noun · neuter
sōmem
Strong’sG4983
body, flesh
stem sōm-142 times in the New Testamentin 18 of 27 books5 of 6 forms occur
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
σῶμα (sōma) means a body – most often the physical body of a human being or animal, whether living or dead 1234. In earlier Greek usage it denoted specifically a dead body, a corpse, while a distinct word covered the living body, but by the time of the New Testament the same word is used for both the living body 13 and the dead body 13. It can refer to the body as the seat of bodily life and health, and as the counterpart of the soul or spirit within a person 13.
The word is also used, especially in later Greek, as a way of referring to a person as a whole, standing in for "a human being," and in this same usage it can specifically mean a slave 13.
σῶμα further extends to any bodily or corporeal substance, including inanimate objects — for example the stars and other "heavenly bodies" — as opposed to a mere shadow 13.
Beyond the literal body, σῶμα is used figuratively of a group of people joined together as one unit; in the New Testament this describes the Church as the body of Christ, made up of many members united as one 13.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
σῶμα, -τος, τό,
[in LXX for גְּוִיָּה,בָּשָׂר, etc., and for Aram. נְבֵלָה;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G4983 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidso'-mah
the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively
Fromfrom G4982;
King Jamesbodily, body, slave.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
Refs 4th c.AD+ dative plural σωμάτεσι Refs 3rd c.BC+, body of man or beast, but in Refs 8th c.BC+, always dead body, corpse (whereas the living body is δέμας), ὥς τε λέων ἐχάρη μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ σώματι κύρσας Refs 8th c.BC+; ς. δὲ οἴκαδ᾽ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν Refs 8th c.BC+; so also in NT+8th c.BC+; νεκρὸν σ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; μέγιστον σ... σποδου, ={σ. μέγιστον ὃ νῦν σποδός ἐστι}, Refs 5th c.BC+
2 the living body, Refs 8th c.BC+; γενναῖος τῷ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; εὔρωστος τὸ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ σ. σῴζειν or -εσθαι save one's life, Refs 5th c.BC+; διασῴζειν or -εσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+; περὶ τοῦ σ. ἀγωνίζεσθαι for one's life, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔχειν τὸ σ. κακῶς, ὡς βέλτιστα, etc., to be in a bad, a good state of bodily health, Refs 5th c.BC+
3 body, opposed to spirit (εἴδωλον), Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to soul (ψυχή), Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ τοῦ σ. ἔργα bodily labours, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ τοῦ σ. ἡδοναί, αἱ κατὰ τὸ σ. ἡδ.,Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ εἰς τὸ σ. τιμήματα bodily punishments, Refs 4th c.BC+
4 animal body, opposed to plants, Refs 5th c.BC+; but of plants, NT
5 civic rights (like Latin caput), Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄτιμοι τὰ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; μέρος ἠτιμῶσθαι τοῦ σ. Refs 4th c.BC+
6 in “NT”, of the sacramental body of Christ, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σ. μου NT
6.b of the body of Christ's church, οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν σ. ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ NT; ἡ ἐκκλησία ἥτις ἐστὶ τὸ σ. [τοῦ Χριστοῦ] NT
II periphrastic, ἀνθρώπου σ. ἓν οὐδέν, ={ἄνθρωπος οὐδὲ εἷς}, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in Trag., σῶμα θηρός, ={θήρ}, Refs 5th c.BC+; τεκέων σώματα, ={τέκνα}, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ σὸν σ., ={σύ}, Refs; rarely in singular of many persons, σῶμα τέκνων Refs
