verb
epistrefamō
Greekἐπιστρέφω (epistrefō)
Strong’sG1994
I turn back to
stem epistref-36 times in the New Testamentin 12 of 27 books18 forms occur
Translated as
What it means
ἐπι-στρέφω
[very freq. in LXX, chiefly for שׁוּב, in its various senses, also for פָּנָה, etc.;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G1994 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Forms in the New Testament
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| epistrefavōἐπιστρέφετε | happening now · yepresent active indicative 2nd person plural | turn back | 1× |
| epistrefamiἐπιστρέψω | will happen · Ifuture active indicative 1st person singular | return | 1× |
| epistrefatiἐπιστρέψει | will happen · he/she/itfuture active indicative 3rd person singular | turn | 1× |
| epistrefamaἐπέστρεψα | happened · Iaorist active indicative 1st person singular | turned | 1× |
| epistrefataἐπέστρεψεν | happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular | turned | 2× |
| epistrefavaἐπεστρέψατε | happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural | turned | 1× |
| epistrefalaἐπέστρεψαν | happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural | turned | 2× |
| epistrefivaἐπεστράφητε | happened · yeaorist passive indicative 2nd person plural | returned | 1× |
| epistrefateiaἐπιστρέψῃ | happened · he/she/itaorist active subjunctive 3rd person singular | turns | 3× |
| epistrefaleiaἐπιστρέψωσιν | happened · theyaorist active subjunctive 3rd person plural | turn | 3× |
| epistrefatarἐπιστρεψάτω | happened · he/she/itaorist active imperative 3rd person singular | turn | 3× |
| epistrefavarἐπιστρέψατε | happened · yeaorist active imperative 2nd person plural | turn back | 1× |
| epistrefitarἐπιστραφήτω | happened · he/she/itaorist passive imperative 3rd person singular | return | 1× |
| epistrefaraἐπιστρέφειν | happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive | turn | 4× |
| epistrefarōtoiἐπιστρέφουσιν | happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative plural masculine | turning | 1× |
| epistrefaratosἐπιστρέψας | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine | turned | 6× |
| epistrefaratoisἘπιστρέψαντες | happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine | return | 1× |
| epistrefiratosἐπιστραφεὶς | happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative singular masculine | turned | 3× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 172, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 10 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epistrefamō | epistrefame | epistrefami1×ἐπιστρέψω | epistrefama1×ἐπέστρεψα | epistrefamē | epistrefamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | epistrefasō | epistrefase | epistrefasi | epistrefasa | epistrefasē | epistrefaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epistrefatō | epistrefate | epistrefati1×ἐπιστρέψει | epistrefata2×ἐπέστρεψεν | epistrefatē | epistrefatelē |
| we 1st person plural | epistrefanō | epistrefane | epistrefani | epistrefana | epistrefanē | epistrefanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | epistrefavō1×ἐπιστρέφετε | epistrefave | epistrefavi | epistrefava1×ἐπεστρέψατε | epistrefavē | epistrefavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | epistrefalō | epistrefale | epistrefali | epistrefala2×ἐπέστρεψαν | epistrefalē | epistrefalelē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epistrefimō | epistrefime | epistrefimi | epistrefima | epistrefimē | epistrefimelē |
| you 2nd person singular | epistrefisō | epistrefise | epistrefisi | epistrefisa | epistrefisē | epistrefiselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epistrefitō | epistrefite | epistrefiti | epistrefita | epistrefitē | epistrefitelē |
| we 1st person plural | epistrefinō | epistrefine | epistrefini | epistrefina | epistrefinē | epistrefinelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | epistrefivō | epistrefive | epistrefivi | epistrefiva1×ἐπεστράφητε | epistrefivē | epistrefivelē |
| they 3rd person plural | epistrefilō | epistrefile | epistrefili | epistrefila | epistrefilē | epistrefilelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 6 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epistrefameiō | epistrefameia | epistrefameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | epistrefaseiō | epistrefaseia | epistrefaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epistrefateiō | epistrefateia3×ἐπιστρέψῃ | epistrefateiē |
| we 1st person plural | epistrefaneiō | epistrefaneia | epistrefaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | epistrefaveiō | epistrefaveia | epistrefaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | epistrefaleiō | epistrefaleia3×ἐπιστρέψωσιν | epistrefaleiē |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epistrefimeiō | epistrefimeia | epistrefimeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | epistrefiseiō | epistrefiseia | epistrefiseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epistrefiteiō | epistrefiteia | epistrefiteiē |
| we 1st person plural | epistrefineiō | epistrefineia | epistrefineiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | epistrefiveiō | epistrefiveia | epistrefiveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | epistrefileiō | epistrefileia | epistrefileiē |
