adjective
holos
Strong’sG3650
all, the whole, entire
stem hol-108 times in the New Testamentin 16 of 27 books12 of 26 forms occur
What it means
A plain-English reading of the word, with the lexicons it draws on — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, and Liddell-Scott-Jones — right below it, in full.
AI Summary
Ὅλος means whole, entire, complete — describing something taken in its totality rather than in part 1234. It is used of both persons and things: a whole loaf, a whole month, a whole city, a whole day or night, an entire person 13. It can also describe someone as safe and sound, unharmed 3.
Used adverbially (especially in the neuter, or in the phrase di’ holou, "through the whole"), it means wholly, entirely, altogether 123.
In the Greek Old Testament the word can also serve as an equivalent of "all" (pas), so that "every city" is expressed rather than "the city as a whole" 3.
Sources: 1 Abbott-Smith 2 Strong's 3 LSJ 4 Dodson. Condensed by anthropic/claude-sonnet-5 on 2026-09-23 — it may still misstate what these say; check them yourself if it matters to you.
The lexicons it was drawn from, in full:
Abbott-Smith — the 1922 lexicon entry, in full
ὅλος, -η, -ον,
[in LXX chiefly for כֹּל;]
G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 1922 — public domain. References open in the reader.
Strong’s G3650 — the 1890 definition, and where the word comes from
Saidhol'-os
"whole" or "all", i.e. complete (in extent, amount, time or degree), especially (neuter) as noun or adverb
Froma primary word;
King Jamesall, altogether, every whit, + throughout, whole.
James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 1890 — public domain. The numbers in it link to the entries here.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — the classical dictionary this word appears in
Ionic dialect οὖλος, η, ον, as in Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare ἡμι-ολίας Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅλως uncertain in Refs 6th c.BC+:—whole, entire, complete in all its parts, of persons and things, ἄρτος οὖλος a whole loaf, Refs 8th c.BC+; μηνὶ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ οὔλῳ in a whole month, Refs; οὖλος ὁρᾷ, οὖλος δὲ νοεῖ, οὖλος δέ τ᾽ ἀκούει (i.e. ὁ θεός) Refs 6th c.BC+; ὅλος ἑσπέρας ὀφθαλμός, i.e. the full moon, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ὅ. χρόνοςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ ὤμοις ὅλην πόλιν φέρων a whole city, Refs 5th c.BC+; πόλεις ὅλαι whole, entire cities, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅλη ἡ πόλις, the city as a whole, Refs; ὅλους ποιητὰς ἐκμανθάνειν learn whole poets by heart, Refs substantive, τῆς ἡμέρας ὅλης in the course of the whole day, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅλην τὴν νύκτα or τὴν νύκτα ὅλην, Refs 5th c.BC+: less frequently between Article and substantive, τὸν ὅ. ἀμφὶ χρόνον Refs 5th c.BC+
2 whole, i. e. safe and sound, ὑγιὴς καὶ ὅ. Refs 5th c.BC+
3 entire, utter, ὅ. ἁμάρτημα an utter blunder, Refs 5th c.BC+; πλάσμα ὅ. ἐστὶν ἡ διαθήκη utter fiction, Refs 4th c.BC+
4 neuter as adverb, ὅλον or τὸ ὅ. wholly, entirely, διαφέρει ὅ. τε καὶ πᾶν Refs 5th c.BC+ on the whole, generally, opposed to ἀπολαβὼν μέρος τι, Refs; δι᾽ ὅλου, καθ᾽ ὅλου (see. διόλου, καθόλου); αἱ κράσεις δι᾽ ὅλων Refs 1st c.AD+generally speaking, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ δ᾽ ὅ. and in general, in short, Refs 2nd c.BC+; οὐδὲ Φιλόξενον ὅλ᾽ ἐξ ὅλων εὗρον I have entirely failed to find P., Refs 3rd c.AD+