II.2 a person, human being, τὰ πολλὰ σ., ={οἱ πολλοί}, Refs 5th c.BC+; λευκὰ γήρᾳ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑκάστου τοῦ σώματος, Refsper person, Refs 3rd c.BC+; καταστήσαντες τὸ σ. ἀφείσθωσαν τῆς ἐγγύης Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἐργαζομένη αὑτῇ τῷ ἰδίῳ σ. working for herself, earning her own living, Refs 3rd c.BC+; τὰ φίλτατα σ., of children, Refs 4th c.BC+; frequently of slaves, αἰχμάλωτα σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; οἰκετικὰ σ. Legal cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; δοῦλα Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἐλεύθερα σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; later, σῶμα is used absolutely for a slave, NT+3rd c.BC+; a usage censured by Poll. [prev. cited] and Refs 2nd c.AD+; also of troops, τὴν τῶν σ. σύνταξιν Refs 4th c.BC+
III generally, a body, i.e. any corporeal substance, δεῖ αὐτὸ (i.e. τὸ ὄν) σ. μὴ ἔχειν Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ἄψυχον, ἔμψυχον, Refs 5th c.BC+; κυκλικὸν σ., of one of the spheres, Refs 4th c.AD+; τὸ πέμπτον σ. the fifth element, Refs 5th c.BC+; metallic substance, Refs 5th c.BC+
III.2 in Mathematics texts, figure of three dimensions, solid, opposed to a surface, etc., Refs 4th c.BC+
IV the body or whole of a thing, especially of complete parts of the body, τὸ σ. τῶν νεφρῶν Refs; τὸ σ. τῆς γαστρός, τῆς κοιλίας, Refs 2nd c.AD+: generally, the whole body or frame of a thing, ὑπὸ σώματι γᾶς Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ σ. τοῦ παντός, τοῦ κόσμου, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὕδωρ, ποταμοῦ σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ σ. τῆς πίστεως the body of the proof, i.e. arguments, Refs 4th c.BC+ H.; of a body of writings, Refs 1st c.BC+; text of a document, opposed to ὑπογραφή, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of a will, Refs 2nd c.AD+
IV.2 ξύλα σώματα logs, opposed to κλάδοι, Refs 3rd c.AD+; σ. μέγα περσέας Refs 3rd c.AD+
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
Every form this word takes in Biblang, with the Greek it corresponds to and how often the New Testament uses it.
| Job in the sentence case | one singular | more than one plural |
|---|---|---|
| subject or object direct | sōmem40×σῶμα | sōmeim6×σώματα |
| of, belonging to genitive | sōmeu36×σώματος | sōmeiu1×σωμάτων |
| to, for dative | sōme25×σώματι | sōmei |
Tinted cells are forms the New Testament never uses, so there is no Greek to show against them — but they are still correct Biblang, built from the slots below like any other.
Why these forms, and no others — the slots that make them
sōme is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
142 occurrences, 100 of them printed here — the rest are in the reader
sōmem“body”subject or objectdirect singular40×, 23 shown
Matthew 5:29… meleiu su kai mē holem tem sōmem su baliteia eis geennan.… your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.
Matthew 5:30… meleiu su kai mē holem tem sōmem su eis geennan aperchateia.… your body than for your whole body to depart into hell.
Matthew 6:22… tos ofthalmos su haplouos, holem tem sōmem su fōteinem eti;… your eyes are good, your whole body will be full of light.
Matthew 6:23… ofthalmos su ponēros ateiō, holem tem sōmem su skoteinem eti. ei oun tem …… your eyes are bad, your whole body will be full of darkness. If …
Matthew 6:25… polloterem atō tau trofēau kai tem sōmem teu endumeu?… life more than food, and the body more than clothes?
Matthew 26:26… legata; Labavar esthiavar, houtem atō tem sōmem mu.… Take and eat; this is My body.”
Mark 14:22… kai legata; Labavar, houtem atō tem sōmem mu.… saying, “Take it; this is My body.”
Luke 11:34… su haplouos ateiō, kai holem tem sōmem su fōteinem atō; epan de ponēros …… your eyes are good, your whole body also is full of light. But …
Luke 11:34… epan de ponēros ateiō, kai tem sōmem su skoteinem.… But when they are bad, your body is full of darkness.
Luke 11:36ei oun tem sōmem su holem fōteinem, mē echarōntem merem …So if your whole body is full of light, with no …
Luke 12:23… polloterem atō tau trofēau kai tem sōmem teu endumeu.… is more than food, and the body more than clothes.
Luke 17:37“corpse”… tos de legata autoi; Hopou tem sōmem, ekei kai tois aetois episunagili.… a carcass, there the vultures will gather.”
Luke 22:19… dōata autoi legarōntos; Houtem atō tem sōmem mu tem huper vu dōorōntem; houtem …… to them, saying, “This is My body, given for you; do this in …
Luke 23:55… tem mnēmeiem kai hōs tithita tem sōmem autou,… saw the tomb and how His body was placed.
