verb
proskalomō
Strong’sG4341
I summon
stem proskal-29 times in the New Testamentin 5 of 27 books8 forms occur
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
To summon or call to oneself: to call someone so that they come near, especially to invite them to one's own presence or side 1234. This is most often used of a person calling others to themselves, such as a teacher calling disciples or a leader calling for someone to attend them 1. It also describes a divine call, an inviting or summoning by God 1.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
προσ-καλέω, -ῶ,
[in LXX chiefly for קרא;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4341 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
call on, summon, τινας Refs 5th c.BC+; address, accost, ὀνόματι Refs 2nd c.AD+
2 metaphorically, call forth, excite, ἔκκρισιν Refs 2nd c.AD+
II middle with perfect passive (see. below), call to oneself, invite, summon, τινα variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; especially call to one's aid, τινα Philipp. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; τινὰ ἐς τὴν πολιτείαν uncertain reading in Refs 1st c.AD+ to which I have called them, NT
II.2 as law-term, of an accuser, cite or summon into court, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τινὰ ὕβρεως lay an action for assault, Refs; in full, π. δίκην ἀσεβείας πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be summoned, λιποταξίου, ξενίας, on a charge of.. , Refs 4th c.BC+; ὑπομεῖναι προσκληθεὶς δίκην εἰς Ἄρειον πάγον submitted to be summoned.. before the Areopagus, Refs; προσκληθείς summoned, Refs 5th c.BC+; παρὰ τοῦ.. ἔχοντος τὸν κλῆρον προσκαλεῖσθαι that citation should be made of the party in possession, Refs 4th c.BC+; compare πρόσκλησις.
II.3 cite as witness, Refs 5th c.BC+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
What the New Testament actually uses, first — the whole system this verb is built from is one click further down.
| Form and the Greek behind it | What it is | Usually | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| proskalotōπροσκαλεῖται | happening now · he/she/itpresent middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular | called | 2× |
| proskaletaπροσεκαλέσατο | happened · he/she/itaorist middle indicative 3rd person singular | called | 1× |
| proskalomēπροσκέκλημαι | has happened · Iperfect middle or passive indicative 1st person singular | called | 1× |
| proskalotēπροσκέκληται | has happened · he/she/itperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular | called | 1× |
| proskaleteiaπροσκαλέσηται | happened · he/she/itaorist middle subjunctive 3rd person singular | call | 1× |
| proskaletarπροσκαλεσάσθω | happened · he/she/itaorist middle imperative 3rd person singular | call for | 1× |
| proskalerantosπροσκαλεσάμενος | happened · subjectaorist middle participle nominative singular masculine | called | 20× |
| proskalerantoisπροσκαλεσάμενοι | happened · subjectaorist middle participle nominative plural masculine | summoned | 2× |
Every form the New Testament uses, in paradigm order. What the system can build beyond them — the whole of this verb, whether the text happens to use it or not — is in the tables below.
Every form the system can build — all 86, by mood, including the ones the New Testament never uses
Statements — indicative mood, 5 occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | was happening imperfect | has happened perfect | had happened pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskalomō | proskalome | proskalomē1×προσκέκλημαι | proskalomelē |
| you 2nd person singular | proskalosō | proskalose | proskalosē | proskaloselē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskalotō2×προσκαλεῖται | proskalote | proskalotē1×προσκέκληται | proskalotelē |
| we 1st person plural | proskalonō | proskalone | proskalonē | proskalonelē |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskalovō | proskalove | proskalovē | proskalovelē |
| they 3rd person plural | proskalolō | proskalole | proskalolē | proskalolelē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | will happen future | happened aorist |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskalemi | proskalema |
| you 2nd person singular | proskalesi | proskalesa |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskaleti | proskaleta1×προσεκαλέσατο |
| we 1st person plural | proskaleni | proskalena |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskalevi | proskaleva |
| they 3rd person plural | proskaleli | proskalela |
May, might — subjunctive mood, 1 occurrence
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskalomeiō | proskalomeiē |
| you 2nd person singular | proskaloseiō | proskaloseiē |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskaloteiō | proskaloteiē |
| we 1st person plural | proskaloneiō | proskaloneiē |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskaloveiō | proskaloveiē |
| they 3rd person plural | proskaloleiō | proskaloleiē |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskalemeia |
| you 2nd person singular | proskaleseia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskaleteia1×προσκαλέσηται |
| we 1st person plural | proskaleneia |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskaleveia |
| they 3rd person plural | proskaleleia |
Commands — imperative mood, 1 occurrence
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | proskalosōr | proskalosēr |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskalotōr | proskalotēr |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskalovōr | proskalovēr |
| they 3rd person plural | proskalolōr | proskalolēr |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| you 2nd person singular | proskalesar |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskaletar1×προσκαλεσάσθω |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskalevar |
| they 3rd person plural | proskalelar |
Wishes — optative mood, no occurrences
acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice
| Who person | happening now present |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskalomoiō |
| you 2nd person singular | proskalosoiō |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskalotoiō |
| we 1st person plural | proskalonoiō |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskalovoiō |
| they 3rd person plural | proskaloloiō |
acts on or for itself middle voice
| Who person | happened aorist |
|---|---|
| I 1st person singular | proskalemoia |
| you 2nd person singular | proskalesoia |
| he/she/it 3rd person singular | proskaletoia |
| we 1st person plural | proskalenoia |
| ye 2nd person plural | proskalevoia |
| they 3rd person plural | proskaleloia |
The “to …” form — infinitive, no occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | proskalorō | proskalorē | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | proskaleri | proskalera |
Used as an adjective — participle, 22 occurrences
| Who is acting voice | happening now present | will happen future | happened aorist | has happened perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acts on itself, or is acted on middle or passive voice | proskalorōntos | proskalorēntos | ||
| acts on or for itself middle voice | proskalerintos | proskalerantos22×προσκαλεσάμενος |
Each is given in the form it takes as a subject. From there a participle carries the ordinary noun endings, in every case, number and gender — so these four columns are the whole of what the verb contributes.
How every form is built — the slots that make them
proskal is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
29 occurrences, every one of them listed
proskalotō“called”happening now · he/she/itpresent middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular2×
Mark 3:13Kai anabainatō eis tem orem kai proskalotō hoin thelate autos, kai aperchala pros …… went up on the mountain and called for those He wanted, and they …
Mark 6:7kai proskalotō toin dōdeka, kai archeta autoin apostelarō …Then Jesus called the Twelve to Him and began …
proskaleta“called”happened · he/she/itaorist middle indicative 3rd person singular1×
Luke 18:16tos de Iēsus proskaleta auteim legarōntos; Afiēkavar teim paidieim erchorō …But Jesus called the children to Him and said …
proskalomē“called”has happened · Iperfect middle or passive indicative 1st person singular1×
Acts 13:2… kai Saulon eis tem ergem hem proskalomē autoin.… the work to which I have called them.”
proskalotē“called”has happened · he/she/itperfect middle or passive indicative 3rd person singular1×
Acts 16:10… zētana exerchara eis Makedonian, sumbibazarōntois hoti proskalotē nin tos theos euangelizera autoin.… for Macedonia, concluding that God had called us to preach the gospel to …
proskaleteia“call”happened · he/she/itaorist middle subjunctive 3rd person singular1×
Acts 2:39… pantoi toi eis makran hosoin an proskaleteia kurios tos theos nu.… whom the Lord our God will call to Himself.”
proskaletar“call for”happened · he/she/itaorist middle imperative 3rd person singular1×
James 5:14“call for”asthenatō tinos en vi? proskaletar toin presbuteroin tau ekklēsau, kai proseuchelar …… one of you sick? He should call the elders of the church to pray over him and anoint him …
proskalerantos“called”happened · subjectaorist middle participle nominative singular masculine20×
Matthew 10:1“called”Kai proskalerantos toin dōdeka mathētoin autou dōata autoi …And calling His twelve disciples to Him, Jesus gave them authority over …
Matthew 15:10Kai proskalerantos ton ochlon legata autoi; Akouavōr kai …Jesus called the crowd to Him and said …
Matthew 15:32Tos de Iēsus proskalerantos toin mathētoin autou legata; Splanchnizomō epi …Then Jesus called His disciples to Him and said …
Matthew 18:2“called”kai proskalerantos paidiem stēata autem en mese autoiu… a little child to stand among them.
Matthew 18:32tote proskalerantos auton tos kurios autou legatō auto; …Then the master summoned him and said, ‘You wicked servant …
Matthew 20:25tos de Iēsus proskalerantos autoin legata; Oidavē hoti tois archontois …But Jesus called them aside and said, “You know …
Mark 3:23kai proskalerantos autoin en parabolai legate autoi; Pōs …So Jesus called them together and began to speak …
Mark 7:14Kai proskalerantos palin ton ochlon legate autoi; Akouavar …Once again Jesus called the crowd to Him and said …
Mark 8:1… arōntou kai mē echarōntoiu tinem esthialeia, proskalerantos toin mathētoin legatō autoi;… they had nothing to eat. Jesus called the disciples to Him and said,
Mark 8:34Kai proskalerantos ton ochlon sun toi mathētoi autou …Then Jesus called the crowd to Him along with …
Mark 10:42kai proskalerantos autoin tos Iēsus legatō autoi; Oidavē …So Jesus called them together and said, “You know …
Mark 12:43“summoning”kai proskalerantos toin mathētoin autou legata autoi; Amēn …Jesus called His disciples to Him and said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more than all the others into …
Mark 15:44“summoning”… Pilatos thaumazata ei ēdē thnēskatē, kai proskalerantos ton kenturiōnon eperōtata auton ei palai …Pilate was surprised to hear that Jesus was already dead, so he summoned the centurion to ask …
Luke 7:18“calling”… mathētois autou peri panteiu houteiu. kai proskalerantos duo tinoin toiu mathētoiu autou tos …Then John’s disciples informed him about all these things.
Luke 15:26kai proskalerantos henon toiu paidoiu punthanote tinem an …So he called one of the servants and asked …
Luke 16:5“summoned”kai proskalerantos henon hekaston toiu chreofeiletoiu tou kuriou …… called in each one of his master’s debtors. ‘How much …
Acts 13:7… anthupato Sergio Paulo, andro suneto. houtos proskalerantos Barnabon kai Saulon epizētata akouara ton …… The proconsul, a man of intelligence, summoned Barnabas and Saul because he wanted …
Acts 23:17proskalerantos de tos Paulos henon toiu hekatontarchēoiu …Then Paul called one of the centurions and said …
Acts 23:18“called”… chiliarchon kai fēatō; Tos desmios Paulos proskalerantos min erōtata houton ton neanion agara …… to the commander and said, “Paul the prisoner sent and asked me to bring this young man to you …
Acts 23:23“summoned”Kai proskalerantos tinoin duo toiu hekatontarchēoiu legata; Hetoimazavar …… of his centurions and said, “Prepare two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen, and two hundred spearmen to go to Caesarea in the third hour …
proskalerantois“summoned”happened · subjectaorist middle participle nominative plural masculine2×
Acts 5:40“called in”kai proskalerantois toin apostoloin derarantois parangelala mē lalarō …… They called the apostles in and had them flogged. Then they ordered them not to speak in the …
Acts 6:2proskalerantois de tois dōdeka tem plēthem toiu …So the Twelve summoned all the disciples and said, “It …