5 ={πᾶς}, all, ὅλων στρατηγός Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅλη πόλις every city, LXX; πρὸ τῶν ὅ. τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ before all things, Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἀσπάζομαι.. πάντας τοὺς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ὅ. κατ᾽ ὄνομα Refs 4th c.AD+
II as substantive, τὸ ὅ. the universe, Refs 5th c.BC+; differing from τὸ πᾶν, as implying a definite order, Refs 5th c.BC+ {ὁλοσηρικοπράτης} (but as not including void, Refs 5th c.BC+
II.2 τὰ ὅ. one's all, τὰ ὅ. πεπρακέναι Refs 4th c.BC+; τοῖς ὅ. ἡττᾶσθαι lose one's all, be utterly ruined, Refs 2nd c.BC+; τοῖς ὅ., ={ὅλως}, altogether, Philipp. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+: with negative, not at all, Refs 1st c.BC+.; τοῖς ὅ. ἠφάνισαν utterly destroyed it, Refs 1st c.AD+.; κινδυνεύει τῷ ὅ. ἐξαρθῆναι there is a risk of its being entirely carried away, Refs 1st c.AD+
III adverb ὅλως (Doric dialect οὔλως Refs 5th c.AD+ wholly, altogether, ὅ. σοφόν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ. ψεύδεται he speaks utter falsehood, Refs 5th c.BC+
III.2 on the whole, speaking generally, in short, ὅ. δ᾽ οὐδεὶς ἔστιν ὅντιν᾽ οὐ πεφενάκικ᾽ ἐκεῖνος Refs 5th c.BC+; τί οὖν κωλύει πάντα ἀφῃρῆσθαι καὶ ὅ. τὴν πολιτεία; Refs 4th c.BC+
III.3 frequently with a negative (first in Refs 6th c.BC+ not at all, ὅ. μὴ διαλέγεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+
III.4 actually, really, καλῶς ποιήσεις ἐλθοῦσα.. πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἵνα ὅ. ἴδωμέν σε Refs 3rd c.AD+; so perhaps in NT+5th c.BC+ *sólwos, cf. Sanskrit sárvas 'whole', and perhaps Latin salus, salvus.)
H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1925–1940) — digitised by the Perseus Digital Library and corrected and expanded by Tyndale House, Cambridge, via STEPBible-Data's TFLSJ table, CC BY 4.0. Covers all of Greek literature, not just the Bible.
Translated as
Every occurrence, sorted by the English it was actually given — the evidence for what the word means, not a gloss of it.
Berean Standard Bible (BSB), dedicated to the public domain — berean.bible.
Biblang forms
Every form this word takes in Biblang, with the Greek it corresponds to and how often the New Testament uses it.
| Job in the sentence case | masculine singular | feminine singular | neuter singular | masculine plural | feminine plural | neuter plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| subject nominative | holos4×ὅλος | holas8×ὅλη | holem22×ὅλον | holois | holais | holeim |
| object accusative | holon13×ὅλον | holan20×ὅλην | holoin1×ὅλους | holain | ||
| direct address vocative | holor | holar | holoir | holair | ||
| of, belonging to genitive | holou2×ὅλου | holau18×ὅλης | holeu1×ὅλου | holoiu | holaiu | holeiu |
| to, for dative | holo4×ὅλῳ | hola14×ὅλῃ | hole1×ὅλῳ | holoi | holai | holei |
Tinted cells are forms the New Testament never uses, so there is no Greek to show against them — but they are still correct Biblang, built from the slots below like any other.
Why these forms, and no others — the slots that make them
hol is this word in every one of its forms. The slots after it make all the rest.
same in every form varies — every value shown
Where it appears
Every verse the word appears in, filed under the form it takes there.
108 occurrences, 100 of them printed here — the rest are in the reader
holos“all”subjectnominative singular4×
Matthew 22:40en houtai tai duo entolai holos tos nomos kremannuotō kai tois profētois.All the Law and the Prophets hang …
John 9:34“entirely”… legala auto; En hamartai sis gennisa holos, kai sis didaskasō nin? kai ekbalala …They replied, “You were born in utter sin, and you are instructing us?” And they threw him out.