Commands — imperative mood, 5 occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | epistrefasōr | epistrefasar | epistrefasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epistrefatōr | epistrefatar3×ἐπιστρεψάτω | epistrefatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | epistrefavōr | epistrefavar1×ἐπιστρέψατε | epistrefavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | epistrefalōr | epistrefalar | epistrefalēr |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | epistrefisōr | epistrefisar | epistrefisēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epistrefitōr | epistrefitar1×ἐπιστραφήτω | epistrefitēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | epistrefivōr | epistrefivar | epistrefivēr |
| they 3rd person plural | epistrefilōr | epistrefilar | epistrefilēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
the subject acts active voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epistrefamoiō | epistrefamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | epistrefasoiō | epistrefasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epistrefatoiō | epistrefatoia |
| we 1st person plural | epistrefanoiō | epistrefanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | epistrefavoiō | epistrefavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | epistrefaloiō | epistrefaloia |
acted on passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | epistrefimoiō | epistrefimoia |
| you 2nd person singular | epistrefisoiō | epistrefisoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | epistrefitoiō | epistrefitoia |
| we 1st person plural | epistrefinoiō | epistrefinoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | epistrefivoiō | epistrefivoia |
| they 3rd person plural | epistrefiloiō | epistrefiloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, 4 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | epistrefarō | epistrefari | epistrefara4×ἐπιστρέφειν | epistrefarē |
| acted on passive voice | epistrefirō | epistrefiri | epistrefira | epistrefirē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 11 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | epistrefarōtos1× | epistrefaritos | epistrefaratos7×ἐπιστρέψας | epistrefarētos |
| acted on passive voice | epistrefirōtos | epistrefiritos | epistrefiratos3×ἐπιστραφεὶς | epistrefirētos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
epistref is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
36 occurrences, every one of them listed
epistrefavō“turn back”happening now · yepresent active indicative 2nd person plural1×
Galatians 4:9“turn back”nun de gnōskaratois theon, mallon de gnōskiratois hupo theou, pōs epistrefavō palin epi teim astheneim kai ptōcheim stoicheieim, hei palin anōthen douleuarō thelavō?But now that you know God, or rather are known by God, how is it that you are turning back to those weak and worthless principles? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again?
epistrefami“return”will happen · Ifuture active indicative 1st person singular1×
Matthew 12:44“return”tote legatō; Eis ton oikon mu epistrefami hothen exerchama; kai ercharatem heuriskatō scholazarōton sarirēton kai kosmirēton.Then it says, ‘I will return to the house I left.’ On its return, it finds the house vacant, swept clean, and put in order.
epistrefati“turn”will happen · he/she/itfuture active indicative 3rd person singular1×
Luke 1:16“turn”kai polloin toiu huioiu Israēl epistrefati epi kurion ton theon autoiu;Many of the sons of Israel he will turn back to the Lord their God.
epistrefama“turned”happened · Iaorist active indicative 1st person singular1×
Revelation 1:12“turned”Kai epistrefama bleparō tan fōnan hotinas lalate meta mu; kai epistrefaratos horama hepta luchnain chrusouain,Then I turned to see the voice that was speaking with me. And having turned, I saw seven golden lampstands,
epistrefata“turned”happened · he/she/itaorist active indicative 3rd person singular2×
Luke 8:55“returned”kai epistrefata tem pneumem autau, kai anistanata parachrēma, kai diatassata auta dōira esthiara.Her spirit returned, and at once she got up. And He directed that she be given something to eat.
Acts 11:21“turned”kai ate cheiras kuriou meta autoiu, pollos tē arithmos tos pisteuaratos epistrefata epi ton kurion.The hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number of people believed and turned to the Lord.
epistrefava“turned”happened · yeaorist active indicative 2nd person plural1×
1 Thessalonians 1:9“turned”autois gar peri nu apangellalō hopoian eisodan echana pros vin, kai pōs epistrefava pros ton theon apo teiu eidōleiu douleuarō theo zōarōto kai alēthino,For they themselves report what kind of welcome you gave us, and how you turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God
epistrefala“turned”happened · theyaorist active indicative 3rd person plural2×
Luke 2:39“returned”Kai hōs telala panteim teim kata ton nomon kuriou, epistrefala eis tan Galilaian eis politan heautoiu Nazareth.When Jesus’ parents had done everything required by the Law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.
