verb
esthamō
Strong’sG2068
I eat
stem esth-once in the New Testament1 forms occur
What it means
What the word means, in the words of the lexicons out of copyright — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones, wherever each has an entry for it.
ἐσθίω, and (poet, and late prose) ἔσθω,
[in LXX chiefly for אכל;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G2068 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saides-thee'-o
used only in certain tenses, the rest being supplied by G5315; to eat (usually literal)
Fromstrengthened for a primary ἔδω (to eat);
King Jamesdevour, eat, live.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
(compare ἔσθω, ἔδω, the latter of which is the radical form, and supplies future and perfect of ἐσθίω), imperfect ἤσθιον Refs 8th c.BC+future ἔδομαι (old present subjunctive of non-thematic stem) Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; ἐδοῦμαι late, (προκατ-) Refs 2nd c.AD+: perfect ἐδήδοκα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle ἐδηδώς, -υῖα, Refs 8th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐδηδόκειν Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, aorist 1 ἠδεσάμην (κατ-) Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, ἐσθίομαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist 1 ἠδέσθην variant in Refs 5th c.BC+perfect ἐδήδεσμαι (κατ-) Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἐδήδοται Refs 8th c.BC+ — The aorist 2 and later also the future are supplied by φαγ- (see. φαγεῖν); in Ionic dialect and Hellenistic Greek the perfect is βέβρωκα βέβρωμαι, aorist passive ἐβρώθη; in late Greek the present is τρώγω:—eat, ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ ἐσθίοντα ἐν στρατιᾷ the ration-strength, Refs 8th c.BC+eat of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals, devour, ἤσθιε δ᾽ ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος Refs 8th c.BC+; consume, βίοτον καὶ κτήματ᾽ ἔδονται Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, ἐσθίεταί μοι οἶκος my house is eaten up, I am eaten out of house and home,Refs
2 metaphorically, πάντας πῦρ ἐσθίει the fire devours all, Refs 8th c.BC+; of an eating sore, Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, ὀδόντες ἐσθιόμενοι decayed teeth, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐσθιόμενα eroded parts of the bowel, Refs 5th c.BC+
3 fret, vex, ἐ. ἑαυτόν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. τὴν χελύνην ὑπ᾽ ὀργῆς to bite the lip,Refs 4th c.BC+
4 take in one's mouth, γλῶτταν αὐλοῦ Refs 2nd c.AD+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| estharōntosἔσθων | happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine | ate | 1× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | esthamō | esthame | esthami | esthama | esthamē | esthamelē |
| you 2nd person singular | esthasō | esthase | esthasi | esthasa | esthasē | esthaselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | esthatō | esthate | esthati | esthata | esthatē | esthatelē |
| we 1st person plural | esthanō | esthane | esthani | esthana | esthanē | esthanelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | esthavō | esthave | esthavi | esthava | esthavē | esthavelē |
| they 3rd person plural | esthalō | esthale | esthali | esthala | esthalē | esthalelē |
May, might — subjunctive mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | esthameiō | esthameia | esthameiē |
| you 2nd person singular | esthaseiō | esthaseia | esthaseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | esthateiō | esthateia | esthateiē |
| we 1st person plural | esthaneiō | esthaneia | esthaneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | esthaveiō | esthaveia | esthaveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | esthaleiō | esthaleia | esthaleiē |
Commands — imperative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | esthasōr | esthasar | esthasēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | esthatōr | esthatar | esthatēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | esthavōr | esthavar | esthavēr |
| they 3rd person plural | esthalōr | esthalar | esthalēr |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
| Who person | happening now present | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | esthamoiō | esthamoia |
| you 2nd person singular | esthasoiō | esthasoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | esthatoiō | esthatoia |
| we 1st person plural | esthanoiō | esthanoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | esthavoiō | esthavoia |
| they 3rd person plural | esthaloiō | esthaloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | estharō | esthari | esthara | estharē |
Used as an adjective — participle, 1 occurrence
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the subject acts active voice | estharōntos1×ἔσθων | estharintos | estharantos | estharēntos |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
esth is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Words built on the same stem
Other words sharing the exact same stem — not merely related in meaning.
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
1 occurrence, every one of them listed
estharōntos“ate”happening now · subjectpresent active participle nominative singular masculine1×
Mark 1:6“ate”… dermatinan peri tan osfuan autou, kai estharōntos akridain kai melitem agriem.… with a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey.