō tan kefalan, eikōnas kai doxas theou huparcharōtos; tas gunaikas de doxas anērou atō.A man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but the woman is the glory of man.
1 Corinthians 11:10“ought”dia houtem ofeilatō tas gunaikas exousian echarō epi tau kefalau dia toin angeloin.For this reason a woman ought to have a sign of authority on her head, because of the angels.
2 Corinthians 12:14“ought”Idou tritem houtem hetoimōs echamō erchara pros vin, kai ouk katanarkami; ouk gar zētamō teim vu alla vin, ouk gar ofeilatō teim tekneim toi gonevoi thēsaurizarō, alla tois gonevois tei teknei.See, I am ready to come to you a third time, and I will not be a burden, because I am not seeking your possessions, but you. For children should not have to save up for their parents, but parents for their children.
Philemon 1:18“owes”ei de tinem adikata sin ē ofeilatō, houtem mi ellogasōr;But if he has wronged you in any way or owes you anything, charge it to my account.
Hebrews 5:3“obligated”kai dia autan ofeilatō, kathōs peri tou laou, houtōs kai peri heautou prosferarō peri hamartaiu.That is why he is obligated to offer sacrifices for his own sins, as well as for the sins of the people.
1 John 2:6“ought”tos legarōtos en auto menarō ofeilatō kathōs ekeinos peripatata kai autos peripatarō.Whoever claims to abide in Him must walk as Jesus walked.
ofeilanō“ought”happening now · wepresent active indicative 1st person plural7×
Acts 17:29“ought”genem oun huparcharōtois tou theou ouk ofeilanō nomizarō chruso ē arguro ē litho, charagme technau kai enthumēsiau anthrōpou, tem theiem arō homoiem.Therefore, being offspring of God, we should not think that the Divine Being is like gold or silver or stone, an image formed by man’s skill and imagination.
Romans 15:1“ought”Ofeilanō de nis tois dunatois teim asthenēmeim toiu adunatoiu bastazarō, kai mē heautoi areskarō.We who are strong ought to bear with the shortcomings of the weak and not to please ourselves.
2 Thessalonians 1:3“ought”Eucharistarō ofeilanō to theo pantote peri vu, adelfoir, kathōs axiem atō, hoti huperauxanatō tas pistias vu kai pleonazatō tas agapas henou hekastou pantoiu vu eis allēloin,We are obligated to thank God for you all the time, brothers, as is fitting, because your faith is growing more and more, and your love for one another is increasing.
2 Thessalonians 2:13“ought”Nis de ofeilanō eucharistarō to theo pantote peri vu, adelfoir agapirētoir hupo kuriou, hoti haireta vin tos theos aparchan eis sōtērēan en hagiasmo pneumeu kai pistia alētheiau,But we should always thank God for you, brothers who are loved by the Lord, because God chose you from the beginning to be saved by the sanctification of the Spirit and by faith in the truth.
1 John 3:16“ought”en houte gnōskanē tan agapan, hoti ekeinos huper nu tan psuchan autou tithata; kai nis ofeilanō huper toiu adelfoiu tain psuchain tithara.By this we know what love is: Jesus laid down His life for us, and we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers.
1 John 4:11“ought”agapētoir, ei houtōs tos theos agapata nin, kai nis ofeilanō allēloin agaparō.Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another.
3 John 1:8“ought”nis oun ofeilanō hupolambarō toin toioutoin, hina sunergois gineneiō ta alētheia.Therefore we ought to support such men, so that we may be fellow workers for the truth.
ofeilavō“ought”happening now · yepresent active indicative 2nd person plural1×
John 13:14“ought”ei oun mis niptama vu toin podoin tos kurios kai tos didaskalos, kai vis ofeilavō allēloiu niptarō toin podoin;So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also should wash one another’s feet.
ofeilalō“ought”happening now · theypresent active indicative 3rd person plural2×
Romans 15:27“ought”eudokala gar, kai ofeiletois alō autoiu; ei gar tei pneumatikei autoiu koinōnala teim ethneim, ofeilalō kai en tei sarkikei leitourgara autoi.They were pleased to do it, and indeed they owe it to them. For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual blessings, they are obligated to minister to them with material blessings.
Ephesians 5:28“ought”houtōs ofeilalō kai tois anērois agaparō tain heautoiu gunaikain hōs teim heautoiu sōmeim; tos agaparōtos tan heautou gunaikan heauton agapatō,In the same way, husbands ought to love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself.
ofeilame“ought”was happening · Iimperfect active indicative 1st person singular1×
2 Corinthians 12:11“ought”Ginamē afrōnos; vis min anankazava; mis gar ofeilame hupo vu sunistanirō. oudenem gar husterama toiu huperlian apostoloiu, ei kai oudenem amō;I have become a fool, but you drove me to it. In fact, you should have commended me, since I am in no way inferior to those “super-apostles,” even though I am nothing.
ofeilate“owed”was happening · he/she/itimperfect active indicative 3rd person singular3×
Matthew 18:28“owed”exercharatos de tos doulos ekeinos heuriskata henon toiu sundouloiu autou hos ofeilate auto hekaton dēnarieim, kai krataratos auton pnigate legarōtos; Apodōasar ei tinem ofeilasō.But when that servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii. He grabbed him and began to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you owe me!’
Luke 7:41“owed”duo chreofeiletois ale danisto tino; tos henos ofeilate dēnarieim pentakosioi, tos de heteros pentēkonta.“Two men were debtors to a certain moneylender. One owed him five hundred denarii, and the other fifty.
Hebrews 2:17“had to”hothen ofeilate kata panteim toi adelfoi homoiira, hina eleēmōnos gineteia kai pistos archierevos teim pros ton theon, eis tem hilaskirō tain hamartain tou laou;For this reason He had to be made like His brothers in every way, so that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest in service to God, in order to make atonement for the sins of the people.
ofeilane“ought”was happening · weimperfect active indicative 1st person plural1×
Luke 17:10“ought”houtōs kai vis, hotan poiaveia panteim teim diatassirateim vi, legavōr hoti Doulois achreiois anō, hem ofeilane poiara poianē.So you also, when you have done everything commanded of you, should say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have only done our duty.’”
ofeilave“need”was happening · yeimperfect active indicative 2nd person plural1×
1 Corinthians 5:10“need”ouk pantōs toi pornoi tou kosmou houtou ē toi pleonektoi kai harpaxoi ē eidōlolatroi, epei ofeilave ara ek tou kosmou exerchara.I was not including the sexually immoral of this world, or the greedy and swindlers, or idolaters. In that case you would have to leave this world.
ofeilavōr“owe”happening now · yepresent active imperative 2nd person plural1×
Romans 13:8“owe”Mēdeno mēdenem ofeilavōr, ei mē tem allēloin agaparō; tos gar agaparōtos ton heteron nomon plēratē.Be indebted to no one, except to one another in love. For he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law.
ofeilarōto“indebted”happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative singular masculine1×
Luke 11:4“indebted”kai afiēkasar ni tain hamartain nu, kai gar autois afiēkanō panto ofeilarōto ni; kai mē eisferaseia nin eis peirasmon.And forgive us our sins, for we also forgive everyone who sins against us. And lead us not into temptation.’”
ofeilarōtois“ought”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Hebrews 5:12“ought”kai gar ofeilarōtois arō didaskalois dia ton chronon, palin chreian echavō teu didaskarō vin tinon teim stoicheieim tau archau teiu logieiu tou theou, kai ginavē chreian echarōtois galeu, ouk stereau trofēau.Although by this time you ought to be teachers, you need someone to reteach you the basic principles of God’s word. You need milk, not solid food!
ofeilirōtem“debt”happening now · objectpresent passive participle direct singular neuter2×
Matthew 18:30“debt”tos de ouk thelate, alla apercharatos ballata auton eis fulakan heōs hou apodōateia tem ofeilirōtem.But he refused. Instead, he went and had the man thrown into prison until he could pay his debt.
Matthew 18:34“owed”kai orgiziratos tos kurios autou paradōata auton toi basanistoi heōs hou apodōateia pantem tem ofeilirōtem.In anger his master turned him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should repay all that he owed.