John 13:10… toin podoin niptera, alla atō katharos holos; kai vis katharois avō, alla ouchi …… his feet, and he will be completely clean. And you are clean, though …
1 John 5:19… tou theou anō, kai tos kosmos holos en to ponēro keiotō.… are of God, and that the whole world is under the power of …
holon“whole”objectaccusative singular13×
Matthew 16:26… gar ōfeliti anthrōpos ean ton kosmon holon kerdainateia tan de psuchan autou zēmiiteia? …… a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or …
Mark 8:36… gar ōfelatō anthrōpon kerdainara ton kosmon holon kai zēmiira tan psuchan autou?… profit a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul?
Mark 12:44… husterēsiau autau panteim hoseim echate balata, holon ton bion autau.… of her poverty has put in all she had to live on.”
Mark 14:9“whole”… hopou ean kērussiteia tem euangeliem eis holon ton kosmon, kai hem poiata houtas …… tell you, wherever the gospel is preached in all the world, what she has done will also be told …
Luke 8:43… apo eteiu dōdeka, hotinas iatroi prosanaliskarantas holon ton bion ouk ischuata apo oudeneu …… for twelve years. She had spent all her money on physicians, but no …
Luke 9:25… gar ōfelotō anthrōpos kerdainarantos ton kosmon holon heauton de apolarantos ē zēmiirantos?… profit a man to gain the whole world, yet lose or forfeit his …
John 7:23… tos nomos Mōusou, mi cholavō hoti holon anthrōpon hugion poiama en sabbate?… angry with Me for making the whole man well on the Sabbath?
Acts 2:2… hōsper ferorōntau pnoau biaiau kai plērata holon ton oikon hou ale kathorōntois,… came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting.
Acts 2:47… ton theon kai echarōntois charitan pros holon ton laon. tos de kurios prostithate …… God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added …
Acts 7:10… katastēata auton hēgorōnton epi Aiguptan kai holon ton oikon autou.… appointed him ruler over Egypt and all his household.
Acts 11:26“whole”… Antiocheian. geneta de autoi kai eniauton holon sunagira en ta ekklēsa kai didaskara …… back to Antioch. So for a full year they met together with the church and taught large numbers …
Galatians 5:3… panto anthrōpo peritemorōnto hoti ofeiletos atō holon ton nomon poiara.… he is obligated to obey the whole law.
James 2:10hotinos gar holon ton nomon tērateia, ptaiateia de en …Whoever keeps the whole law but stumbles at just one …
holou“whole”of, belonging togenitive singular2×
John 19:23… arafos, ek teiu anōthen hufantos dia holou;… remaining. It was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.
1 John 2:2… hēmeteraiu de monem alla kai peri holou tou kosmou.… also for the sins of the whole world.
holo“all”to, fordative singular4×
Matthew 26:13“whole”… ean kērussiteia tem euangeliem houtem en holo to kosmo, laliti kai hem poiata …… you, wherever this gospel is preached in all the world, what she has done will also be told in memory …
Acts 18:8“all”… tos archisunagōgos pisteuata to kurio sun holo to oiko autou, kai pollois toiu …Crispus, the synagogue leader, and his whole household believed in the Lord. And many of the Corinthians who …
Romans 1:8“whole”… hoti tas pistias vu katangelotō en holo to kosmo.… of you, because your faith is being proclaimed all over the world.
Hebrews 3:5kai Mōusos men pistos en holo to oiko autou hōs therapontos eis …… was faithful as a servant in all God’s house, testifying to what would …
holas“whole”subjectnominative singular8×
Mark 1:33kai ate holas tas polas episunagorēntas pros tan thuran.and the whole town gathered at the door.
John 4:53“whole”… pisteuata autos kai tas oikias autou holas.… live.” And he and all his household believed.
Acts 19:27… kai kathairorō tau megaleiotau autau, han holas tas Asias kai tas oikoumenas sebotō.… deposed — she who is worshiped by all the province of Asia and the …
Acts 21:30“all”kinita tē tas polas holas kai geneta sundromas tou laou, kai …The whole city was stirred up, and the people rushed together. They seized Paul and dragged him …
Acts 21:31… fasias to chiliarcho tau speirau hoti holas sunchotō Ierousalēm,… Roman regiment received a report that all Jerusalem was in turmoil.
1 Corinthians 14:23ean oun sunerchateia tas ekklēsas holas epi tem autem kai pantois lalaleiō …So if the whole church comes together and everyone speaks …
Revelation 6:12… hōs sakkos trichinos, kai tas selēnas holas geneta hōs haimem,… sackcloth of goat hair, and the whole moon turned blood red,
Revelation 13:3… tou thanatou auteu therapeuita. kai thaumazita holas tas gēas opisō teu thēreu,… mortal wound was healed, and the whole world marveled and followed the beast.
holan“whole”objectaccusative singular20×, 16 shown
Matthew 4:24kai aperchata tas akoas autou eis holan tan Surian; kai prosferala auto pantoin …… Syria, and people brought to Him all who were ill with various diseases …
Matthew 9:26“all”kai exerchata tas fēmas houtas eis holan tan gēan ekeinan.And the news about this spread throughout that region.
Matthew 14:35… androis tou topou ekeinou apostelala eis holan tan perichōran ekeinan, kai prosferala auto …… recognized Jesus, they sent word to all the surrounding region. People brought all …
Matthew 20:6… kai legatō autoi; Tinem hōde stēavē holan tan hēmeran argois?… Why have you been standing here all day long doing nothing?’ he asked.
Matthew 27:27… eis tem praitōriem sunagala epi auton holan tan speiran.… into the Praetorium and gathered the whole company around Him.
Mark 1:28“all”… tas akoas autou euthuos pantachou eis holan tan perichōran tau Galilaiau.And the news about Jesus spread quickly through the whole region of Galilee.
Mark 1:39“all”… kērussarōntos eis tain sunagōgain autoiu eis holan tan Galilaian kai teim daimoneim ekbalarōntos.… He went throughout Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and driving out demons.
Mark 6:55peritrechala holan tan chōran ekeinan kai archela epi …and ran through that whole region, carrying the sick on mats …
Mark 15:16… aulau, hem atō praitōriem, kai sunkalalō holan tan speiran.… is, the Praetorium) and called the whole company together.
Mark 15:33“whole”… generantau hōrau hektau skotem geneta epi holan tan gēan heōs hōrau enatau.From the sixth hour until the ninth hour darkness came over all the land.
Luke 8:39“whole”… poiata tos theos. kai aperchata kata holan tan polan kērussarōntos hoseim poiata auto …… how much God has done for you.” So the man went away and proclaimed all over the town how much Jesus had done for him.
Luke 23:44“whole”… hōras hektas kai skotem geneta epi holan tan gēan heōs hōrau enatau… about the sixth hour, and darkness came over all the land until the ninth hour.
Acts 5:11kai geneta fobos megos epi holan tan ekklēsan kai epi pantoin toin …And great fear came over the whole church and all who heard about …
Acts 7:11“all”erchata de limos epi holan tan Aiguptan kai Chanaan kai thlipsias …Then famine and great suffering swept across Egypt and Canaan, and our fathers …
Acts 11:28“all”… pneumeu liman megan mellarō eri epi holan tan oikoumenan; hotinas geneta epi Klaudiou.… through the Spirit that a great famine would sweep across the whole world. ( This happened under Claudius.)
Acts 13:6diercharantois de holan tan nēsan achri Pafau heuriskala andron …They traveled through the whole island as far as Paphos, where …
holau“all”of, belonging togenitive singular18×, 16 shown
Mark 12:30… agapasi kurion ton theon su ek holau tau kardiau su kai ek holau …Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your …
Mark 12:30… holau tau kardiau su kai ek holau tau psuchau su kai ek holau …… with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your …
Mark 12:30… holau tau psuchau su kai ek holau tau dianoiau su kai ek holau …… with all your mind and with all your strength.’
Mark 12:30… holau tau dianoiau su kai ek holau tau ischuau su.… with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your …
Mark 12:33kai tem agaparō auton ek holau tau kardiau kai ek holau tau …and to love Him with all your heart and with all your …
Mark 12:33… ek holau tau kardiau kai ek holau tau sunesiau kai ek holau tau …… with all your heart and with all your understanding and with all your …
Mark 12:33… ek holau tau sunesiau kai ek holau tau ischuau kai tem agaparō ton …… with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your …
Luke 4:14“all”… tan Galilaian. kai fēmas exerchata kata holau tau perichōrau peri autou.… returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and the news about Him spread throughout the surrounding region.
Luke 5:5kai apokrinirantos Simōnos legata; Epistator, dia holau nuktau kopiarantois oudenem labana, epi de …… Simon replied, “we have worked hard all night without catching anything. But because …
Luke 10:27… Agapasi kurion ton theon su ek holau tau kardiau su kai en hola …… Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your …
Luke 23:5… hoti Anaseiatō ton laon didaskarōntos kata holau tau Ioudaiau, kai archerantos apo tau …… insisting, “He stirs up the people all over Judea with His teaching. He …
Acts 9:31“all”Tas men oun ekklēsas kata holau tau Ioudaiau kai Galilaiau kai Samareiau …Then the church throughout Judea, Galilee, and Samaria experienced a time of peace. It grew in strength and numbers, living …
Acts 9:42gnōstem de geneta kata holau tau Ioppau, kai pisteuala pollois epi …This became known all over Joppa, and many people believed …
Acts 10:37“all”vis oidavē tem generantem rēmem kata holau tau Ioudaiau, archerantos apo tau Galilaiau …You yourselves know what has happened throughout Judea, beginning in Galilee with the …
Acts 13:49“whole”… de tos logos tou kuriou dia holau tau chōrau.And the word of the Lord spread throughout that region.
Romans 16:23“whole”… vin Gaios tos xenos mu kai holau tau ekklēsau. aspazotō vin Erastosos tos …Gaius, who has hosted me and all the church, sends you greetings. Erastus, the city treasurer, sends you greetings, as …
hola“all”to, fordative singular14×
Matthew 4:23“all”Kai periagate en hola ta Galilaia, didaskarōntos en tai sunagōgai …Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every …
Matthew 9:31“all”tois de exercharantois diafēmizala auton en hola ta gēa ekeina.But they went out and spread the news about Him throughout the …
Matthew 22:37… Agapasi kurion ton theon su en hola ta kardia su kai en hola …… Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your …
Matthew 22:37… hola ta kardia su kai en hola ta psucha su kai en hola …… with all your soul and with all your mind.’
Matthew 22:37… hola ta psucha su kai en hola ta dianoia su;… with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your …
Matthew 24:14“whole”… houtem tem euangeliem tau basileiau en hola ta oikoumena eis marturiem pantei tei …And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will …
Luke 1:65“all”… fobos toin perioikarōntoin autoin, kai en hola ta oreina tau Ioudaiau dialalote panteim …All their neighbors were filled with awe, and people throughout the hill country of Judea were talking …
Luke 7:17“all”kai exerchata tos logos houtos en hola ta Ioudaia peri autou kai panta …And the news about Jesus spread throughout Judea and all the surrounding …
Luke 10:27… holau tau kardiau su kai en hola ta psucha su kai en hola …… with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your …
Luke 10:27… hola ta psucha su kai en hola ta ischua su kai en hola …… with all your strength and with all your mind’ and ‘Love your neighbor …
Luke 10:27… hola ta ischua su kai en hola ta dianoia su, kai ton plēsion …… with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your …
Acts 15:22… toi apostoloi kai toi presbuteroi sun hola ta ekklēsa eklegerantoin androin ek autoiu …… the apostles and elders, with the whole church, decided to select men from …
2 Corinthians 1:1“all”… toi hagioi pantoi toi arōntoi en hola ta Achaia;… of God in Corinth, together with all the saints throughout Achaia:
1 Thessalonians 4:10“all”… eis pantoin toin adelfoin toin en hola ta Makedonia. parakalanō de vin, adelfoir, …… love to all the brothers throughout Macedonia. But we urge you, brothers, to excel …
holem“whole”subject or objectdirect singular22×, 20 shown
Matthew 1:22houtem de holem genatē hina plēriteia tem legirantem hupo …All this took place to fulfill what …
Matthew 5:29… henem teiu meleiu su kai mē holem tem sōmem su baliteia eis geennan.… of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.
Matthew 5:30… henem teiu meleiu su kai mē holem tem sōmem su eis geennan aperchateia.… of your body than for your whole body to depart into hell.
Matthew 6:22… oun ateiō tos ofthalmos su haplouos, holem tem sōmem su fōteinem eti;… If your eyes are good, your whole body will be full of light.
Matthew 6:23… de tos ofthalmos su ponēros ateiō, holem tem sōmem su skoteinem eti. ei …… if your eyes are bad, your whole body will be full of darkness …
Matthew 13:33… aleureu sateim treis heōs hou zumita holem.… into three measures of flour, until all of it was leavened.”
Matthew 26:56houtem de holem genatē hina plērileia tais grafais toiu …But this has all happened so that the writings of …
Matthew 26:59tois de archierevois kai tem sunedriem holem zētale pseudomarturian kata tou Iēsu hopōs …Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against …
Mark 14:55tois de archierevois kai holem tem sunedriem zētale kata tou Iēsu …Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking testimony against Jesus …
Mark 15:1… meta toiu presbuteroiu kai grammatevoiu kai holem tem sunedriem darantois ton Iēsun apoferala …… chief priests, elders, scribes, and the whole Sanhedrin devised a plan. They bound …
Luke 11:34… tos ofthalmos su haplouos ateiō, kai holem tem sōmem su fōteinem atō; epan …… When your eyes are good, your whole body also is full of light …
Luke 11:36ei oun tem sōmem su holem fōteinem, mē echarōntem merem tinem skoteinem, …So if your whole body is full of light, with …
Luke 11:36“completely”… echarōntem merem tinem skoteinem, eti fōteinem holem hōs hotan tos luchnos ta astrapa …… with no part of it in darkness, you will be radiant, as though a lamp were shining …
Luke 13:21… aleureu sateim treis heōs hou zumita holem.… into three measures of flour, until all of it was leavened.”
John 11:50… apothnēskateia huper tou laou kai mē holem tem ethnem apoleteia.… for the people than that the whole nation perish.”
1 Corinthians 5:6… vu. ouk oidavē hoti mikras zumas holem tem furamem zumatō?… a little leaven works through the whole batch of dough?
Galatians 5:9mikras zumas holem tem furamem zumatō.A little leaven works through the whole batch of dough.
James 3:2… houtos teleios andros, dunatos chalinagōgara kai holem tem sōmem.… perfect man, able to control his whole body.
James 3:3… eis tem peithorō autoin ni, kai holem tem sōmem autoiu metaganō.… obey us, we can guide the whole animal.
James 3:6… en tei melei nu, tas spilarōntas holem tem sōmem kai flogizarōntas ton trochon …… of the body. It pollutes the whole person, sets the course of his …
holeu“whole”of, belonging togenitive singular1×
Acts 10:22… foborōntos ton theon marturorōntos tē hupo holeu teu ethneu toiu Ioudaioiu, chrēmatizita hupo …… with a good reputation among the whole Jewish nation. A holy angel instructed …
hole“whole”to, fordative singular1×
Philippians 1:13… mu faneroin en Christo genera en hole te praitōrie kai toi loipoi pantoi,… it has become clear throughout the whole palace guard and to everyone else …
holoin“whole”objectaccusative plural1×
Titus 1:11“whole”hoin datō epistomizarō, hotinois holoin oikoin anatrepalō didaskarōntois heim mē datō …who must be silenced. For the sake of dishonorable gain, they undermine entire households and teach things they should not.