Acts 9:35“turned”kai horala auton pantois tois katoikarōtois Luddan kai ton Sarōnon, hotinois epistrefala epi ton kurion.and all who lived in Lydda and Sharon saw him and turned to the Lord.
epistrefiva“returned”happened · yeaorist passive indicative 2nd person plural1×
1 Peter 2:25“returned”ave gar hōs probateim planirōtois, alla epistrefiva nun epi ton poimēnon kai episkopon taiu psuchaiu vu.For “you were like sheep going astray,” but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls.
epistrefateia“turns”happened · he/she/itaorist active subjunctive 3rd person singular3×
Luke 17:4“returns”kai ean heptakis tau hēmerau hamartateia eis sin kai heptakis epistrefateia pros sin legarōtos; Metanoamō, afiēkasi auto.Even if he sins against you seven times in a day, and seven times returns to say, ‘I repent,’ you must forgive him.”
2 Corinthians 3:16“turns”hēnika de ean epistrefateia pros kurion, periairitō tem kalummem.But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.
James 5:19“turns … back”Adelfoir mu, ean tinos en vi planiteia apo tau alētheiau kai epistrefateia tinos auton,My brothers, if one of you should wander from the truth and someone should bring him back,
epistrefaleia“turn”happened · theyaorist active subjunctive 3rd person plural3×
Matthew 13:15“turn”pachunita gar tas kardias tou laou houtou, kai tei ouei bareōs akouala, kai toin ofthalmoin autoiu kammuala; mēpote horaleia toi ofthalmoi kai tei ouei akoualeia kai ta kardia suniēkaleia kai epistrefaleia, kai iemi autoin.For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’
Mark 4:12“turn”hina bleparōtois blepaleiō kai mē horaleia, kai akouarōtois akoualeiō kai mē suniēkaleiō, mēpote epistrefaleia kai afiēkiteia autoi.so that, ‘they may be ever seeing but never perceiving, and ever hearing but never understanding; otherwise they might turn and be forgiven.’”
Acts 28:27“turn”pachunita gar tas kardias tou laou houtou, kai tei ouei bareōs akouala, kai toin ofthalmoin autoiu kammuala; mēpote horaleia toi ofthalmoi kai tei ouei akoualeia kai ta kardia suniēkaleia kai epistrefaleia, kai iemi autoin.For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’
epistrefatar“turn”happened · he/she/itaorist active imperative 3rd person singular3×
Matthew 24:18“turn”kai tos en to agro mē epistrefatar opisō airara tem himatiem autou.And let no one in the field return for his cloak.
Mark 13:16“turn back”kai tos eis ton agron mē epistrefatar eis teim opisō airara tem himatiem autou.And let no one in the field return for his cloak.
Luke 17:31“turn”en ekeina ta hēmera hos eti epi teu dōmeu kai teim skeueim autou en ta oikia, mē katabainatar airara auteim, kai tos en agro homoiōs mē epistrefatar eis teim opisō.On that day, let no one on the housetop come down to retrieve his possessions. Likewise, let no one in the field return for anything he has left behind.
epistrefavar“turn back”happened · yeaorist active imperative 2nd person plural1×
Acts 3:19“turn back”metanoavar oun kai epistrefavar pros tem exaleifira vu tain hamartain,Repent, then, and turn back, so that your sins may be wiped away,
epistrefitar“return”happened · he/she/itaorist passive imperative 3rd person singular1×
Matthew 10:13“return”kai ean men ateiō tas oikias axias, erchatar tas eirēnas vu epi autan; ean de mē ateiō axias, tas eirēnas vu pros vin epistrefitar.If the home is worthy, let your peace rest on it, but if it is not, let your peace return to you.
epistrefara“turn”happened · the “to …” formaorist active infinitive4×
Luke 1:17“turn”kai autos proercheti enōpion autou en pneume kai dunamia Ēliaou, epistrefara kardiain patēroiu epi tekneim kai apeithoin en fronēsia dikaioiu, hetoimazara kurio laon kataskeuazirēton.And he will go on before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous — to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”
Acts 14:15“turn”kai legarōtois; Anēroir, tinem houteim poiavō? kai nis homoiopathois anō vi anthrōpois, euangelizerōtois vin apo houteiu teiu mataieiu epistrefara epi theon zōarōton hos poiata ton ouranon kai tan gēan kai tan thalassan kai panteim teim en autei;“Men, why are you doing this? We too are only men, human like you. We are bringing you good news that you should turn from these worthless things to the living God, who made heaven and earth and sea and everything in them.