John 20:12… pros toi podoi, hopou keiote tem sōmem tou Iēsu.… angels in white sitting where the body of Jesus had lain, one at …
Romans 6:6… nu anthrōpos sustaurita, hina katargiteia tem sōmem tau hamartau, teu mēketi douleuarō nin …… crucified with Him so that the body of sin might be rendered powerless …
Romans 8:10… de Christos en vi, tem men sōmem nekrem dia hamartan, tem de pneumem …… if Christ is in you, your body is dead because of sin, yet …
Romans 12:5houtōs tois pollois henem sōmem anō en Christo, tem de kata …… we who are many are one body, and each member belongs to one …
1 Corinthians 6:13… houtan kai houteim katargati. tem de sōmem ouk ta porneia alla to kurio, …… God will destroy them both. The body is not intended for sexual immorality …
1 Corinthians 6:16… hoti tos kollorōntos ta porna henem sōmem atō? Eli gar, fēatō, tois duo …… prostitute is one with her in body? For it is said, “The two …
1 Corinthians 6:19ē ouk oidavē hoti tem sōmem vu naos teu en vi hagieu …Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy …
1 Corinthians 10:17hoti henos artos, henem sōmem tois pollois anō, tois gar pantois …… we who are many are one body; for we all partake of the …
1 Corinthians 11:24… kai legata; Houtem mu atō tem sōmem tem huper vu; houtem poiavōr eis …… it and said, “This is My body, which is for you; do this …
sōmeu“body”of, belonging togenitive singular36×, 22 shown
Matthew 6:22Tos luchnos teu sōmeu atō tos ofthalmos. ean oun ateiō …… eye is the lamp of the body. If your eyes are good, your …
Matthew 26:12… houtas tem murem houtem epi teu sōmeu mu pros tem entafiazara min poiata.… on Me, she has prepared My body for burial.
Luke 11:34tos luchnos teu sōmeu atō tos ofthalmos su. hotan tos …… eye is the lamp of your body. When your eyes are good, your …
John 2:21… de legate peri tou naou teu sōmeu autou.… speaking about the temple of His body.
Romans 7:4… vis thanativa to nomo dia teu sōmeu tou Christou, eis tem genera vin …… died to the law through the body of Christ, that you might belong …
Romans 7:24… anthrōpos; tinos min rueti ek teu sōmeu tou thanatou houtou?… Who will rescue me from this body of death?
Romans 8:13… ei de pneume tain praxiain teu sōmeu thanatavō, zōevi.… to death the deeds of the body, you will live.
Romans 8:23… stenazanō, huiothesian apekdechorōntois tan apolutrōsian teu sōmeu nu.… as sons, the redemption of our bodies.
1 Corinthians 6:18… hem ean poiateia anthrōpos ektos teu sōmeu atō, tos de porneuarōntos eis tem …… man can commit is outside his body, but he who sins sexually sins …
1 Corinthians 7:4tas gunaikas teu idieu sōmeu ouk exousiazatō alla tos andros; homoiōs …… not have authority over her own body, but the husband. Likewise the husband …
1 Corinthians 7:4… de kai tos andros teu idieu sōmeu ouk exousiazatō alla tas gunaikas.… not have authority over his own body, but the wife.
1 Corinthians 10:16… arton hon klanō, ouchi koinōnias teu sōmeu tou Christou atō?… we break a participation in the body of Christ?
1 Corinthians 11:27… tou kuriou anaxiōs, enochos eti teu sōmeu kai teu haimeu tou kuriou.… be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord.
1 Corinthians 12:12… echatō, panteim de teim meleim teu sōmeu polleim arōnteim henem atō sōmem, houtōs …… are many, they all form one body. So it is with Christ.
1 Corinthians 12:15… amō cheiras, ouk amō ek teu sōmeu, ouk para houtem ouk atō ek …… I do not belong to the body,” that would not make it any …
1 Corinthians 12:15… para houtem ouk atō ek teu sōmeu?… any less a part of the body.
1 Corinthians 12:16… amō ofthalmos, ouk amō ek teu sōmeu, ouk para houtem ouk atō ek …… I do not belong to the body,” that would not make it any …
1 Corinthians 12:16… para houtem ouk atō ek teu sōmeu;… any less a part of the body.
1 Corinthians 12:22… polle mallon teim dokarōnteim meleim teu sōmeu asthenotereim huparcharō anankaieim atō,… the contrary, the parts of the body that seem to be weaker are …
1 Corinthians 12:23“body”kai heim dokanō atimotereim arō teu sōmeu, houtei timan perissoteran peritithanō, kai teim …and the parts we consider less honorable, we treat with greater honor. And our unpresentable …
2 Corinthians 5:8… kai eudokanō mallon ekdēmara ek teu sōmeu kai endēmara pros ton kurion;… prefer to be away from the body and at home with the Lord.