Acts 26:18“turn”anoigara ofthalmoin autoiu, teu epistrefara apo skoteu eis fōtem kai tau exousiau tou Satanaou epi ton theon, teu lambara autoin afesian hamartaiu kai klēron en toi hagiazirētoi pistia ta eis min.to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those sanctified by faith in Me.’
Acts 26:20“turn”alla toi en Damaska prōtem tē kai Hierosolumei, pantan tē tan chōran tau Ioudaiau, kai tei ethnei apangellame metanoarō kai epistrefara epi ton theon, axieim tau metanoiau ergeim prassarōtoin.First to those in Damascus and Jerusalem, then to everyone in the region of Judea, and then to the Gentiles, I declared that they should repent and turn to God, performing deeds worthy of their repentance.
epistrefarōtoi“turning”happening now · to, forpresent active participle dative plural masculine1×
Acts 15:19“turning”dio mis krinamō mē parenochlarō toi apo teiu ethneiu epistrefarōtoi epi ton theon,It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not cause trouble for the Gentiles who are turning to God.
epistrefaratos“turned”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative singular masculine6×
Luke 22:32“turned back”mis de dima peri su hina mē ekleipateia tas pistias su; kai sis pote epistrefaratos stērizasar toin adelfoin su.But I have prayed for you, Simon, that your faith will not fail. And when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”
Acts 9:40“turning”ekballaratos de exō pantoin tos Petros kai titharatos teim gonueim proseucheta, kai epistrefaratos pros tem sōmem legata; Tabitha, anistanasar. tas de anoigata toin ofthalmoin autau, kai horaratas ton Petron anakathizata.Then Peter sent them all out of the room. He knelt down and prayed, and turning toward her body, he said, “Tabitha, get up!” She opened her eyes, and seeing Peter, she sat up.
Acts 16:18“turned”houtem de poiate epi pollain hēmerain. diaponiratos de Paulos kai epistrefaratos te pneume legata; Parangellamō si en onome Iēsu Christou exerchara apo autau; kai exerchata auta ta hōra.She continued this for many days. Eventually Paul grew so aggravated that he turned and said to the spirit, “In the name of Jesus Christ I command you to come out of her!” And the spirit left her at that very moment.
James 5:20“turns”gnōskatōr hoti tos epistrefaratos hamartōlon ek planau hodau autou sōzati psuchan autou ek thanatou kai kaluptati plēthem hamartaiu.consider this: Whoever turns a sinner from the error of his way will save his soul from death and cover over a multitude of sins.
2 Peter 2:22“returns”sumbainatē autoi tem tau alēthau paroimiau; Kuōnos epistrefaratos epi tem idiem exeramem, kai; Huas loueratas eis kulismon borborou.Of them the proverbs are true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and, “A sow that is washed goes back to her wallowing in the mud.”
Revelation 1:12“turned”Kai epistrefama bleparō tan fōnan hotinas lalate meta mu; kai epistrefaratos horama hepta luchnain chrusouain,Then I turned to see the voice that was speaking with me. And having turned, I saw seven golden lampstands,
epistrefaratois“return”happened · subjectaorist active participle nominative plural masculine1×
Acts 15:36“return”Meta de tinain hēmerain legata pros Barnabaon Paulos; Epistrefaratois dē episkepteneia toin adelfoin kata politan pantan en hai katangellana ton logon tou kuriou, pōs echalō.Some time later Paul said to Barnabas, “Let us go back and visit the brothers in every town where we proclaimed the word of the Lord, to see how they are doing.”
epistrefiratos“turned”happened · subjectaorist passive participle nominative singular masculine3×
Mark 5:30“turned around”kai euthuos tos Iēsus epignōskaratos en heauto tan ek autou dunamian exercharatan epistrefiratos en to ochlo legate; Tinos mu hapteta teiu himatieiu?At once Jesus was aware that power had gone out from Him. Turning to the crowd, He asked, “Who touched My garments?”
Mark 8:33“turning around”tos de epistrefiratos kai horaratos toin mathētoin autou epitimata Petro kai legatō; Hupagasōr opisō mu, Satanaor, hoti ouk fronasō teim tou theou alla teim toiu anthrōpoiu.But Jesus, turning and looking at His disciples, rebuked Peter and said, “Get behind Me, Satan! For you do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men.”
John 21:20“turned”Epistrefiratos tos Petros blepatō ton mathēton hon agapate tos Iēsus akoloutharōton, hos kai anapiptata en te deipne epi tem stēthem autou kai legata; Kurior, tinos atō tos paradōarōtos sin?Peter turned and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them. He was the one who had leaned back against Jesus at the supper to ask, “Lord, who is going to betray You?”