2 Corinthians 5:10… hina komizeteia hekastos teim dia teu sōmeu pros heim prassata, eite agathem eite …… for the things done in the body, whether good or bad.
sōme“body”to, fordative singular25×, 22 shown
Matthew 6:25… psucha vu tinem esthiaveia, mēde te sōme vu tinem endueveia; ouchi tas psuchas …… eat or drink; or about your body, what you will wear. Is not …
Mark 5:29… teu haimeu autau, kai gnōskata te sōme hoti iotē apo tau mastigau.… stopped, and she sensed in her body that she was healed of her …
Luke 12:22… ta psucha tinem esthiaveia, mēde te sōme tinem endueveia.… you will eat, or about your body, what you will wear.
Romans 6:12… tas hamartas en te thnēte vu sōme eis tem hupakouarō tai epithumiai auteu,… let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its desires.
Romans 12:4kathaper gar en hene sōme polleim meleim echanō, teim de meleim …… as each of us has one body with many members, and not all …
1 Corinthians 5:3Mis men gar, apeiarōntos te sōme pareiarōntos de te pneume, ēdē krinamē …… I am absent from you in body, I am present with you in …
1 Corinthians 6:13… to kurio, kai tos kurios te sōme;… Lord, and the Lord for the body.
1 Corinthians 6:20… doxazavar dē ton theon en te sōme vu.… price. Therefore glorify God with your body.
1 Corinthians 7:34… kuriou, hina ateiō hagias kai te sōme kai te pneume; tas de gamarantas …… she can be holy in both body and spirit. But the married woman …
1 Corinthians 12:18… meleim, henem hekastem auteiu, en te sōme kathōs thelata.… has arranged the members of the body, every one of them, according to …
1 Corinthians 12:25hina mē ateiō schismem en te sōme, alla tem autem huper allēloiu merimnaleiō …… should be no division in the body, but that its members should have …
1 Corinthians 15:35… Pōs egerolō tois nekrois, poie de sōme ercholō?… dead raised? With what kind of body will they come?”
2 Corinthians 4:10… tan nekrōsian tou Iēsu en te sōme periferarōntois, hina kai tas zōas tou …We always carry around in our body the death of Jesus, so that …
2 Corinthians 4:10… tas zōas tou Iēsu en te sōme nu faneriteia;… may also be revealed in our body.
2 Corinthians 5:6… kai oidarēntois hoti endēmarōntois en te sōme ekdēmanō apo tou kuriou,… we are at home in the body, we are away from the Lord.
2 Corinthians 12:2“body”… Christo pro eteiu dekatessares eite en sōme ouk oidamē, eite ektos teu sōmeu …… man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven. Whether it was in the body or out of it I do not know, but God …
2 Corinthians 12:3… oidamē ton toiouton anthrōpon eite en sōme eite chōris teu sōmeu ouk oidamē, …… that this man— whether in the body or out of it I do …
Galatians 6:17… teim stigmeim tou Iēsu en te sōme mu bastazamō.… trouble, for I bear on my body the marks of Jesus.
Ephesians 2:16kai apokatallaxateia toin amfoteroin en hene sōme to theo dia tou staurou apoktenarantos …… of them to God in one body through the cross, by which He …
Philippians 1:20… kai nun megaluniti Christos en te sōme mu, eite dia zōau eite dia …… Christ will be exalted in my body, whether by life or by death.
Philippians 3:21… sōmem tau tapeinōsiau nu summorfem te sōme tau doxau autou kata tan energeian …… bodies to be like His glorious body.
Colossians 1:22nuni de apokatallaxiva en te sōme tau sarkau autou dia tou thanatou …… has reconciled you by Christ’s physical body through death to present you holy …
sōmeim“bodies”subject or objectdirect plural6×
Matthew 27:52kai teim mnēmeieim anoigila kai polleim sōmeim toiu koimorēntoiu hagioiu egerila,The tombs broke open, and the bodies of many saints who had fallen …
John 19:31… mē menateia epi tou staurou teim sōmeim en te sabbate, ate gar megas …… High Sabbath. In order that the bodies would not remain on the cross …
1 Corinthians 6:15ouk oidavē hoti teim sōmeim vu meleim Christou atō? airarantos oun …Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? Shall I …
1 Corinthians 15:40kai sōmeim epouraneim, kai sōmeim epigeieim; alla heteras …There are also heavenly bodies and earthly bodies. But the splendor …
1 Corinthians 15:40kai sōmeim epouraneim, kai sōmeim epigeieim; alla heteras men tas teiu …… are also heavenly bodies and earthly bodies. But the splendor of the heavenly …
Hebrews 13:11… hagieim dia tou archierevou, houteiu teim sōmeim katakaiotō exō tau parembolau;… as a sacrifice for sin, the bodies are burned outside the camp.
sōmeiu“slaves”of, belonging togenitive plural1×
Revelation 18:13… probateim, kai hippoiu kai redaiu kai sōmeiu, kai psuchain anthrōpoiu.… carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.
sōmem22×
Matthew 10:28… mē fobovōr apo toiu apoktenarōntoiu tem sōmem tan de psuchan mē dunorōntoiu apoktenara; …… afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Instead …
Matthew 10:28… mallon ton dunorōnton kai psuchan kai sōmem apolara en geenna.… who can destroy both soul and body in hell.
Matthew 27:58houtos prosercharantos to Pilato aiteta tem sōmem tou Iēsu. tote tos Pilatos keleuata …… to Pilate to ask for the body of Jesus, and Pilate ordered that …
Matthew 27:59kai labarantos tem sōmem tos Iōsēf entulissata autem sindona kathara,So Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen …
Mark 14:8hem echata poiata, prolabata murizara tem sōmem mu eis ton entafiasmon.… what she could to anoint My body in advance of My burial.
Mark 15:43… pros ton Pilaton kai aiteta tem sōmem tou Iēsu.… to Pilate to ask for the body of Jesus.
Luke 12:4… mē fobiveia apo toiu apoktenarōntoiu tem sōmem kai meta houteim mē echarōntoiu perissoterem …… afraid of those who kill the body and after that can do no …
Luke 23:52houtos prosercharantos to Pilato aiteta tem sōmem tou Iēsu,… to Pilate to ask for the body of Jesus.
Luke 24:3eisercharantais de ouk heuriskala tem sōmem.… entered, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus.
Luke 24:23kai mē heuriskarantais tem sōmem autou erchala legarōntais kai optasian angeloiu …but they did not find His body. They came and told us they …
John 19:38… fobon toiu Ioudaioiu, hina airateia tem sōmem tou Iēsu; kai epitrepata tos Pilatos. …… Pilate to let him remove the body of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission …
John 19:38… Pilatos. erchata oun kai airata tem sōmem autou.… so he came and removed His body.
John 19:40labala oun tem sōmem tou Iēsu kai dala autem othoniei …So they took the body of Jesus and wrapped it in …
Acts 9:40… gonueim proseucheta, kai epistrefarantos pros tem sōmem legata; Tabitha, anastēasar. tas de anoigata …… and prayed, and turning toward her body, he said, “Tabitha, get up!” She …
Romans 4:19… asthenarantos ta pistia katanoata tem heautou sōmem nekrorēntem, hekatontaetos pou huparcharōntos, kai tan …… he acknowledged the decrepitness of his body (since he was about a hundred …
1 Corinthians 6:18… tos de porneuarōntos eis tem idiem sōmem hamartatō.… sins sexually sins against his own body.
1 Corinthians 9:27alla hupōpiazamō mu tem sōmem kai doulagōgamō, mē pōs allosoi kērussarantos …No, I discipline my body and make it my slave, so …
1 Corinthians 11:29… esthiatō kai pinatō mē diakrinarōntos tem sōmem.… eats and drinks without recognizing the body eats and drinks judgment on himself.
1 Corinthians 12:13… hene pneume nis pantois eis henem sōmem baptizina, eite Ioudaiois eite Hellēnois, eite …… we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, slave or …
1 Corinthians 12:24… echatō. alla tos theos sunkerannuata tem sōmem, te husterarōnte perissoteran dōarantos timan,… need. But God has composed the body and has given greater honor to …
1 Corinthians 13:3… huparcharōnteim mu, kai ean paradōameia tem sōmem mu, hina kaiimi, agapan de mē …… exult in the surrender of my body, but have not love, I gain …
1 Corinthians 15:37kai hem sperasō, ouk tem sōmem tem generintem sperasō alla gumnon kokkon …… what you sow is not the body that will be, but just a …
sōmeim4×
Romans 1:24… autoiu eis akatharsian teu atimazorō teim sōmeim autoiu en autoi,… impurity for the dishonoring of their bodies with one another.
Romans 8:11… Christon Iēsun zōopoiati kai teim thnēteim sōmeim vu dia tem enoikarōntem autou pneumem …… also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit, who lives in …
Romans 12:1… toiu oiktirmoiu tou theou parastēara teim sōmeim vu thusian zōarōntan hagian euarestan to …… of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing …
Ephesians 5:28… tain heautoiu gunaikain hōs teim heautoiu sōmeim; tos agaparōntos tan heautou gunaikan heauton …… love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves …